DECLARATION I hereby declare that is the research work by myself under the supervisions of Assoc. Tran Thanh Tung and Dr. Nguyen Quang Chien. The results and conclusions of the thesis are fidelity, which are not copied from any sources and any forms.
The reference documents relevant sources, the thesis has cited and recorded as prescribed. The results of my thesis have not been published by me to any courses or any awards. Ha Noi, January 2016 Vu Duy Toan ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1 would like to thank to my daily supervisors Dr. Nguyen Quang Chien and Assoc prof.
Tran Thanh Tung for sharing their knowledge, providing their useful feedback, guidance, the time invested in me, advice and discussion we had during my thesis work. Furthermore, I would like to thank to my family, showing their interest and ‘unconditional support DECLARATION, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ‘TABLE OF CONTENT! LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vnsnsnnininnnninnnininnnnninnnnnne INTRODUCTION 1. OVERVIEW OF SHORELINE EVOLUTION AND MULATION USING ONE-LINE MODE! 1.1 §ome issues worth considering in coastline evolution study 1 1.
Process study shoreline changes in the world and current research trends.3, Numerical modeling of coastline evolution 3 1. Basie Assumption of shoreline change modeling 3 1. Conelusion la CHAPTER II. ANALYSIS NHÀ TRANG COASTLINE EVOLUTION, 2.1, Overview of the study area.2, Data for shoreline and beach monitoring I 2.3, Geology and Geomorphology 19 2.
Sediment Transport Regime in Nha Trang.3, Analysis Nha Trang coastline evolution 2 2. APPLY OF ONE-LINE MODEL TO STUDY NHA TRANG COASTLINE EVOLUTION.11, Basie theory of SWAN model 28 3. SWAN model setup.1, Basic theory of Genesis model. Setup Genesis model 7 CHAPTER 4.
PROPOSE ORIENTED SOLUTIONS TO STABILIZE NHA. Scenarios simulated with protective structure.1, Scenarios Nha Trang coastline evolution without protective structure for1 year, 5 years, 10 years 56 4.2, Scenarios Nha Trang coastline evolution with protective structure for 1 year, 5 years, 10 years 58 4.2, Scenarios simulated with beach nourishment 61 CONCLUSION. APPENDICES LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Nha Trang coast (Source: Google earth) ix Figure 1.
Conceptual framework of Nha Trang Coastline evolution study xii Figure 1. Input and output file structure of GENESIS. Calculation diagram of Genesis model 10 Figure 2. The discharge from Cai River in the year of 2013 as well as the mean rainfall in Nha Trang in the years 1995 ~ 2014 16 Figure 2.
The variation of the wind magnitude and ditection for September during the years of 2002 ~ 2011, ie. during the southwest monsoon. The variation of the wind magnitude and direction for November during the years of 2002 — 2011, ie. during the northeast monsoon, 7 Figure 2.
The tidal level variation in the south of Nha Trang bay in the year of 2013 measured at Institute of Oceanography Tide Station in Nha Trang 18 Figure 2. Wave rose offshore Nha Trang 20 Figure 2. Nha Trang shoreline over years from 2003 ~ 2015 23 Figure 3. Computational domain of Swan model.
Wave height boundary condition for Swan model 3 Figure 3. Wave period boundary condition for Swan model 33 Figure 3. Wave direction boundary condition for Swan model 33 igure 3. The location of two points use for calibration in Swan model 35 Figure 3.6, Wave height of Swan model & Wavewatch III data at Continental shelf 109.
Wave Period of Swan model & Wavewatch III data at Continental shelf 109.8, Wave Period of Swan model & Wavewatch IT data at Continental shelf 109. Wave height of Swan model & Wavewatch III data at Continental shelf2 (109. Wave period of Swan model & Wavewatch III data at Continental shelf 2 (109. Wave Direction of Swan model & Wavewatch III data at Continental shelf 2 (109.12, Wave height of Swan model & Wavewatch IIT data at Continental shelf 1 (109.13, Wave period of Swan model & Wavewatch III data at Continental shelf 1 (109.14, Wave height of Swan model & Wavewatch III data at Continental shelf 2 (109.15, Wave height of Swan model & Wavewatch III data at Continental shelf 2 (109.
Extract wave data points as boundary conditions for Genesis model. Wave height for genesis boundary condition sọ Figure 3. Wave Period for Genesis boundary condition SI Figure 3. Wave Direction for Genesis boundary condition 51 Figure 3.24, Measured and predicted shoreline positions using different transport parameters (12/2013).
Comparison of shoreline in model and measured data for 27/06/2014. Nha Trang coastline evolution without protective structure over years. Nha Trang shoreline position over ten years 38 Figure 4.4, Result of Scenario with three Breakwaters over 10 years 9 Figure 44. Nha Trang coastline evolution after nourishment over years.
2 LIST OF TABLES ‘Table 2.1, Statistic storms directly influence to Khanh Hoa Province 15 ‘Table 3.1 The default setting in SWAN and selection for model setting.2: Parameters used for model calibration. Root mean square percentage error with different cases for Nha Trang shoreline s4 Table 4.1, Shoreline change after 1 year without protective structure 37 ‘Table 42. Shoreline change after 5 years without protective structure 37 Table 4.3, Shoreline change after 10 years without protective structure 37 Table 4. Shoreline change after 1 year after building three breakwaters, 0 Table 45, Shoreline change ater 5 years after building thre breakwaters 60 ‘Table 4.6, Shoreline change after 10 years after building three breakwaters 61 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1 would like to thank to my daily supervisors Dr.
Nguyen Quang Chien and Assoc prof. Tran Thanh Tung for sharing their knowledge, providing their useful feedback, guidance, the time invested in me, advice and discussion we had during my thesis work. Furthermore, I would like to thank to my family, showing their interest and ‘unconditional support INTRODUCTION Study area Nha Trang is a coastal city and capital of Khanh Hoa province. The study area is located at the vicinity of Cai River, the north is Cai River and at the south of study area isa breakwater of military por.
Nha Trang is one of the most beautiful bays in the world, one of tourist centers, famous resort in the country and the world with many’ beautiful landscapes, blue sea, many of the most typical ecosystems the coral reefs, many beautiful sandy beaches. With marine tourism criteria at present the world is: Sun, Sea, Sand (38), the Nha Trang Bay meets these criteria above, Nha Trang has many beautiful beaches, the beach along Tran Phu Street with a length of about 7 kilometers is the most famous beach. Nowadays the city experiences new possibilities to earn capital as tourists are drawn to the atea, Many people come for the appealing weather, but the long and central located sandy beach is also making it an attractive place for leisure, Figure 1. Nha Trang coast (Source: Google earth) 1.
Motivation ‘Viet Nam has 3260 km coastline, 89 river mouths and more than 3000 islands. Along the coastline are 29 provinces and cities. A number of seaports, oil refinery plants, fishing areas and aquaculture zones greatly contributes to the economic development of the coastal and estuarine areas. Beside advantages and huge potential, annually we have to deal with beach erosion, estuarine deposition and the Government had to invest thousands of billions VND to consolidate, upgrade sea dykes and to build coastal structure protection Coastline evolution process is very complicated, which varies in space and time.
The process is strongly related to nearshore hydrodynamic condition including tidal circulation, wind wave, wave-induced currents combined with storm surge. Especially it becomes more and more complicated and stronger duc to climate change and sea level rise. On the other hand, due to the continuity of the longshore sediment transport, the coastal protection in this region will again cause erosion in other regions. Therefore, it is necessary to perform coastline evolution prediction based on the bathymetry, meteorology, nearshore hydrodynamic for coastal zone planning with the ‘ims of sustainable development and national defense 2, Research Seope Nha Trang beach section (300 m at the vicinity of Cai River), 3.
Research objective = The study aims to estimate Nha Trang coastline evolution using Genesis model, = Propose alternative solutions to protect Nha Trang Coast. Research content ~ Analysis on the coastline evolution of Nha Trang coast. ~ Modelling wave propagation from deep water to shallow water using Swan model, = The rationale and usability of Genesis model, a one-line numerical model, for coastline evolution and coastal erosion. ~ Applying Genesis model to predict shoreline changes for the background scenario after | year, 5 years, and 10 years ~ Proposal of preliminary soluti 1 to protect Nha Trang coast.
~ Applying Genesis model to predict shoreline changes with the presence of structure after 1 year, 5 years, and 10 years. Literature review Recently, some researches relevant to the coastline evolution and hydrodynamic in the area of Nha Trang has been performed. Le Thanh Binh and Duong Hai Thuan, “The Shoreline Evolution of the Nha Trang Beach, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam’, 2015. Binh and Thuan (2015) showed that strong erosion phenomenon occurred at the area bebind the groin during the northeast ‘monsoon and revealed foot of the embankments along the beach, Le Thanh Binh and others, ‘Some Preliminary Results on Studying the Shoreline Evolution of Nha Trang Bay Using Video-Camera’, Binh et al.
(2014) indicated that the monitoring technique on shoreline change in Nha Trang beach is very signi int and it obviously illustrates a good (endency and general picture on seasonal evolution of shoreline change in Nha Trang beach, Nguyễn Trang Việt etal, vestigation of Erosion Mechanism on Nha Trang Coast, Viet Nam’, 2015. Luan et al. (2014) used remote sensing technique to analyze coastline evolution and indicated that the coastline evolution in this area is due to certain parameters like wind, wave, seasonal river discharge, and water level Nguyễn Trung Việt et aL, “Seasonal Evolution of Shoreline Changes in Nha Trang Bay, Vietnam’, 2016. Viet et al.
(2016) showed that coastline evolution due to both human and nature has major effects on the future of tourism development. Moreover, the beach will be affected by potential increase in the frequency of typhoons, Research methods ~ Numerical Modeling «Using Swan model to propagate wave from deep water to shallow water ® The use of Genesis model to predict coastline evolution = Documentary Analysis: collecting basic data and previous research results about natural characteristics, hydrodynamic and coastline dynamics of Nha Trang. Dacia] => Dawa >| Gani) FP | (Cleo eran) Figure 1. Conceptual framework of Nha Trang Coastline evolution study CHAPTER I.
OVERVIEW OF SHORELINE EVOLUTION AND SIMULATION USING ONE-LINE MODELS.1, Some issues worth considering in coastline evolution study Coastline evolution mainly includes the following issues: - Coastal deposition, erosion causing coastline change (marine transgression, marine degradation); The proce: of rising, lowering of local the beach elevation: ~ Coastline evolution process under the impact of the coastal and river constructions. ‘These processes are considered in the whole period from the past, present to future. In this thesis report, the term evolution refers to the future development of the coastline. Process study shoreline changes in the world and current research trends ‘The breaking waves and surf in the nearshore combining with various horizontal and vertical patterns of nearshore currents effectively transport beach sediments.
‘Sometimes this transport result only in a local rearrangement of sand into bars and troughs or into series of rhythmic embayment cut into the beach. At other times there are extensive longshore displacements of sediments, possibly moving hundreds of thousands of cubic meters of sand along the coast each year, Longshore sediment transport is among the most important nearshore processes that control beach morphology, and determines in large part whether shores erode, acerete, or remain stable, An understanding of longshore sediment transport is essential to sound coastal engineering design practice. Currents associated with nearshore cell circulation generally act to produce only a local rearrangement of beach sediments, The rip currents of the circulation can be important in the eross-shore transports of sand, but there is minimal net displacement cf beach sediment along the coast.