MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY ------------------------ NGUYEN THI HAI YEN MOTIVES AND BARRIERS TO THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF SMES CASE STUDY OF “NGHIA NIPPERS CORPORATION” THESIS FOR MASTER OF EMBA EXECUTIVE MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Ho Chi Minh City - 2017 123doc MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY ------------------------ NGUYEN THI HAI YEN MOTIVES AND BARRIERS TO THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF SMES CASE STUDY OF “NGHIA NIPPERS CORPORATION” Major: Business Administration (Executive MBA) Code: 60340102 THESIS FOR MASTER OF EMBA EXECUTIVE MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Academic Instructor: PR.DR HO DUC HUNG Ho Chi Minh City - 2017 123doc Statement of Authentication I hereby declare that the work presented in this thesis is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, original. The ideas and quotes taken from external sources are duly acknowledged in the text. The material, either in full or in part, has not been previously submited to any other institution. Ho Chi Minh City, 2017 Nguyen Thi Hai Yen 123doc Table of Contents Statement of Authentication List of Figures List of Tables Abstract .1 Background of Research .2 Research purposes and research questions .3 Limitations and implications .4 Outline of the thesis .7 Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework .1 Definition of Internationalization.2 Theories of Internationalization .1 Economic approach of internationalization .2 Behavioral approach of internationalization .3 Latest internationalization approaches .29 Chapter 3 Methodological part.1 Definition of Methodology .2 Choice of philosophical position.3 Formulating the research design .7 Quality of the research issues.42 Chapter 4 Empirical part .1 Presentation of the company “Nghia Nippers Corporation” .2 The results of the interviews .1 Characteristics of the firm .2 Characteristics of owner/manager of the company .3 Sources of information .4 Entry mode and market selection .8 Advantages and Disadvantages of export activities .1 History of companies activities .2 Motives and barriers .1 Internationalization process of “ Nghia Nippers Corporation” .2 Motives of the internationalization of Nghia Nippers Corp.58 Chapter 6 Discussion and Conclusions .2 Summary of the study .3 Suggestions for the future research .62 Bibliography Appendix 1: Interview Guide Appendix 2: The company logotype and Product Lists for export Appendix 3: Quotation form Appendix 4: Purchasing Order (PO) Appendix 5: Profomar Invoice (PI) Appendix 6: Sales Contract Appendix 7: Commercial Invoice Appendix 8: Packing List Appendix 9: Certificate of Origin (C/O) Appendix 10: Bill of Lading (B/L) Appendix 11: Air Way Bill (AWB) Appendix 12: Customs Clearance (in Vietnamese) Appendix 13: Posters used of NNC in an international trade fair 123doc List of Figures Figure 1.1 The structure of the master thesis.
1 Firm’s specific advantages needed when entering foreign markets according to Dunning’s eclectic theory. 2 Internationalization process of the firm. 3 Born Global conceptual framework. 4 An example of an international network .5 Pre-internationalization: initiation of SME internationalization.
1 The research process plan. 1 Revenues of Nghia Nippers Corp in 2016. 2 Chronology of firm’s activities (developed by author). 3 Export Revenue of Nghia Nippers Corporation in 2016 .53 123doc List of Tables Table 2.
1 The main internal and external variables both approaches to internationalization theory focuses on. 2 The International List Product Life Cycle Model. 3 Innovation-related internationalization models. 4 Major motives for starting export.
1 Implications of social constructionism. 2 Relevant situations for different research strategies. 1 Comparative characteristics of firms .56 123doc 1 MOTIVES AND BARRIERS TO THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF SMES CASE STUDY OF “NGHIA NIPPERS CORPORATION” Abstract This master thesis exposes findings for the research questions of kinds of motives and barriers impacting on the firm’s internationalization process. From these outcomes, it shows the purpose of increasing the knowledge and provides insights on how internationalization affects SMEs in general and in the Vietnamese company “ Nghia Nippers Corporation” in particular.
Empirical results which are received from the interviews with the leader and owner of the company were summarized, structured and prepared for analysis. The main findings of the study represent the description of motives and barriers of the internationalization process of “Nghia Nippers Corporation”. All of these theories, approaches developed and findings are aimed to interpret the internationalization process which takes place, when a firm makes a decision to join export activities. They can be not only valuable information sources for reference but also a good guideline for consideration for the similar companies which are able to carry out global trade.
Key Words: Nghia Nippers Corporation, SMEs, Internationalization theories, Internationalization process, Motives, barrier,. 123doc 2 Chapter 1 Introduction Changes in the world environment are bringing totally new opportunities and threats to firms and individuals. The challenge is to compete successfully in the global marketplace as it exists today and develops tomorrow. Internationalization or International trade develops when certain countries are able to produce some goods more efficiently than other countries and start to join the world wide trade.
They exchange goods to satisfy their needs and wants. Moreover, the motives are increased and barriers are removed gradually when more and more trade agreements have been discussing and signed. The developing of information technology, logistics, transportation, facilities, internet, education, and labor forces also effect much to internationalization trend. Nowadays, many countries are independent and have own their economics policies which are more opened.
The commerce around the world continued to expand faster than world gross national product and this promoted to increase importance of international markets.1 Background of Research These days, while as many as barriers of trading among countries are removed for free trade activities, many companies are desiring to gain benefits or advantages from doing international business. Many studying about internationalization with a purpose to explain why and how companies internationalize. There were also a lot of debates about existing theories of the internationalization process of the firm. But all of them had a goal to explain internationalization processes which take place, when a firm makes a decision to expand across national borders.
I have worked in international trading for many years and so interesting to know why and when a company decide to do business with the world and how this process happens; What problems and challenges which a company faces when starting this process. Those are the reasons why I choose this topic for my study. Nghia Nippers Corporation is a famous and middle-sized company which is successful in this internationalization process with nearly 2,000 people and export revenue annual more than US dollars 1 million. It has more than 15 year experience in export.
So, I decide to choose it as my case study. Coviello and McAuley (1999) notice that before 1990s there were a common opinion that Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) have limited possibilities for expanding their activities abroad. SMEs have limited financial and administrative resources in comparison with the large firms. Often SMEs do not have enough information resources, because of limited network connections.
These factors had a big influence on the role of SMEs in the international marketing activities and were the reason why SMEs considered to be unlikely to internationalize (Bilkey and Tesar, 1977). Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are defined in the EU recommendation 2003/361. The main factors determining whether an enterprise is an SME are: 123doc 4 1. staff headcount and 2.
either turnover or balance sheet total. Company category Staff headcount Turnover or Balance sheet total Medium-sized < 250 ≤ € 50 m ≤ € 43 m Small < 50 ≤ € 10 m ≤ € 10 m Micro < 10 ≤€2m ≤€2m During 1990s and further different researches began to describe another way of internationalization process of SMEs (Knight and Cavusgil, 1996). SMEs became a significant part of advanced market economies and transitions economies (Fillis, 2001). Studies show that many firms managed to reach international markets with a high rapidity and a fast resource commitments.
These firms were often created by persons with international experience from their background that is an important reason for initial process of the internationalization of the firm (Madsen and Servais, 1997). Description of the internationalization process of the firm includes several considerable parts, such as a formulating a proper strategy to enter new market, choice of a market entry mode, consideration of possible risks, uncertainties and barriers which the firm can face during the whole process. Market knowledge is one of the most important elements for creating a good strategy for becoming a participant of international market. There are other factors which also should be taken into account, such as manager’s skills, financial resources, experience, human resource, age and size of the firm, products, etc.
Thus, before deciding a proper process of internationalization for company to carry out, every company should 123doc 5 consider all of relevant factors internal and external to have suitable evaluation of motives, resistance or barriers to this process in their business.2 Research purposes and research questions The research purposes of this master thesis are Analyzing, Evaluating Motives and Resistance to the Internationalization of Nghia Nippers Corporation (Nghia Nippers Corp. or NNC) - one of middle size and famous organizations of Vietnam in order to have a valuable reference about international process and affecting elements, then through that recommend solutions or suggestions. In order to reach these purposes, the following research questions will be used to guide me during of the study process: 1. What kind of motives can have impact on the decision of the firm to internationalize? 2.
What kind of barriers can the firm face during internationalization process? To accomplish the task I will analyze the company “Nghia Nippers Corporation”, which has a main office in Tan Binh Dist. and 3 factories in Cu Chi province, Hoc Mon Dist. and Long An province.3 Limitations and implications There are external and internal factors which have an influence on the internationalization process of the firm. As a result, this process can differ in different companies in different countries, because of differences in company’s technologies, business culture, owner and manager of the company, economic conditions, infrastructure, etc.
Thus, the main limitation of the study is that I would describe internationalization process of a particular company in Vietnam. However, in spite of this limitation, this study can be relevant for other future investigations in 123doc 6 this area while Vietnam is a developing country. It is a member of 63 International organizations such as APEC, ASEM, ASEAN, WTO, UNESCO,. It also has joined several FTAs (Free Trade Agreement): FTAs signed TPP ASEAN ASEAN - India ASEAN – Australia/New Zealand ASEAN – Korea ASEAN – Japan ASEAN – China Vietnam – Japan Vietnam - Chile Vietnam – Korea Vietnam - Eurasian Economic Union Vietnam – EU FTAs unsigned RCEP (ASEAN+6) Vietnam – Israel Vietnam – EFTA (Source: VCCI) 123doc 7 It means that this research can be applicable for companies in the countries, which are member of the same associations and have similar business conditions when evaluating or considering of a process of internationalization.4 Outline of the thesis This master thesis includes many parts.
There are Introduction, Theoretical chapter, Methodological Part, Empirical chapter, Analytical and discussion chapter and Conclusions. Its structure is showed on the figure 1. Introduction Theoretical framework Methodological part Empirical Findings Analysis and discussion Conclusions Figure 1.1 The structure of the master thesis 123doc 8 Introduction states the background of the topic, research purposes, research questions, limitations and implications of study. Theoretical chapter includes important and relevant internationalization theories.
These theories were chosen as the most significant theories, which describe the internationalization process of the firm. Methodological chapter discusses methodological and philosophical issues of the master thesis. It also has description of data collection and research design. Empirical chapter writes about main empirical findings which were discovered during the interviews with the leader of the company “Nghia Nippers Corporation”.
Chapter of analysis and discussion gives out findings of the research by analyzing it through the prism of theoretical framework.