MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRADING STATE BANK OF VIETNAM HO CHI MINH UNIVERSITY OF BANKING GRADUATION THESIS FACTORS AFFECTING STOCK PRICES OF COMMERCIAL BANKS LISTED IN VIETNAM’S STOCK MARKET MAJOR: FINANCE - BANKING MAJOR CODE: 7340201 DANG THI ANH DUONG HO CHI MINH CITY, 2024 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRADING STATE BANK OF VIETNAM HO CHI MINH UNIVERSITY OF BANKING GRADUATION THESIS FACTORS AFFECTING STOCK PRICES OF COMMERCIAL BANKS LISTED IN VIETNAM’S STOCK MARKET MAJOR: FINANCE - BANKING MAJOR CODE: 7340201 STUDENT’S FULL NAME: DANG THI ANH DUONG STUDENT’S ID NUMBER: 050608200292 CLASS: HQ8 – GE08 GRADUATION THESIS’S SUPERVISIOR DR. NGUYEN DUY LINH HO CHI MINH CITY, 2024 i ABSTRACT The thesis titled "FACTORS AFFECTING STOCK PRICES OF COMMERCIAL BANKS LISTED IN VIETNAM’S STOCK MARKET" will examine the relationship between bank specific factors, and macro factors and stock prices of commercial banks listed in Vietnam’s stock market. This study collected panel data of 18 commercial banks from the first quarter of 2015 to the fourth quarter of 2023. The stock price of banks is considered the dependent variable, with gross domestic product growth rate, inflation rate, and exchange rate analyzed as macroeconomic factors; while earnings per share, price to earnings ratio, banks’ size, and return on assets are selected as bank specific determinants.
The research utilized STATA 17.0 software to analyze the relationship between the explanatory variables and stock prices of commercial banks listed in Vietnam’s stock market. The results indicate that return on assets, price to earnings ratio, and currency exchange rate have a negative impact on the banks’ stock prices; whereas gross domestic product, inflation rate, earnings per share, and banks’ size have a positive influence on the banks’ stock prices. The research concludes that earnings per share and bank size affect significantly stock prices of commercial banks listed on the Vietnam’s stock market, while return on assets, price-to-earnings ratio, domestic product, currency exchange rate, and inflation rate does not have significant impact on stock prices in the banking sector in Vietnam. Keywords: stock price, commercial banks ii COMMITMENT I assure that my graduation thesis on the topic “Factors affecting stock prices of commercial banks listed in Vietnam’s stock market” is my own research work conducted by author and under the direct guidance by supervisor Dr.
Nguyen Duy Linh, a lecturer of the faculty of finance in Ho Chi Minh University of Banking. The research and analysis results are independent, do not copy any documents and have not been published in any journal nor have they appeared in any studies. The data and sources cited in the study are clearly shown in the reference. The author takes full responsibilities for my honorable pledge.
Ho Chi Minh city, July 4th,2024 Author Dang Thi Anh Duong iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to send my sincere thanks to all lecturers at Ho Chi Minh University of Banking has created favorable conditions for me to participate in writing my graduation thesis this time. In particular, I would like to express my deep gratitude to the lecturer Dr. Nguyen Duy Linh, who wholeheartedly gave me feedback and direction during the process of implementing my graduation thesis. In the process of conducting this study, I will certainly not avoid shortcomings.
Therefore, I look forward to receiving your understanding, suggestions and further instructions to improve my topic. Finally, I wish all lecturers good health and success in their careers in life. Ho Chi Minh city, July 4th, 2024 Author Dang Thi Anh Duong iv CONTENTS ABSTRACT .1 Reasons for choosing the topic .3 Research subject and scope .1 Data collection methods.2 Data analysis methods .6 Structure of research. LITERATURE REVIEW AND EMPIRICAL RESEARCH .9 Overview of stock price .10 Overview of factors affecting stock prices of commercial banks listed in Vietnam’s stock market .2 Bank specific factors .22 Research model and hypotheses.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .33 Descriptive statistics of variables .37 Result of model regression .38 Choosing suitable regression model .41 Test defects in the regression model .2 Unrestricted Heteroscedasticity test .3 Fixing regression model defects. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION .54 Limitations and direction of research .1 Limitations of research .2 Recommendation of further research .59 vi CONTENT OF FIGURES Figure 3-1:Flow chart of research process .23 CONTENT OF TABLES Table 2.1: Summary of the variables from empirical studies .2:The influences of the selected variables affecting stock prices from various empirical research summary .1: Descriptive Statistical Results .2: Correlation matrix result .3: Multicollinearity testing result .4: Pooled Linear Regression Model - POLS.5: Fixed Effects Model (FEM) .6: Random Effects Model (REM) .7: Breusch Pagan Test for choosing between Pooled OLS and REM regression .8: Hausman test for selecting between FEM model and REM model .9: Wooldridge test result .10: Breusch and Pagan Lagrangian multiplier test for heteroskedasticity.11: Feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) model. INTRODUCTION In this chapter 1, this study is going to introduce the reason for selecting the topic, objectives, subjects, scope and research methodology. Reasons for choosing the topic Nowadays, stock investment is widely accepted as one of the sources of financial income for investors and organizations.
One of the factors that attract investors' attention is stock prices on the stock market when they make investment decisions (Trương, 2014). The banking system is always crucial to the nation’s economy which not only determines whether the financial system in that nation succeeds or fails, but also measures the health of that country’s economy. The banking system's activities are directly linked to people and businesses. Specifically, the banking system has the role of ensuring that it meets the credit capital needs of the economy, especially focusing credit capital on production and business, always being proactive, actively supporting and sharing difficulties with citizens, businesses, etc., and also playing a role in promoting international trade domestically and internationally.
In recent years, the stocks of commercial banks have attracted the interest of many domestic and foreign individual and institutional investors. According to the study of Nguyen and Le (2020), this group of stocks is known as the group of stocks with large market capitalization on the stock exchange, but it is also a group of stocks that are always expected to recover and take the lead in the market. According to statistics, by the end of 2023, the total capitalization of the banking industry would have reached 1.79 million billion VND, accounting for more than 30% of the total market capitalization. As of April 2024, there are 27 commercial banks listed on the 3 main stock exchanges of the Vietnamese stock market; specifically, the HOSE has 18 commercial banks listed, the HNX has 2 commercial banks listed, and 7 commercial banks listed on UPCOM.
2 Bank stock prices have always fluctuated according to the development flow of the Vietnamese economy and the world economy since being listed on the Vietnam stock exchange. In recent years, stock prices have shown sensitivity to economic fluctuations. Stocks of the bank sector reacted strongly to COVID-19 developments in Vietnam from 2019 to 2021; however, solutions to support production and business, along with positive signals from banks, significantly reduced the negative consequences of the pandemic on stock prices. As a result, the stock prices of commercial banks have continued to maintain and develop well (Phan et al.
Vietnam's financial market experienced rapid fluctuations due to the conflict between Russia and Ukraine in 2022, particularly notable in the stock market with price declines. According to Pham (2022), financial and banking services, especially for banks, are characterized by high interest rates that reduce lending capacity, increase capital mobilization costs, and decrease profitability. These factors led to unusual fluctuations in the stock prices of commercial banks listed on the Vietnamese stock market, creating disadvantages and risks for participants. There have been many studies showing that the stock prices of banking groups on the Vietnamese stock market are affected not only by macro factors but also by micro determinants.
Research by Kim & Trinh (2022) researches macroeconomic determinants affecting stock prices of the banking industry in the period January 2016 to January 2022, or study by Dinh et.al (2020) determined and measured the influence of seven macro factors on the stock price of VietcomBank commercial bank from 2014 to 2019. Besides, there are also many studies that determine the link between firm-specific representative variables and the share price of commercial banks, as researched by Nguyen and Le (2020) in the period from 2010 to 2018. It can be seen that there are currently many studies conducted in Vietnam on the determinants influencing the values of bank stocks that are listed on the stock exchange, particularly for the years 2012 to 2023. To ensure updated data, the author identifies this as a research gap in the study and establishes the research problem.
In addition, research is conducted to examine and determine factors affecting the price 3 of shares of the commercial banking industry on the Vietnamese stock market, then suggest recommendations from the research results that are necessary for not only investors but also useful for bank and government authorities in order to make investment decisions and improve the position of bank stocks in the market. This is also the reason why the author carried out the topic "Factors affecting stock prices of commercial banks listed in Vietnam’s stock market".1 General objectives The general objectives of the research are to investigate factors affecting stock prices of commercial banks listed in Vietnam’s stock market, thereby proposing some related implications based on the findings in this research.2 Specific objectives To achieve the general objectives, the thesis has to solve the following specific objectives: Firstly, identifying the factors that affect stock prices of commercial banks listed in Vietnam’s stock market. Secondly, analyzing the influence of the determinants of stock prices of commercial banks listed in vietnam’s stock market. Thirdly, proposing and recommending policy implications according to the result of the forecast.
Research Questions To achieve the following specific objectives, the thesis has to solve the following specific questions: What are the factors affecting the stock prices of commercial banks listed in Vietnam’s Stock Market? 4 How do these factors affect the stock price of commercial banks listed in Vietnam’s stock market? What are critical policy implications for investors, bank managers based on the relationship between stock prices and factors affecting stock prices of commercial banks listed in Vietnam’s stock market? Research subject and scope 1.1 Research subject The research subject of this study is stock prices and determinants affecting stock prices of commercial banks listed in Vietnam’s stock market.2 Research scope Scope of spatial research: There are 27 commercial banks listed in Vietnam’s stock market. However, the study will use data from 18 commercial banks that are listed on the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE) and Hanoi Stock Exchange (HNX) in the period from the quarter 1 of 2015 to the quarter 4 of 2023. The reason the author choose data from HNX and HOSE since the data of commercial banks listed in these stock exchanges maintaining stability over time. There are some commercial banks having plans to trade shares in a new stock exchange in 2023, this may lead to sharp fluctuations in stock prices.
Scope of time research: The research secondary dataset was collected from the quarter 1 of 2015 to the quarter 4 of 2023. This is the period help the paper to investigate the fluctuation of stock prices of commercial banks in recent years in accordance with many economic events in Vietnam in particular and in the world in general.1 Data collection methods Secondary data includes data on 18 commercial banks listed on the Vietnam’s stock market from the quarter 1 of 2015 to the quarter 4 of 2023. Firm – specific data is collected and calculated based on financial reports of selected banks; while a few macroeconomic variables such as gross domestic product growth rate, inflation rate and exchange rate collected from the World Bank, VietstockFinane and the General Statistics Office of Vietnam (GSO).