VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL STUDENT RESEARCH REPORT FINANCIAL FRAGILITY AND FINANCIAL WELL-BEING AMONG GENERATION-Z UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: EVIDENCE FROM VIETNAM KT.23_30 Team Leader: Nguyễn Ngọc Mai ID: 21070207 Class: AC2021B Hanoi, April 17, 2024 TEAM LEADER INFORMATION I. Student profile - Full name: Nguyễn Ngọc Mai - Date of birth: 12/03/2003 - Place of birth: Son La Province - Class: AC2021B - Program: Accouting, Auditting and Analayzing - Address: Ha Dong District, Ha Noi city. Academic Results (from the first year to now) Academic year Overall score Academic rating 2021-2022 3. Hanoi, April 17, 2024 Advisor Team Leader (Sign and write fullname) (Sign and write fullname) TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.
5 LIST OF TABLES. 6 LIST OF FIGURE .1 Background of the study .2 Research Objectives and Research Questions .5 Structure Of The Study. 14 CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW. Financial Well-being .1 Financial Well-being.2 Outcomes of Financial Well-being .3 Financial Well-being in the context of Vietnam .4 Financial Attitude and Financial Behavior.
Financial Attitude and Behavior in the context of Vietnam. The Impact of Financial Fragility on Financial Well-being. Research gap and hypothesis development. 23 CHAPTER 3: DATA AND METHODOLOGY.
Data collecting methods. Cronbach's Alpha test. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA).
T Test and ANOVA. 32 CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Exploratory factor analysis.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Structural Model Test Results (SEM). Individual demographic characteristics that linkaged with Financial Fragility, Financial Attitude and Behavior and Financial Well-being. Gender and Financial Well-being.
Financial Fragility and Financial Well-being with the Monthly income. Financial Well-being has linkage with the Reduction of living. 48 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND LIMITATION. Conclusion and Recommendations.
Limitations and directions. 61 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ABBREVIATIONS MEANING FL Financial Literacy FW Financial Wellbeing FD Financial Demographics FF Financial Fragility FAB Financial Attitude and Behaviour CFPB Consumer Financial Protection Bureau ADBI Asian Development Bank Institute’s study FIRA Financial Industry Regulatory Authority 5 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. This figure presents thestudy’s conceptual framework. The scale of Financial Demographics.
The scale of Financial Well-being. The scale of Financial Fragility. The scale of Finacial Attitudes and Behaviour. The scale of Financial Literacy (FL).
Meaning of Cronbach's Alpha. Item-Total Statistics. KMO and Bartlett's Test. Total Variance Explained.
Rotated Component Matrixa. Structural Equation Modeling. Group statistics of FF, FW, FAB. Independent Samples Test of Gender with FF,FW,FAB.
Descriptive student’s monthly income with FF, FW, FAB. Test of Homogeneity of Variances of Monthly's income with FF,FW,FAB. Robust Tests of Equality of Means of FF, FW, FAB with Monthly Income 46 Table 20. ANOVA results of FF, FW, FAB with Monthly Income.
Descriptives student’s Reduction of living with FF, FW, FAB. Robust Tests of Equality of Means of FF, FW, FAB with student’s Reduction of living. ANOVA results of FF, FW, FAB with Reduction of living. Coefficients of results – SEM.
Summary of Hypothesis .49 6 LIST OF FIGURE Figure 1. Responses to Financial Literacy questions. The percentage of student’s correct answers. Percentage of student's self - assessment .37 7 INTRODUCTION Financial Fragility and Financial Well-being among Generation –Z University Students: Evidence from Viet Nam 1.
Project Code: KT. Member List: Full Name Class ID Nguyễn Ngọc Mai AC2021B 21070207 Nguyễn Thùy Linh IB2021B 21070202 Đỗ Minh Ngọc AC2023 23071216 3. Advisor(s): Do Phuong Huyen, PhD. In Economics, Finance and Banking, Faculty of Economics and Management 4.
Abstract (300 words or less) This research aims to evaluate Financial Well-being with respect to Financial Fragility, Financial Literacy and Financial Attitude and Behaviour of the University students, particularly generation Z students, in the context of Vietnam. Additionally, the study tries to determine how other variables such as gender, age, parental education, work status, and monthly income in Vietnam affect the Financial Well-being of GenZ students. Through a structured survey administered to 396 Vietnamese university students, data was collected and analyzed using the Partial Least Squares-SEM model to estimate, predict, and assess the hypotheses. The findings show that while Financial Fragility is negatively correlated with Financial Well-being, Financial Attitude and Behavior have a positive influence on Financial Fragility.
Nonetheless, the impact of Financial Attitude and Behavior and Literacy on Financial Well-being is negligible. The findings also indicate a strong relationship between gender, monthly income, reduction of living and Financial Well-being, Fragility. Comprehending the Financial Well-being of Gen Z students in Vietnam will broaden the significance of Financial Fragility for prudent financial conduct and well-informed decision-making, ultimately leading to elevated levels of Financial Well-being. Gaps and weaknesses in the Financial Well- being and Financial Fragility of students can be more successfully identified by the government and financial institutions.
Keywords (3 – 5 words) Financial Fragility, Financial Literacy, Financial Attitude and Behavior, Financial Well-being, Gen Z, student university. 8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, we would like to express our gratitude to the International School for granting us this important chance to participate in the student research contest of 2023. As students of the International School, we have received essential knowledge to finish our research report. Specifically, the Faculty of Economics and Management has given us with comprehensive education and guidance, enabling us to establish the basis of this report.
I would like to extend my gratitude to our supervisor, Dr. Do Phuong Huyen, for her guidance and support during the course of this project. We greatly appreciate her patience, passion, and profound insights in this subject, which have pushed us to consider alternative perspectives and conduct more complete evaluations. This report would not have been feasible without her assistance and direction.
Lastly, we would like want to express our gratitude to our family and friends for consistently inspiring us and being enthusiastic about providing assistance. In addition, it is necessary to acknowledge the involvement of individuals who took part in our survey and their contribution to our research. Best regards! 9 DECLARATION We have read and are aware of the policy on plagiarism. We declare that this report has been completed by ourselves and the work does not violate any requirements of academic integrity.
Hanoi, April 15th, 2024 Student, 10 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study The global financial crisis in 2008 and the latest, COVID – 19, have emphasized that Financial Fragility is a vital factor that affects the Financial Well-being of individuals and the whole economy as well (Lusardi et al. The COVID - 19 pandemic has taken a heavy toll on Vietnam’s economy and society, even though Vietnam overcame the economic challenges better than most countries. Beginning 2022 with the challenges in recovering the economy to the pre-COVID level, the business in every sector has to be more innovative and competitive than ever. Hence, it leads to layoffs and unemployment.
The unemployment rate in Vietnam is 2.73% in the second quarter of 2020, which is the highest from 2011 to 2020. A survey conducted by Vietnam’s Chamber of Commerce and Industry (VCCI) has illustrated that 76% of businesses had decreased their personnel in different ways: different types of working form, flexible work hours, or layoffs. Besides unemployment, Vietnamese laborers also have to deal with a decrease in their income, which severely impacts the standard of living quality. According to Tuoi Tre News (2020), in the fourth quarter of 2020, the average salary of Vietnamese workers was 5.95 million dong, which is even lower than the same period of 2021.
The government has implemented various policies to enhance economic growth, but there are still has many long-term risks like unemployment and financial failure. The situation of Vietnam, as previously said is a risky circumstance that many economies have to face, especially in developing countries. The situation of unemployment rate rises and income levels decreases lead to a notice in Financial Fragility. Financial Fragility refers to a person’s ability to cover an unexpected expense in the event of uncertainty (Lusardi et al.
Financial Fragility was first introduced by (Lusardi et al., 2011) right after the financial crisis in 2008 to understand one’s ability to cope with shocks and fundamental factors contributing to financial risk and instability. This Financial Fragility measurement has been used in many previous studies and it has become an approved measure (Demertzis et al., 2020; Lusardi et al. Both objective and subjective measure has been focused on in existing empirical study, objective measure often gauges the Financial Fragility level or debt levels (Holló & Papp, 2007; Brown & Taylor, 2008; Jappelli et al., 2008; Anderloni & Vandone, 2011; Ampudia et al., 2016; Johansson & Persson, 2006; Bankowska et al., 2017, Enzinger et al., 2022) and subjective measure typically indicate an individual’s financial fragile depend on the ability to cope with unexpected expenses or income shocks (Lusardi et 11 al. (2011), Anderloni et al.
(2012), Brunetti et al. These studies have illustrated important factors that affected to Financial Fragility: demographics like educational level, income and assets level, socioeconomics factors namely financial services (Skiba & Tobacman, 2009), debt levels (Jappelli et al., 2008; Albacete & Fessler, 2010; Ampudia et al., 2016), institutional factors, income and unpredictability (Morduch and Schneider, 2017). However, the amount of study of Financial Fragility in Vietnam is still poor due to the lack of comprehensive and trustworthy data on research indicators and Financial Fragility may not be perceived as a controversial issue for study. There were some studies about Financial Fragility in Vietnam by (Doan et al.
2020) and (Le et al. Due to the lack of research on the Financial Fragility of individuals and Generation Z in particular, there is still more work to be done in Vietnam to increase knowledge about Financial Fragility, Financial Well-being, and Financial Literacy. This study is a new approach to Financial Fragility with an aim to provide a broader point of view of Generation Z’s Financial Fragility, Financial Well-being and an examination of how Financial Fragility influences Financial Well-being.2 Research Objectives and Research Questions The objective of the study is to gain insights into how Financial Fragility and financial attitude and behavior affect the Financial Well-being in Vietnam. Additionally, the study aims to identify the key factors that influence this relationship.
The goal is to provide research-based solutions to the issues that policymakers encounter in this regard. To achieve these objectives, the study addresses the following research questions: ● Whether Financial Fragility is a key determinant of Financial Well-being? ● How do the levels of Financial Fragility, Financial Well-being influence GenZ university students in Vietnam? ● What actions can be proposed in Vietnam to formulate a new generation of financially educated citizens? 1.3 Research Methods Our research process comprises four main stages. First, we established a survey questionnaire, including 44 key questions to collect data on Financial Fragility, Financial Well-being, Financial Literacy, Financial Attitute and Behaviour and related characteristics. The standardized survey tool allows for accurate comparisons of key 12 Financial Fragility, Financial Well-being indicators and related variables, through the questionnaire found in Appendix A of this report.
In the second data collection stage, we gathered data from 396 participants between January and February 2024, using convenience sampling methods. The third stage involved cleaning the dataset to ensure data quality, resulting in 337 valid responses. We conducted data analysis and descriptive statistics to summarize the variable distributions. Subsequently, we calculated scores for Financial Fragility (FF), Financial Well-being (FW), Financial Literacy (FL), and Financial Attitudes and Behaviors (FAB) to assess correlations.
In the final stage, we evaluated the model using SPSS software. We enter the data into SPSS 27 and AMOS software, then identify and analyze the data through Cronbach’s Alpha, EFA, CFA, and SEM tests.