Axit Nucleic: Cấu Trúc, Chức Năng và Lịch Sử

Trường đại học

Trường Đại Học

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

Bài Giảng

2023

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Phí lưu trữ

35 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

3. CHAPTER 3: NUCLEIC ACID

3.1. Nucleotide

3.2. DNA, RNA

3.3. Properties

3.4. Biosynthesis of nucleotide

3.5. Molecular biology in Food technology

3.5.1. Genetic engineering

3.5.2. GMO, GMF

3.6. NUCLEIC ACID - HISTORY

3.7. NUCLEOTIDE STRUCTURE

3.7.1. PHOSPHATE SUGAR (5C) NITROGEN BASE (C-N ring) GROUP (PO4)

3.7.2. Nucleotide structure - subunits

3.7.3. Nucleotide structure - bonds

3.7.4. Nucleotide structure - pentose

3.8. POLYNUCLEOTIDE-BACKBONE

3.8.1. THE SUGAR-PHOSPHATE BACKBONE

3.8.2. Sugar-phosphate joined by phosphodiester bonds

3.8.3. Sugar-phosphate in polynucleotide orientated in the same direction

3.8.4. 3’-OH group of the sugar in one nucleotide forms an ester bond to the phosphate group on the 5’-carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide

3.9. NUCLEOTIDE STRUCTURE-BASE

3.9.1. Bases

3.10. NUCLEOSIDE & NUCLEOTIDE

3.10.1. Nucleoside – consists of a nitrogen base linked to C1’ of a ribose or deoxyribose (glycosidic bond) – Named

3.10.2. Nucleotide – nucleoside forms a phosphate ester with the C5’-OH group of ribose or deoxyribose – Named

3.11. NAMES OF NUCLEOSIDES AND NUCLEOTIDES

3.12. ATP - MAJOR ENERGY SOURCE FOR CELLULAR ACTIVITY

3.12.1. ATP: adenosine triphosphate

3.12.2. HOW DOES ATP STORE ENERGY?

3.12.3. HOW DOES CELL GET ENERGY FROM ATP?: HYDROLYSIS

3.12.4. THE ADP-ATP CYCLE

3.12.5. ATP & CHEMICAL ENERGY

3.12.6. WHEN IS ATP MADE?

3.13. TYPES OF NUCLEIC ACID

3.13.1. DeoxyriboNucleic Acid (DNA)

3.13.2. RiboNucleic Acid (RNA)

3.14. DNA STRUCTURE – DISCOVERY

3.14.1. X-ray diffraction photo of DNA (1952) by Rosalind E. Franklin

3.14.2. Francis Harry Compton Crick and James Dewey Watson

3.15. DNA STRUCTURE – THE NOBEL PRIZE

3.16. WATSON & CRICK MODEL OF DNA

3.16.1. Two strands of polynucleotides

3.16.2. Nucleotides bond between DNA strands

3.16.3. Ratio of A-T : G-C affects stability of DNA molecule

3.17. BASE-PAIRING RULE OF NUCLEOTIDE

3.17.1. Erwin Chargaff (1905-2002)

3.18. DNA - FUNCTION

3.18.1. Storage of genetic information

3.18.2. Self-duplication & inheritance

3.18.3. Expression of the genetic message

3.19. BIODIVERSITY

3.20. DNA - SEQUENCE

3.20.1. Reading DNA sequence

3.21. DNA - THE DOUBLE HELIX

3.21.1. Base pairs of two strands

3.22. DNA - SUPERCOILS

3.23. Properties of DNA

3.23.1. Double stranded

3.23.2. DNA can be denatured

3.23.3. DNA can be renatured

3.23.4. General forms of a DNA helix

3.24. DENATURATION & RENATURATION OF DNA

3.25. Spectroscopy of Nucleic Acid

3.26. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RNA & DNA

3.26.1. RNA (ribonucleic acid)

3.27. RNA STRUCTURE

3.28. TYPES OF RNA

3.28.1. RIBOSOMAL RNA (rRNA) & MESSENGER RNA (mRNA)

3.28.1.1. Ribosomal RNA
3.28.1.2. Messenger RNA

3.28.2. TRANSFER RNA (tRNA)

3.29. GENETIC CODE

3.30. GENETIC CODE ORGANIZATION

3.31. READING THE GENETIC CODE

3.32. THE CENTRAL DOGMA OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (BY F. CRICK)

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