MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING QUY NHON UNIVERSITY LÊ THỊ SÂM CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS IN “THE CALL OF THE WILD” BY JACK LONDON AND THEIR VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION BY HOÀNG HÀ VŨ FIELD: English Linguistics CODE: 8 22 02 01 Supervisor: Assoc. NGUYỄN TẤT THẮNG BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUY NHƠN LÊ THỊ SÂM ẨN DỤ Ý NIỆM TRONG TÁC PHẨM “THE CALL OF THE WILD” CỦA JACK LONDON VÀ BẢN DỊCH TIẾNG VIỆT CỦA HOÀNG HÀ VŨ Chuyên ngành: Ngôn Ngữ Anh Mã số: 8 22 02 01 Ngƣời hƣớng dẫn: PGS. NGUYỄN TẤT THẮNG i STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP Except where reference is made in the text of the thesis, this study contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a thesis by which I have qualified for or been awarded another degree or diploma. I certify that all the material in this study that is not my own work has been identified and acknowledged.
No material is included for which a degree has already been conferred upon me. This paper has not been submitted for the award of any degree or diploma in any university. Binh Dinh, 2021 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Upon completing the thesis, I am gratefully indebted to my supervisor Nguyễn Tất Thắng for his valuable suggestions, advices and corrections during my writing.A thesis is one of the most challenging and significant academic challenges to me. This thesis would not be done without support from the teacher.
I also wish to express my sincere thanks to my lecturers at Quy Nhon University for their insightful comments and suggestions. I also take this opportunity to all of my friends for their support and encouragement during the thesis preparation. I must acknowledge my debt to the authors whose work I use for my reference. Finally, I would like to show my deep gratitude to my family members for their great support, encouragement, love and unshakeable trust, without which my thesis would not have been accomplished.
iii ABSTRACT This thesis investigates Conceptual Metaphors in the story ―The Call of The Wild‖ by Jack London and their Vietnamese version by Hoàng Hà Vũ to find out the frequencies of three different types and the common mapping patterns used in the story. Quantitative and qualitative methods were the two mains used to analyze the story to get the results and findings of this study based on Lakoff and Johnson's theory of Cognitive Metaphors. The findings show various frequencies of three different types of metaphors. All three kinds appear to help the reader understand the life of wild animals, specifically Buck.
However, the analysis reveals that each type of conceptual metaphor accounts for a different proportion. The ontological metaphor continues the most significant ratio in comparison with Structural and Orientational metaphors. In the meantime, the Orientational metaphor is used with a minor frequency. And thanks to these theory metaphors, we can find out 39 conceptual metaphors with 231 expressions.
Besides, the preferred source domains used to map ―Dogs, Nature, Time, Anger, Love‖ or ―Life, Death‖ with familiar and straightforward images like ―Human, Animal, Water, Food, Light‖. After that, based on the adapted analytical framework on the translation procedures of conceptual metaphors, the loss by Dickins, Hervey & Higgins (2002) and the gain by Basnett (2002), we found out the loss and gain of the conceptual metaphors in ―The Call of the Wild‖ by Jack London when they were translated into Vietnamese by Hoang Ha Vu. The study found various translation procedures, including keeping the same conceptual metaphor, using another conceptual metaphor, deleting the conceptual metaphor and converting the conceptual metaphors. Finally, the results helped us suggest iv some implications for teaching and learning English.
Keywords: conceptual metaphors, translation conceptual metaphor, translation procedures v TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS. viii LIST OF TABLES. ix LIST OF FIGURES.
Aims and objectives. Aims of the study. Objectives of the study. Scope of the study.
Significance of the study. Organization of the study. 4 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW .4 Classification of Conceptual Metaphor. An overview of the story The Call of The Wild.
Biography of Jack London. A brief review of ―The Call of The Wild‖. 38 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION. Quantitative Analysis of Metaphors in ―The Call of The Wild‖ by Jack London.
Qualitative Analysis of Metaphors in ―The Call of The Wild‖. Loss and gain in conceptual metaphors in ―The Call of The Wild‖ by Jack London and ―Tiếng gọi nơi hoang dã‖ by Hoàng Vũ Hà. The same metaphor in ―The Call of The Wild‖ by Jack London and in Hoàng Hà Vũ‘s Vetnamese version. Using a different metaphor.
Converting the conceptual metaphor. The loss of metaphor in ―The Call of The Wild‖ by Jack London and in Hoàng Hà Vũ‘s Vetnamese version. 66 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS. Implications for language teaching and learning.
Suggestions for further research. 72 APPENDIX viii CONVENTIONS (1) – (101): Data numbered from 1 to 101 [ E-1] – [E-101]: Data samples coded from E-1 to E-101 For example: (13) His madness knew no caution. This is the thirteenth example extracted from the English data which coded E-3. ix LIST OF TABLES Table Title Page number Types of conceptual metaphors and their occurrence 4.1 39 frequency used in ―The Call of The Wild.‖ Subtypes of ontological metaphor and their occurrence 4.2 40 frequency used in ―The Call of The Wild.‖ The frequency of structural metaphors in ―The Call of 4.3 54 The Wild‖ by Jack London The same metaphor in ―The Call of The Wild‖ and its 4.4 59 Vietnamese version Using a different metaphor in ―The Call of The Wild‖ 4.5 62 and its Vietnamese version Converting the conceptual metaphor in ―The Call of The 4.6 63 Wild‖ and its Vietnamese version The loss of metaphor metaphors in ―The Call of The 4.7 64 Wild‖ and in Hoàng Hà Vũ‘s Vietnamese version x LIST OF FIGURES Figure Title Page number The use of container metaphor in ―The Call of The 4.2 Types of translated metaphors in the English version 66 1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.
Rationale Language is a significant way of interacting with people around us. People use it to exchange knowledge, beliefs, opinions, wishes, threats, commands, thanks, promises, declarations, feelings, and so on. In an increasingly globalized and interconnected world, English is essential to every field of modern life. Everyone needs to learn the language to get in touch on an international level because it is the dominant language in science, business, tourism, entertainment, medicine, etc.
One of the exciting features of language study is the use of metaphors. Metaphoric language has the dual function of reminding us of pervasive patterns of experience while alerting us to new conceptual and aesthetic possibilities. For example, when the poet Ammons writes that A poem is a walk, he employs metaphor to tell us what a poem is (i., a poem is a leisurely, perhaps unpredictable, purposeful journey of the mind and imagination). Many readers familiar with poems may have never thought of poetry this way, and their future experiences in reading poems may be transformed as a result of understanding and appreciating Ammons' words.
Other readers, however, may immediately recognize how they have already experienced poems as kinds of walks and enjoyed Ammons' words precisely because they tap into a rich set of deeply ingrained beliefs. In both cases, metaphor highlights thematic relations that define the world and our experiences of it. Nowadays, we all use metaphors in our writings, whether we can realize it or not. According to the traditional point of view, metaphorical language is very decorative, fantastic and secondary, which helps us understand more 2 about the works while literal language is primary.
However, cognitive linguists have proven that metaphor is pervasive in daily life, not in language but also thought and actions. Metaphors, in the modern view, are a means of understanding a domain of the experience. In life, we have so many ways to convey messages to everyone, one of them is writing stories. In the stories, the author uses many rhetorical measures to emphasize the messages and Jack author.
He‘s famous for his most typical story: The Call of The Wild. Jack London with the story "The Call of the Wild” was published serially by The Saturday Evening Post in 1903. It is often considered his masterpiece and is the most widely read of all of his publications. With the accomplishment, Jack London used metaphors throughout his writing to compare or underscore elements within his characters, settings, or occurrences.
Therefore, I decided to study the: Conceptual metaphor in the story “The Call of the Wild” by Jack London and its Vietnamese translations by Hoàng Hà Vũ. This study attempts to investigate what kinds of conceptual metaphors are used in ―The Call of the Wild‖ by Jack London and its Vietnamese translation. I hope that this research would help Vietnamese learners of English and translators manage better when translating metaphors from Vietnamese into English, recognize and understand metaphors in a new way. They will see that conceptual metaphor are something more familiar with us in our life.
Aims and objectives 1. Aims of the study The study aims to examine the conceptual metaphors of the short novel ―The Call of the Wild‖ by Jack London and their Vietnamese translation by Hoàng Hà Vũ and examine the loss and gain in the Vietnamese translation. Objectives of the study To achieve the aims stated above, the study focused on the following objectives. Firstly, this study identified and classified the conceptual metaphorical expressions used in the story ―The Call of The Wild‖ by Jack London and its Vietnamese translation, and then a quantitative analysis of the metaphors would be made.
Secondly, the study examined the loss and gain in the Vietnamese translation of the conceptual metaphors in this literature work in two languages. Research questions To achieve the above aims and objectives, the researcher attempted to answer the following questions: 1. What types of conceptual metaphors are used in the story ―The Call of The Wild‖ by Jack London and in their Vietnamese translation by Hoàng Hà Vũ? 2. What are the loss and gain of conceptual metaphors in the Vietnamese translation of ―The Call of The Wild‖? 1.
Scope of the study In this study, I analysed the three types of conceptual metaphors: ontological, orientational, and structural. Then I also tried to find out the similarities and the differences of the conceptual metaphors of this literary work in two languages. Due to the limitation of time and ability, the thesis just investigated the definition of metaphor with brief examples, the cognitive metaphors in the story ―The Call of The Wild‖ and their Vietnamese translated version by Hoàng Hà Vũ. Besides, only metaphorical expressions from story ―The Call of The Wild‖ were analyzed thoroughly.
Significance of the study This study is a significant contribution both theoretically and practically. For theoretical value, it shows the usefulness of cognitive theories of metaphor, in which metaphor is not only a device of the poetic imagination and the rhetorical flourish – a matter of extraordinary but also an extremely important tool to conceive the world through human thinking and acting. This tool will help us understand abstract and complex domains by using concrete and simple domains. Practically, this study will contribute to the understanding about Vietnamese idioms and translating them from English into Vietnamese.
In addition, this thesis also takes a remarkable role in teaching and learning. I hope that this research will help Vietnamese learners of English and translators manage better when translating metaphors from Vietnamese into English. Organization of the study There are five main chapters in this study Chapter one, Introduction. It presents the study's rationale and states what it aims at and what specific tasks it solves.