VIETNAM NATIONALUNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS FACULTY OF FINANCE AND BANKING COURSE QH-2019 E THE IMPACT OF GEOPOLITICAL RISK ON BANK STABILITY Supervisor: MSc. Cu Nguyen Ha Trang Student: Nguyen Huyen Mai Student code: 19050691 Class: QH2019-E TCNH CLC2 Type of training: High Quality Hanoi - 2023 VIETNAM NATIONALUNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS FACULTY OF FINANCE AND BANKING COURSE QH-2019 E THE IMPACT OF GEOPOLITICAL RISK ON BANK STABILITY Supervisor: MSc. Cu Nguyen Ha Trang Student: Nguyen Huyen Mai Student code: 19050691 Class: QH2019-E TCNH CLC2 Type of training: High Quality Hanoi - 2023 ACKNOWLEDGE I would like to express my sincere thanks to the lecturers of the Faculty of Finance and Banking for their enthusiastic teaching and guidance over the past time. Sincere thanks to the Board of Directors of the University of Economics and Business - Vietnam National University.
I would like to express my heartfelt and most sincere gratitude to MSc. Cu Nguyen Ha Trang for guiding and supporting me throughout the process of making this thesis. Her suggestions are crucial directions to assist me in completing this thesis. Although many efforts have been made to do the researchin the most comprehensive way, the limitations of knowledge and experience unavoidably lead to certain shortcomings.
To finish this study, I hope to gain more valuable and constructive comments from lecturers. Hanoi, 10 May 2023 Author Nguyen Huyen Mai DECLARATION I hereby declare that this study is the result of my own research and has not been published in any other research work. The use of results, quoting other people's documents ensures compliance with regulations. The contents of citations and references to documents, books, and information are published in works, journals and websites according to the list of references of the study.
Hanoi, 10 May 2023 Author Nguyen Huyen Mai TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGE. The urgency Of topic 6. Research goals and tasks. Research data and Methodqu.
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Recommendations for the regulatory agencies of the nations. Recommendations for Danks. 43 LIST OF TABLES, FIGURES Figure 2. Geopolitical risk fframe@WOT.-----ss+cscxverrrrrertrrrrrtrrrirtrrrirrrrrrrrrrrtrrrrirrerrrrrrrrrrrrerree 14 Table 3.
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The urgency of topic In recent years, geopolitical events such as Brexit, the Russia-Ukraine conflict and China-India tensions have occurred frequently generated new geopoliticaltensions,exposed the fragility of the international financial stability system, and pushed the world economy into recession. For instance, The Nord Stream gas pipeline explosion caused by the Russia- Ukraine war and the explosion ofthe Crimean bridge will further escalate the tension of the global political situation. Russia's Ukrainian invasion in February 2022 caused more than 1,000 companies to cut their operations in the 11th largest economy in the world. The adverse impact of geopolitical risks on financial markets is supported by a number of empirical studies (Balcilar et al., 2018; Smales, 2021; Demir & Danisman, 2021).
Notably, the existing literature has shown that uncertainty regarding geopolitical tensions, military conflicts, political instability, and quality of policy formulation and execution decline bank credit growth (Demir & Danisman, 2021). In order to fulfill the role of financial intermediaries and regulate monetary circulation, banks must meet the standards of reliability and stability. As a result, it is urgent for commercial banks to enhance the ability to understand the influence of geopolitical events in order to reduce their adverse impacts, build recovery capacity and maintain the stability of the financial system. It is easy to see an urgent requirement for global financial institutions to enhance the ability to predict geopolitical risks, maintain the stability of the financial system and build recovery capacity.
It is really important and necessaryto consider whether geopoliticalrisks caused by instability related to geopolitical events, such as terrorist attacks affect the stability of the banking system. Crockett (1997) believes that the explosion of crises in the national system is related to stability at banks. Borio (2003) argued that there were two approaches to ensure stability, which is the model of macro and micro safety factors, including geopolitical risks. The understanding of the impact of geopolitical risks on bank stability has great theoretical and practical significance for countries to accurately recognize the risks and policy mutual planning.
Application to stabilize the banking system to promote economic development. Seeing that it is becoming increasingly important to study geopolitical risks from an economic perspective, the author has launched the study "The impact of geopolitical risk on bank stability". Research goals and tasks e Research goals Analyze the impact of geopolitical risks on bank stability. More precisely,this study aims to investigate the level of related geopolitical risks and bank stability.
Since then the author proposes solutions to solve problems. e Research tasks - Systematize theoretical issues of geopolitical risks, bank stability and relationship between geopolitical risks and bank stability; - Analyze the impact of geopolitical risks on bank stability; - Based on the influence of geopolitical risks on bank stability to propose and propose solutions for countries to see the exact risks and policy planning. Research question With the objectives and research tasks presented, this study will answer 2 research questions as follows: Question 1: Do geopolitical risks affect bank stability? Question 2: What is the level of impact on geopolitical risks on bank stability? Question 3: What solutions to reduce the impact of geopolitical risks on bank stability? 1. Research data and method e Methods of collecting and processing secondary data Collect, systematize and analyze secondary information from available documents on the contents related to the research topic, including: - Theoretical basis of geopolitical risks, bank stability; - Studies on the effects of geopolitical risks on the economy, especially profitability, risk, and stability of the bank and other relevant contents.
e Methods of collecting and processing primary data 7 The geopolitical risk index is extracted from Caldara and Iacoviello (2018). The macroeconomic indicators are collected from the data set of the World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). This thesis uses data from banks from 106 countries from 2011-2021. The author uses the financial statements data of commercial banks in the world from Refinitiv database.
Quantitative research using Stata 17 software. Contribution of research The author's research has contributed to existing studies. Specifically: Firstly, this study adds empirical evidence on the impact of geopoliticalrisks on bank stability, contributing to consolidating some more studies recently, for example, research on: Bank credit (Demir & Danisman, 2021), Bank's performance (Alsagr & Almazor, 2020), Cash holding policy (Kotcharin & Maneenop, 2020; Wang etal. Secondly, through interactive variables, this research supplements experimental evidence in more accurately reflecting the role of intermediate factors on the relationship between geopolitical risks and stability.
Experimental evidence will be helpful for bank managers in developing appropriate policies and decisions, helping the bank overcome geographical and political instability to improve talent stability. It is in the long term. Structure of the study The study is divided into 5 chapters. In chapter I, the thesis presents the reasons for research, research objectives, research questions, scope, research content, general presentation of research methods, thesis contributions on Scientific and practical side, presenting the dissertation's layout.
In chapter II, the study presents the theoretical basis of geopolitical risks, bank stability and relationship between them; Summarizing and arranging the previous research articles and then making the theory of the research and conclusions chapter II. In chapter III, the study proposes the research model, the sign of the expectation of the expectations of the variable used in research models, determining the research method is applied in the thesis, describing research data and conclusions chapter III In chapter IV, the study presents the research results of each tissue The image includes description statistics, correlation analysis, appropriate model selection tests, model defect testing and regression results of each model, then discuss the research results and conclusion chapter IV. In chapter V, the study summarizes the achieved results, proposed solutions. CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND LITERATURE REVIEW 2.
Overview of geopolitical risk 2. Definition According to Caldara and Iacoviello (2018), geopolitical risk (GPR) is defined as the risk associated with terror threats, war threats, nuclear threats and military build-ups between states or countries that disrupt the usual, peaceful conduct of international affairs. On the other hand, according to Geopolitical Futures, geopolitical risks are defined as the potential political, economic, military, and social risks that can emerge from a nation’s involvement in international affairs. Typically, they emerge whenever there is a major shift in power, a conflict, or a crisis.
These risks can have far-reaching implications for both the country itselfand the global community at large. There are many factors that can contribute to geopolitical risks, such as a nation’s economic stability, its political relations with other countries, and its military strength. In recent years, globalization has also played a role in exacerbating these risks by increasing the interconnectedness of the world’s economies and societies. The nature and content of geopolitical risk Geopolitical risk is mainly the study of geographical aspects of political risk, that is, starting from the political system to observe the phenomenonof geopoliticalrisk, would still return to the political risk level of analysis (APSA Annual Conference,2011).
Therefore, the nature of the geopolitical risk is the analysis of political risk but the international environment and the interaction between geographic, and this relationship will change with the geographical environment and acts on the interpretation of the nature of change varies. Such as geopolitical scholars Parker interpreted itas "members of the community structure by analyzing the overall reality of space and the interaction of location" Agnew thought that there are two core concepts ofgeopolitics, namely, geography and politics, the former refers to the geographical space of a table like the knowledge that "the world is what", the latter means access to world power as a strategic thinking, that is, "what should we do it". It can be seen that geopolitical risk concepts are often as results of the research, analysis about home country, eonomic, social, cultural and other subjective environment, and is different and for their own national security awareness and foreign policy considerations, naturally easy to form the diverse and subjective qualities. In other words, according to Geopolitical Futures, 10 geopolitical risks are the potential political, economic, military, and social risks that can emerge from a nation’s involvement in international affairs.
Political Risk in Geopolitics Political risks can arise from a number of issues, including disputes over territory, resources, or ideology. They can also be the result of a country’s foreign policy decisions, which can unintentionally escalate tensions with other nations. In recent years, a number of geopolitical hotspots have emerged around the world. These are regions where the risk of conflict is particularly high and where tensions are constantly simmering below the surface.
Some ofthe most notable hotspots include the South China Sea, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe. We’ve analyzed many of these issues and situations at length, and George himself had made successful predictions, such as with the conflict between Ukraine and Russia, which George predicted nearly a decade before Putin sent troops across the border into Ukraine. As youcan imagine, these geopolitical risks and their preceding events can havea great influence on the private sector, that of the affected region, and the global market as a whole.