THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY NGUYEN THUY TRANG APPLICATION OF TITANATE NANOTUBES-SILICON DIOXIDE (TNT@SiO2) NANOCOMPOSITE FOR THE ADSORPTION HEAVY METAL (COPPER (II) ION) IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode: Full-time Major: Environmental Science and Management Faculty: International Training and Development Center Batch: 2012-2016 Thai Nguyen, 20/07/2016 n Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name Nguyen Thuy Trang Student ID DTN1253060015 Thesis Title Application of Titanate nanotubes-Silicon dioxide (TNT@SiO2) nanocomposite for the adsorption heavy metal (Copper (II) ion) in aqueous solution. Ruey- an Doong- National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan. Tran Thi Thu Ha- Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Vietnam. Abstract: The objective of this study was to fabricate TNT@SiO2 nanocomposite material with specific surface areas, pore structure for the adsorption heavy metal- Cu(II) ion in aqueous solution.
With a large amount of SiO2 was contained in waste display panel glass combined with TiO2 have the unique morphology, strong oxidative properties, low cost, non-toxicity, chemical and thermal stability through a hydrothermal method. The morphology changed when mixing SiO2 with TiO2 and then the TNT surface area improved, -O-Ti-O-Si- linkage is formed. In addition, TNT@SiO2 nanocomposite is an effective adsorbent heavy metal in aqueous solution. The results demonstrated that 100% Cu(II) ion is absorbed by TNT@SiO2 nanocomposite and separated out of aqueous solution within 30 minutes reaction.
Results obtained in this study clearly show TNT@SiO2 nanocomposite is successful i n for the adsorption heavy metals ion in solution. Keywords TNT@SiO2 nanocomposite , hydrothermal method, adsorption, heavy metal, Cu(II) ion. Number of pages 56 Date of submission 30th August, 2016 Supervisor’s signature ii n ACKNOWLEAGEMENT Firstly, I would like to say thanks to the cooperation between Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry and National Tsing Hua University for providing me an amazing opportunity to internship in Taiwan. It brings me great pleasure to work and submit my thesis for graduation.
I would like to express my deeply gratitude to Prof. Ruey- an Doong whose guidance, encouragement, suggestion and very constructive criticism have contributed immensely to the evolution of my ideas during the project. Without his guidance, I may not have this thesis. I sincerely thanks to Assoc.
Tran Thi Thu Ha for her advices, assistance, sharing experiences before and after I went to Taiwan, helping me to understand and complete proposal and thesis. I am also thankful to Mr. Nguyen Thanh Binh (PhD) and Ms. Khuat Thi Thanh Huyen for teaching me the synthesis of nanotubes and various other techniques and methods used in environmental field.
They were very helpful in providing me constructive feedback and suggestions on my project and helping me to successful complete several of my experiments and report. Without them help and devotion, I would not be able to reach this stage. I am really fortunate to be in Prof. Ruey- an Doong’s lab.
Thanks to all the members in Professor Doong’s laboratory who hearty help me a lot when I work in there. iii n I also thank to my family for providing me emotional, unceasing encouragement and physical and financial support. At last, I would like to thank all those other persons who helped me in completing this report. Because of my lack knowledge, the mistake is inevitable, I am very grateful if I receive the comments and opinions from teachers and others to contribute my report.
Sincerely, Nguyen Thuy Trang iv n TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF FIGURES. 1 LIST OF TABLES. 2 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.Definition and sources of heavy metals: .Characteristics of heavy metals: .Heavy metals pollution in the world and Vietnam. Heavy metals pollution in the soil.
Heavy metals pollution in coastal, marine environment .Effecting of heavy metals to environment and human’s health .The characteristics and health effects of Copper.Method for treament heavy metals in aqueous solutions. Overview of Titanium dioxide: .Titanium oxidation structures and properties: .Overview of SiO2: .Overview of nanocomposite. Definition and characteristics of nanocomposite. SiO2@TNT nanocomposite.
MATERIALS AND METHODS .The synthesis of TNT:.The synthesis of TNT@SiO2 nanocomposite .The methods for determining the characteristics of materials. Scanning Electron Microscopy ( SEM). Transmission Electron Microscopy ( TEM). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ( FTIR).
Atomic absorption spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction of TNT, SiO2 and SiO2@TNT composite. Morphology of TNT, SiO2 and TNT@SiO2 composite. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of SiO2, the synthesis TNT and TNT@SiO2.
Application of TNT@SiO2 for the adsorption Cu(II) ion. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION. 43 vi n LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: Crystal structure of the three forms of titanium dioxide .2 : Crystal structure of SiO2 .2: Some instruments used for this study.1: Schematic of the synthesis TNT .2: Schematic of the synthesis TNT@SiO2 .3 : The samples of Cu(II) ion (10mg/L) and TNT@SiO2 of the adsorption experiment at pH=5 in the different times.1: Schematics of X-ray diffractometer technique used for crystal structure analysis.2: Schematic diagram of SEM .3: Schematic diagram of TEM.5: The effect of pH on Zeta potential .6: Schematic of an atomic-absorption experiment.1: XRD patterns of TNT, SiO2 and SiO2@TNT composite.2 A: SEM images of the synthesis TNT(a) and TNT@SiO2 composite (b).2 B: TEM images of SiO2, the synthesis TNT and TNT@SiO2 composite.3: FTIR spectrum of SiO2, the synthesis TNT and TNT@SiO2.4: The effect of pH to zeta potential of SiO2@TNT .5: The adsorption Cu (II) ion (10mg/L) by TNT@ SiO2 at pH=5 in aqueous solution at room temperature. 39 1 n LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1: Sources of chemical materials.
20 2 n LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS TNT TiO2/ Titanate nanotubes SiO2@TNT or SiO2 + TiO2 nano composite TNT@SiO2 TiO2 + SiO2 nano composite XRD X-Ray Diffraction SEM Scanning Electron Microscopy TEM Transmission Electron Microscopy FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ZP Zeta Potential AAS Atomic absorption spectroscopy 3 n PART I.1 Research rationale: Economic and social development have produced many benefits – raising standards of living and improving quality of life across the world – it has also resulted in the depletion of natural resources, the degradation of ecosystems and environmental issues. Environmental pollution is a controversial issue not only in Vietnam but also in the world. With about 70% of the earth’s cover being water, it undeniably becomes one of our greatest resources. Furthermore, roughly 70% of an adult’s body made up of water.
So, water is very important for human. Water pollution is an appalling issue, powerful enough to lead the world on a path of destruction. Water is an easy solvent, enabling most pollutants to dissolve in it easily and contaminate it. The most basic effect of water pollution is directly suffered by the organisms and vegetation that survive in water, including amphibians.
On a human level, several people die each day due to consumption of polluted water contained heavy metals. Heavy metals are particularly problematic because, unlike most organic contaminants, they are non-biodegradable and can accumulate in living tissues, posing great threat to both human health and ecological environment. The most common heavy metals mainly include mercury, cadmium, lead, chromium, arsenic, zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt, etc. To date, various methods have been proposed for efficient heavy metal removal from waters, including but not limited to coagulation, chemical precipitation, membrane filtration, reverse osmosis, solvent extraction, flotation, ion exchange and adsorption.
But, adsorption is one of the highly selective methods for removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions. This is an economical technique which also offers numerous advantages 4 n resulting from the vast number of available adsorbents. With the development of modern technologies, a very wide range of materials have come to be used as hazardous metal adsorbents, from natural substances to highly selective synthetic systems. Titanium oxide nanotube (TiO2 nanotube/ TNT) is one of the nanostructured oxides with tubular structure.
TiO2 is well known as a wide gap semiconductor oxide, high photocatalytic activity, inexpensive, chemically stable, harmless, large specific surface area and high pore volume, has no absorption in the visible light region, and a potential material for the adsorption of metal ions in aqueous solution. SiO2 was contained in waste panel glass of television, notebook, smartphone etc,. To contribute for protecting the environment, with efforts are being done in recent year to coat TiO2 on high surface area supports such as silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) to improve surface area of TiO2(Hanprasopwattana A et al.,1997; Yuranova T et al. Recent studies showed that TiO2-SiO2 mixed oxides might be good combination to become one of the best catalyst for oxidation reactions ( Yoshida H et al.
Thus, SiO2@TNT nano composite with high specific surface area of TNT is promising in treating contaminated aqueous solution. Considering all aspects and issues mentioned above, I propose research: “Application of Titanate nanotubes-Silicon dioxide (TNT@SiO2) nanocomposite for the adsorption heavy metal ( Copper (II) ion) in aqueous solution. Research’s objectives The objective of this study was to fabricate, investigate and develop of TNT@SiO2 nano composite for the adsorption of Cu (II) ion from aqueous solution. 5 n To further approach and understand about the synthesis process, nanostructures, formation mechanism, various physicochemical characteristics, and evaluate the properties and application for the adsorption of TNT@SiO2 nano composite through a hydrothermal method.
Estimation of the adsorption capacity of some heavy metal ions in aqueous solutions. The characteristics of nano composite materials were determined by XRD, TEM, SEM, FTIR, and AAS. The fabrication of new materials TNT@ SiO2 nano composite will make a significant contribution in waste water treatment and improve the domestic water efficiency as well as contribute to the environmental protection. Research questions What is the characteristics of TNT@SiO2 nano composite? How about the adsorption capacity Cu (II) ion of TNT@SiO2 nano composite in aqueous solution? 1.
Limitations Because the time for an internship was too short, this research project cannot perform any other experiments. Definition and sources of heavy metals: There is not clearly about definition of a heavy metal. But the high densities of native metals such as copper, iron and gold may have been noticed in prehistory (Raymond 1984, p. Heavy metals are found naturally in the earth, and become concentrated as a result of human caused activities.
Common sources are from mining and industrial wastes; vehicle emissions; lead-acid batteries; fertilisers; paints; treated woods; aging water supply infrastructure ( Harvey, Handley & Taylor 2015); and microplastics floating in the world's oceans ( Howell et al., 2012; Cole et al. Heavy metals have a high atomic weight and a density at least 5 times greater than that of water. Heavy metals can be classified into three different types including toxic metals (such as Hg, Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, As, Co, Sn, etc.), precious metals (such as Pd, Pt, Ag, Au, Ru etc.) and radionuclides (such as U, Th, Ra, Am) ( Bishop. And toxic metals are the most impact to human’s health and life.
Characteristics of heavy metals: Heavy metals are a natural constituent on earth commonly known with properties such as having persistence, high toxicity and also serving as non-biodegradable pollutants when they accumulate in the ecosystem. Heavy metals can create adverse effects on environmental and human health due to their toxicity. Some heavy metals are found in the body and essential for human health, such as iron, zinc, magnesium, 7 n cobalt, manganese, molybdenum and copper, although the amount is very small but it is present in metabolism. However, at excess level of the essential elements can endanger the life of the organism (Foulkes, 2000).
The remaining metal elements are unnecessary elements and can be highly toxic when present in the body; however, the toxic is only present when they enter the food chain. These elements include mercury, nickel, lead, arsenic, cadmium, aluminum, platinum and copper in the form of metal ions. Heavy metals enter plant, animal and human tissues via air inhalation, diet and manual handling. Thus, heavy metals can bind to vital cellular components, such as structural proteins, enzymes, and nucleic acids, and interfere with their functioning.