MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING QUY NHON UNIVERSITY TRẦN ÁI VI AN INVESTIGATION INTO STYLISTIC DEVICES IN ENGLISH CONTEMPORARY SHORT STORIES Field: English Linguistics Code: 8.01 Supervisor: HÀ THANH HẢI, Ph. e BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUY NHƠN TRẦN ÁI VI NGHIÊN CỨU CÁC BIỆN PHÁP TU TỪ TRONG TRUYỆN NGẮN ĐƯƠNG ĐẠI TIẾNG ANH Chuyên ngành: Ngôn ngữ Anh Mã số: 8.01 Người hướng dẫn: TS. HÀ THANH HẢI e i STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I certify that the substance of this thesis has not already been submitted for any degree and is not currently being submitted for any other degree or award. I also declare that any help received to successfully complete this thesis, and all sources employed, have been acknowledged in this thesis.
Binh Dinh, 2021 Tran Ai Vi e ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many individuals both academically and personally have been considered as important parts of my journey. Without their support, the accomplishment of my study would have never been perfect. First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my respectable supervisor, Dr. Ha Thanh Hai for his considerable encouragement, timely enlightenment through valuable comments on every piece of my work.
Thanks to his great experience on Stylistic Devices, I have been expertly guided throughout the thesis. And without his support, my study could not be perfectly completed. I genuinely appreciate and learn a great deal from his intellectuality, dedication, and professionalism. Additionally, I would like to thank all the lecturers of my master‟s course at Quy Nhon University, who helped me to upgrade my knowledge and my skills of Linguistics during my course.
They all definitely play a vital role in enriching my high interest in linguistic research to further explore other aspects of both the English and Vietnamese languages. I am also indebted to the authors and experts whose works have been cited in the Literature Review part of my study. Last but not least, my special thanks are extended to my family, my friends who always stand by me, motivate and support me to participate in this course, and fully concentrate on completing the course and my thesis, and confidently overcome all the challenges and obstacles during the time of my study. e iii ABSTRACT The thesis is a study of identifying the types and functions of figures of speech in English contemporary short stories.This study is aimed to examine types of figures of speech and investigate the significant of them into in English contemporary short stories.
A combination of descriptive, quantitative and qualitative methods is employed to use for data analysis. The data of this research is 20 English contemporary short stories of the U.S and England from 2000 to 2019.The study points out that there are ten of twelve types of figures of speech found based on Perrine‟s theory, namely metaphor, simile, personification, metonymy, synecdoche, symbol, paradox, overstatement, understatement, and irony. Simile is the most frequently used, and metonymy ranks at the lowest point in the data of study. As for the effects they create for the stories, there are four functions of these figures of speech found based on Perrine‟s theory: to afford imaginative pleasure, to bring an additional imagery, to add emotional intensity, and to say much in a brief compass.The study hopefully contributes to the procedure of teaching, and learning English in particular and encourages them to use the stylistic device in writing to make their written papers more beautiful and attractive.
e iv TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS. Aims and objectives of the study. Scope of the study.
Significance of the Study. Design of the study. The Definition of Figure of Speech. Types of Figure Speeches.
Functions of figures of speech. Contemporary short stories. Features of short stories. Reliability and validity.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION. The types of stylistic devices in 20 English contemporary short stories. The functions of stylistic devices in 20 English contemporary short stories. To afford imaginative pleasure.
To bring an additional imagery. To add emotional intensity. To say much in a brief compass. Summary of Findings.
Recommendation for further study. 57 e vi LIST OF TABLES Table 4. General view of types and functions of figures of speech. The frequency of figures of speech in 20 short stories.
Rationale Language may refer either to the specifically human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of communication, or to a specific instance of such a system of complex communication. The scientific study of language in any of its senses is called linguistics. It has brought to the subject of semantics a certain degree of analysis combined with a view of the study of meaning as an integrated component within the total theory of how language works. When we study about linguistic, we will know about semantics which study the meaning.
In English we know that meaning has important position to study because it will create some effects when someone tries to understand what the speakers or the writers mean. When creating a piece of writing as a literary text, the writer has to use words to express his denotative and connotative meanings. To have good quality of art, a writer not only has to use words effectively, colorfully but also has to use stylistic devices to make his writing more interesting and more persuasive. In literature and writing, using stylistic devices gives an auxiliary meaning, idea, or feeling.
Indeed, the frequent use of stylistic devices is an important element to make the literature more attractive and lively. Particularly, the use of stylistic devices in their written papers has great impact on the readers. Under stylistics, figure of speech is one of language style aspects commonly discussed. Also under stylistics, language style can be seen as figurative language through figures of speech.
Leech & Short (2007) pointed e 2 out that figures of speech are the features which are foregounded by virtue of departing in some way from general norms of communication by means of the language code. Indeed, many researches have been done on figures of speech of literary texts like poems (Perrine, 1987), prose texts (Leech & Short, 2007), and short stories (Abet, 2019). This domain of research is spread to the setting of education for student researchers as well (Simpson, 2004). It can be said that most of the studies made a great effort to understand the famous writer and their typical works like Hemingway‟s novels, O‟Henry‟s short stories, or Emily Dickinson „s poems.
It is clear that short stories not only use denotative meaning to express message from the author but also connotative meaning which is used to express agreement, disagreement, happiness, unhappiness, etc, conveyed to the listeners or readers. Many kinds of figures of speech give us so much information in which they use non literal meaning of words. For example, some sentences in the story use figurative language to make it more beautiful, interesting and imaginative. Figurative language is language using figures of speech (a way of saying one thing and meaning another).
There are many types of figurative language such as: metaphor, simile, symbols, hyperbola, irony, etc. But in general, the figurative language is differentiated into 3 groups in terms of their meanings by comparison, by association and by contrast. These figurative languages are famous in society, and also in the field of education starting from elementary school up to the university level (Simpson, 2004). The proved importance of understanding the stylistic devices or figures of speech in literary texts and the insufficient analysis in contemporary short stories encouraged the author of this thesis to conduct the study on stylistic devices used in English contemporary short stories from 2000 to 2019 to e 3 detect the styles of the modern short story writers.
Aims and objectives of the study 1. Aims This study aims to detect the typical figures of speech used in English contemporary short stories to enable enable the learners of English to understand English contemporary short stories thoroughly. Besides, the study also find out the functions of these stylistic devices in these stories in terms of aesthetic view. Objectives In order to achieve these aims, I try to fulfill the following objectives: - To investigate stylistic devices in English contemporary short stories.
- To interpret the functions of these figures of speech in English contemporary short stories. Research questions In order to achieve the above aim and objectives, the research collect and analyze the data in order to answer the following questions: 1. What are common stylistic devices used in English contemporary short stories? 2. What are the functions of these stylistic devices? 1.
Scope of the study There are different types of stories, like novels, short stories, flash fiction, short fiction challenges,. However, I mainly focus on English contemporary short stories for some reasons. Firstly, choosing 20 English contemporary short stories with different authors helps the research be more precise. Each author has a special style.
Secondly, I want to investigate various topics instead of just one topics. Besides, within the framework of this minor thesis, I mainly focus on English contemporary short stories of the U.S e 4 and England from 2000 to 2019. 20 English contemporary short stories are collected mainly from Internet. This study focuses on 12 figures of speeches as stylistic devices in English contemporary short stories categorized by Perrine (1987).
Moreover, all over the world, there are many varieties of English such as British English, Indian English, United States English, etc. However, the thesis only focuses on contemporary short stories of the U.S and England because this is the main source of English and this thesis can figure out the beauty of English linguistics as a native language. Significance of the Study Theoretically, the research will provide a systematic insight into lexical stylistic devices in English contemporary short stories. Practically, the research is expected to be a valuable contribution to the teaching and learning of English stylistics in general and of stylistic devices in English contemporary short stories in particular.
Through the study on the use of stylistic devices in English contemporary short stories, the learners recognize and achieve the beauty of using language in writing stories. Moreover, it will not only help them get better understanding of English contemporary short stories language but also provides them with some necessary techniques in the use of words in writing papers. As a result, their experience will certainly facilitate their English language learning so that they will be able to learn more accurately and effectively. Stylistic devices are used not only in English contemporary short stories but also in everyday life as well.
Understanding stylistic devices in contemporary short stories help both writers write a lot of successful short stories and readers understand the hidden message under the words so that they can read the short stories more quickly and accurately. Design of the study The study is organized into five chapters as follows: Chapter 1 presents the rationale, aims and objectives, research questions, scope of the study, significance of the study, and design of the study. Chapter 2 is a summary of the theory, including not only definitions of stylistic devices, figures of speeches and contemporary short stories but also mainly focusing on the types and the functions of figures of speech. Then, a concise review of the previous studies related to the issues under investigation is also indicated.
Chapter 3 is a description of research method and procedure, data collection, data analysis and reliability ad validity will be fully described. Chapter 4 deals with finding and analyzing the types of figures of speech used in 10 English contemporary short stories. Besides, four functions of figures of speech are clearly discussed. Chapter 5, Conclusion and Implications, provides a brief summary of the research findings, and mentions the limitations of the research.