MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND TRAINING RURAL DEVELOPMENT THUYLOI UNIVERSITY Có 318 8 24s 248 28 2 ok OK OR KE ok oe TRINH XUAN MANH MSc Thesis December 2014 Optimal reservoir operation for water supply in dry season: the case study of Cua Dat Reservoir in the Chu - Ma river system Thanh Hoa province Master of science thesi By Trinh Xuan Manh Supervisor Dr. Nguyen Mai Dang HA NOI December 2014 This research is finished for the partial fulfillment of requirements for she Master of science degree at Thuy Loi University, Ha Noi, Vietmam (This Master Programme is supported by NICHE-VNM106 project) DECLARATION T hereby certify that the work which is being presented in this thesis entitled, “Optimal reservoir operation in dry season: the case study of Cua Dat Reservoir in the Ma-Chu River system, Thanh Hoa province” in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Mater of Scie 1 on Integrated Water Resource Management, is an authentic record of my own work eartied out under supervision of Dr, Nguyen Mai Dang. ‘The matter embodied in this thesis has not been submitted by me for the award of any other degree or diploma, Date: 122014 Abstract Water supply of reservoirs and especially reservoirs used for irrigation, hydropower, aquaculture, navigation, environment.in the dry season are often troubled due to increasing water demands according to the economic development and society, while the flow to the reservoir is limited. In recent years, the depletion of the river flow during the dry season occurs more frequently and at a more intense level This is partly due to forest coveray reduction in the upstream of river basins, and partly due to the effects of climate change.
Hence, computation of the optimum water supply of reservoir for the water demands in the dry season is needed, This study presents the tial research on applying Fuzzy Logi Algorithm for optimal operation of water supply in the dry season of 2011-2012 of the Cua Dat Reservoir in the Chu River basin, Thanh Hoa province. The Cua Dat Reservoir is a multi-purpose reservoir for the following tasks: flood prevention, water supply, iigation, power generation, and environmental flows. In addition, MIKE 11 model is also used to simulate the release from the reservoir to the downstream toevaluate the efficiency of the optimal method. ‘The research used Fuzzy Logic algorithm based on the rule, the principle of "IF - THEN" and built the membership functions for the input variables: water level, inflow to the reservoir, the water demands, and discharge from the reservoir.
It is developed for the Fuzzy operating systems [or the Cua Dat Reservoir and is meant 10 determine the optimal discharge process in case of shortage of water in the dry season Inflows, releases and water levels of the Cua Dat Reservoir were collected from actual operation of the reservoir, For water demand of stakeholders, the author determined that the (otal water demand for whole area was about 4547 Mi.m’, For hydropower based energy production water is used at the largest rate (67% of total water demand), while domestic purposes water is obtained smallest rate of water use of the Cua Dat Reservoir. Finally, the results from optimal method, the reservoir can meet 80% of water demand more than actual release throughout the dry season of 2011-2012. The initial research has been successfull and the results showed that this method can be applied ‘well to the optimal reservoir operation in Vietnam. Key words: Cua Dat, reservoir operation, optimization, Fuzzy Logic, water demand, Fusz rule, MIKE 11 model Trình Xuan Manh MSc Thesis: Acknowledgement First of all, I would like to give a big thank to all people who have supported and assisted me during the Master ‘Thesis Research.
Thanks for their support, ‘encouragement and guidance that allowed me to complete Ì study in time, Especially, I would like to express my appreciation to Dr. Nguyen Mai Dang, my supervisor, for his unfimited encouragement, guidance, comments and technical supports on the Fuzzy Logic approach and other models as well as the thesis writing process from the beginning ofthe thesis research. 1 would like to thank NICHE-VNM-106 project from the Government of the Netherlands for their financial support during the MSc study in the ThuyLoi University. I thank to Mrs, Hoang Nguyet Minh and Mrs.
Vu Thi Thuy Ngan who made a linkage between me and NICHE. I also would like to thank Assoc. Dr Nguyen Thu Hien, Dean of the Faculty of Water Resources ngineering, for her help and comments during the Master study in the ThuyLoi University I wish to thank Dr. Ilyas Masi, and Ms Martine Rutten for their feedback, references and support from the proposal process 1 also wish to thank Mrs.
Mariette Van Tilburg, my English teacher, for her ‘comments and support from the final thesis report 1 also want to thank the ThuyLoi University (TLU), Song Chu Irrigation ‘Company, National center for Hydro-Meteorological Service (HMS) for providing me very useful data sets “Thanks to all of my colleagues at the HaNoi University of Natural Resources and Environment in Vietnam for your assistance in the last two years. You will always bbe in my mind. Last but not least, T want to take this opportunity to show my appreciation to my family, my close friends for their inspiration and support throughout my life: this research is simply impossible without you. Trình Xuan Manh MSc Thesis: Table of Contents CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION.
Problem statement 13, Objectives and Res.1, Objectives ofthe study 3 13.4, Structure of the thesis, 3 (CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW 5 ILL. Studies on reservoir operation tự ng optimal theory 5 112. Fuzzy logic theory 8 113. Overview of hydraulic and hydrological modeling, ° IL4.
MIKE model " CHAPTER IIL: THE STUDY AREA.s-5-55555<sssssececeee Td TILL, Description of the study area. Location of the study area B TH L. Topographical characterises 16 IHL. Geological, land and vegetable characteristics 18 MIL2.
Climate and hydrological condition 18 THL2. Climate condition 18 THL2. Population and economic characteristies 23 TI13. Population ofthe study area 23 11.
Economic characteristics 24 UIL4. Description of the Cua Dat Reservoir CHAPTER IV: DATA AND METHODOLOGY. Meteorological data 30 IV. Hydrological data 32 IV.
Cua Dat reservoir operation data 34 IV. Determining total water demand 35 TV. Optimal analysis and Fuzzy logic approach for Reservoir operation. Methods using in optimal reservoir operation.2 Objective functions and constrain 33 1V.3 Using Fuzzy logic technique to optimize the Cua Dat reservoir operation54 IV.
Hydraulic and hydrological model setup 62 IV. Determination of the model inputs. Model setup 6 IV. Model calibration and validation 65 Trình Xuan Manh MSc Thesis: CHAPTER V: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS.
Optimizing the Cua Dat reservoir operation V. Routing the release to the downstream. CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. Recommendations REFERENCES APPENDICES.
Trình Xuan Manh MSc Thesis: List of Figures Figure 2-1: Relationship between the various representations of a model 10 Figure 3-1: Location of study in the Thanh Hoa province in Viet Nam 13 Figure 3-2: Ma ~ Chu River Network in Viet Nam. 16 Figure 3-3: Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of Thanh Hoa province 17 Figure 3-4: The location of the Cua Dat Reservoir on Ma-Chu river system. 26 Figure 3-5: The main dam of the Cua Dat Reservoir 28 Figure 3-6: The spillway of the Cua Dat Reservoir 28 Figure 3-7: The storage of the Cua Dat Reservoir 28 Figure 3-8: The intake (ower of the Cua Dat Reservoir 28 Figure 3-9: The gate of spillway of the Cua Dat Reservoir 28 Figure 3-10: The Bai Thuong weir 28 Figure 4-1: Distribution of monthly rainfall pattern at Thanh Hoa station 30 Figure 4-2: Distribution of monthly air temperature at Thanh Hoa station 31 Figure 4-3: Distribution of monthly average evaporation at Thanh Hoa station in 2011 & 2012 31 Figure 4-4: Distribution of relative humidity at Thanh Hoa station in 2011 & 2012.32 Figure 4-5: Annual discharge of the Cam Thuy and Cua Dat station 33 Figure 4-6: Schematization of hydrological station network 34 Figure 4-7: Monthly average discharge of Turbin of hydropower plant in years of 2011, 2012 and 2013 35 Figure 4-8: Inflow discharge of the Cua Dat reservoir in 2011 and 2012. 35 Figure 4-9: Seasonal period and chart of water requirement of Spring paddy in 2011 39 Figure 4-10; Seasonal period and chart of water requirement of winter paddy in 2011 At Figure 4-11: Seasonal period and chart of water requirement of sugar cane in 2011.42 Figure 4-12: Water use structure of whole downstream area of the Cua Dat reservoir in 2011 48 Figure 4-13: General flow chart ofoptimal reservoir operation in dry season, 52 Figure 4-14: Fuzzy inference system for Fuzzy Mamdani.
56 Figure 4-15: Transformation of input variable to membership value 5 Figure 4-16: Membership function for reservoir level for Fuzzy Mamdani model.58 Figure 4-17: Membership funetion for inflow for Fuzzy Mamdani model 5g Figure 4-18: ship function for water demand for Fuzzy Mamdani model.59 Figure 4-19: n for release for Fuzzy Mamdani model 59 Figure 4-20: ‘base for operation of Cua Dat reservoir. 60 Trình Xuan Manh MSc Thesis: Figure 4-21: Process of application, implication and aggregation 61 Figure 4-22: Hydraulic network of the Ma ~ Chủ river basin 65 Figure 4-23; Observed and simulated hydrograph at Cua Dat station in 2006.67 Figure 4-24: Observed and simulated hydrograph at Cua Dat station in 2008. 68 Figure 4-25: Observed and simulated hydrograph of water level at Ly Nhân Station in 2006, 60 Figure 4-26: Observed and simulated hydrograph of water level at Xuan Khanh Station in 2006. 60 Figure 4-27: Observed and simulated hydrograph of water level at Giang Station in 2006 0 Figure 4-28: Observed and simulated hydrograph of water level at Ly Nhan Station in 2008 n Figure 4-29: Observed and simulated hydrograph of water level at Xuan Khanh Station in 2006.
m1 Figure 4-30: Observed and simulated hydrograph of water level at Giang Station in 2006 7 Figure 4-31; Structure of fuzzy system for Cua Dat reservoir 73 Figure 4-32: Comparison of water demand and fuzzy and actual releases ”“ Figure 5-1: Hydrograph of optimal operation atthe Bai Thuong weir 75 Figure §-2: Hydrograph of optimal operation at the Xuan Khanh station 75 Figure 5-3: Hydrograph of optimal operation at the Giang station 76 Trình Xuan Manh MSc Thesis: List of Tables ‘Table 3-1: Distribution of natural areas according to provincial border of the Ma river basin (ha) 14 ‘Table 3-2: Characteristics of river shape of some large tributaries 15 ‘Table 3-3: Average annual rainfall for many years at some stations of the Ma river basin 19 ‘Table 3-4: Annual rainfall characteristics 20 ‘Table 3-5: Monthly and annual wind speed at some stations of the Ma river basin (mm/s) 2t ‘Table 3-6: Average monthly temperature for many years at some stations, 2 ‘Table 3-7: Monthly average evaporation of some stations of the Ma River Basin.22 ‘Table 3-8: Some main parameters of the Cua Dat Reservoir 25 Table 4-1: Kinds of data have been used in the study 29 ‘Table 4-2: Crop distribution of different cultivated area in downstream of the Cua Dat reservoir 36 ‘Table 4-3: Plant coefficients of paddy.