Do better institutions boost firm performance? Nghiên cứu trường hợp doanh nghiệp sản xuất tại ...

Nghiên cứu tác động của các tổ chức tốt đến hiệu suất doanh nghiệp trong ngành sản xuất tại Việt Nam, cung cấp cái nhìn sâu sắc và thực tiễn.

Chuyên ngành

Development Economics

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

Luận văn Thạc sĩ

2015

85
2
0

Phí lưu trữ

30 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

DECLARATION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

ABBREVIATIONS

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Scope of the study

2. The structure of the study

3. Problem statement

4. Research objectives

5. Research questions

6. Definitions

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHIMINHCITY THE HAGUE VIETNAMTHE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM - NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DO BETTER INSTITUTIONS BOOST FIRM PERFROMANCE? THE CASE OF MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN VIETNAM BY NGUYEN THI NHA TRANG MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY, NOVEMBER 2015 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHIMINHCITY THE HAGUE VIETNAMTHE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM - NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DO BETTER INSTITUTIONS BOOST FIRM PERFROMANCE? THE CASE OF MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN VIETNAM A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS By NGUYEN THI NHA TRANG Academic Supervisor: Prof. NGUYEN TRONG HOAI HO CHI MINH CITY, NOVEMBER 2015 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com DECLARATION “This is to certify that this thesis entitled “Do better institutions boost firm performance? The case of manufacturing firms in Vietnam”, which is submitted by me in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Development Economics to the Vietnam – The Netherlands Program (VNP). The thesis constitutes only my original work and due supervision and acknowledgement have been made in the text to all materials used.” Nguyen Thi Nha Trang LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Writing a thesis is like taking a long journey, which requires a lot of time and effort. During this journey, sometimes we feel lost, exhausted and want to give up, and to get to the destination we truly need guidance, cheers, encouragement and motivation from instructors, families, friends, and even passers-by. Looking back at this journey, I would like to extend my heartfelt appreciation to many people who have wholeheartedly cheered me on and guided me through. First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Nguyen Trong Hoai, who was always available to answer any questions of mine and helped me stay focused on the research. Extremely busy, he never failed to answer my calls or send me a text back. His knowledge, patience and encouragement were the emotional and intellectual fuel that I needed to stand up and step forward whenever I felt discouraged and wanted to stop halfway. I would also like to extend my most sincere thanks to Dr. Tran Tien Khai, Dr. Pham Khanh Nam, Dr. Pham Hoang Van, and Dr. Truong Dang Thuy for their valuable suggestions and comments on my TRD, which kept me from straying away from “the main road”. Without their support, I could never reach the finish line of this journey. My special thanks also go to all the VNP teachers and support staff. Not only did they assist me with my study and thesis drafting process, they also made me truly feel to be a part of this wonderful community, to relive a beautiful and unforgettable college life. I wish to thank, from the bottom of my heart, my wonderful classmates: Khanh Vu, for guiding me through the complicated Vietnam Enterprise Survey and Stata techniques, friends from my mini-group: Thien, Nhung, Hung, Ly, Viet for constantly reminding me of not giving up so that we can proudly celebrate together as VNPers, and other classmates for co-building a warm and bright C19 family. Finally, I thank you my family, my husband and my little son for their unconditional love and support. I always hope I can make them proud. LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABBREVIATIONS ADB : The Asian Development Bank AEC : The ASEAN Economic Community ASEAN-6 : Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand ASEAN-4 : Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand BTA : The U.-Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement GDP : Gross domestic production GSO : General statistics office of Vietnam GVN : Government of Vietnam OECD : Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development PCI : Provincial Competitiveness Index ROA : Return on Assets ROE : Return on Equity SMEs : Small and medium enterprises SOEs : State-owned enterprises TPP : Trans-Pacific Partnership UN : The United Nations US : The United States of America VCCI : Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry VES : The Vietnam Enterprise Survey VNCI : Vietnam Competitiveness Initiative WB : The World Bank WTO : World Trade Organization LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABSTRACT This paper explores how institutional reforms in Vietnam affect the performance of manufacturing enterprises across 63 provinces by utilizing a unique dataset which includes the 2007-2012 Provincial Competitiveness Index merged with a set of data on firm-level performance extracted from the annual Vietnam Enterprise Survey. The results show that provincial competitiveness significantly and economically explains the performance of firms located in different provinces. Out of the nine subsets of institutional reforms, at least four sub-indices significantly and positively associate with the economic performance of the firms observed, which are Labor and Training, Legal Institutions, Transparency and Business Support Services. Keywords: provincial competitiveness index, firm performance, labor productivity, ROA, ROE 6 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS . 7 LIST OF FIGURES . 9 LIST OF TABLES . 9 LIST OF APPENDIX . Scope of the study. The structure of the study . From institutions to governance . Institutions and economic performance: . More definitions and clarifications. Institutions and economic performance: theoretical views . Institutions and economic performance: empirical studies . Measurement of institutions: . Measurement of firm performance: . 29 7 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Analytical framework for the study . Vietnam Enterprise Survey: . Provincial Competitiveness Index (PCI) . Model and variable construction . FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS . Overview of the business sector performance in Vietnam during the observed period:50 4. Overview of Basic Institutional Reforms and Their Impacts on Business Formance 52 4. Limitations and directions for further research . 73 8 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Institutions…………………………………………………………………. 18 Figure 2: A visual explanation of institutions and economic performance (Ugur, 2010): . 24 Figure 3: Analytical Framework. 3030 Figure 4: Number of Firms Surveyed from 2007-2012 (VES) . 32 Figure 5: Collection, Construction and Calibration of PCI Data . 35 Figure 6: Number of Issued Legal Documents, 2010-2014 ………………………….54 Figure 7: Example of an eRegulations Portal………………………………………….63 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Number of Firms and Observations in the Sample . 33 Table 2: Number of Firms Surveyed by the PCI Research Team from 2007-2012 . 34 Table 3: Sub-Index Weights . 35 Table 4: Explanation of PCI Ranking. 37 Table 5 : Firm level variable definitions ………………………………………………….39 Table 6: Descriptive Statistics of Key Variables . 43 Table 7: Mean Values by Types of Ownership . 44 Table 8: Mean Values by Years . 44 Table 9: Statistics of Institutional Variables and Economic Environment . 45 9 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Table 10: Mean Values by Manufacturing Industries . 46 Table 11: Correlation Matrix . 48 Table 12: Results of Regression No.58 Table 13: Results of Regression No.59 Table 14: Results of Regression No.59 Table 15: Results of Regression No. 4 (DV: ROE)……………………………………………60 LIST OF APPENDIX Appendix 1 : Summarized Description of PCI Sub-indices Appendix 2 : Full 2012 PCI Rankings Appendix 3 : PCI Map Appendix 4 : 2014 PCI Rankings Appendix 5 : Boxplot Chart for each Variable (VAL, KL, ROA, ROE) Appendix 6 : Regression Results 10 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Problem statement Acemoglu, Robinson, and Woren (2012), in their highly acclaimed book, Why Nations Fail?, re-emphasized an important message that the key to prosperity, growth, progress and democracy of any society and community is through institutional reforms. Previous studies (Acemoglu, Johnson, and Robinson (2000); Aoki (2007); Chang (2006); Glaeser, La Porta, Lopez-de-Silanes, and Shleifer (2004); and (North, 1990a; North (1990, p.3))) have also proven and provided rich literature on the relationship between institutions, governance, and economic performance. The positive impact of good institutions on economic performance, both at macro and micro level, is substantiated by strong evidence. However, the majority of previous studies on this relationship were conducted in developed countries due to long-existing institutional reforms and high-quality data and mainly observed this relationship at the macro level using cross-country data (Milgrom and North (1990). Therefore, there is a real need for further research on how institutions and institutional changes influence economic performance at the micro level. A few typical researches studying this relationship focused more on the enforcement issues and quality of administrative procedures, for example, Berkowitz and DeJong (2003) obversved that businesses tended to choose to operate in regions believed to receive more political support from local governments in Russia, whereas Laeven and Woodruff (2007) founded that larger companies were attracted more to effective jurisdictions in Mexico. Obviously, the success of the business sector in any country would lead to rising employment rate, better trade, investment and national competitiveness as well as greater tax revenues. These factors eventually contribute to the national socio-economic development. Therefore, many countries have been considering and applying appropriate policies to catalyze 11 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com positive institutional changes in order to improve the business climate and facilitate the operations of the business sector. In Vietnam, since the adoption of Doi Moi policy starting in 1986, “institutional reform” has always been of great concern to the Government of Vietnam. Most of recent important political documents consistently emphasized the key objectives of improving market economy institutions and the efficiency of state management and enhancing the effectiveness of the rule of law. More specifically, “institutional reform” is set as a priority in the Governments administrative reform program for the 2011-2020 period and the 13th Congress legislative agenda until 2016. The Government of Vietnam has, of late, issued important resolutions reflecting their strong determination to improve the business environment, specifically Resolution No. 19/NĐ-CP dated March 18, 2014 and Resolution No. 19/2015/NĐ-CP dated March 12, 2015, aiming to advance the business environment (reaching the ASEAN-6’s average level by the end of 2015 and ASEAN-4’s by the end of 2016) and strengthen national competitivess. These are the two “decisive factors” for Vietnam’s socio-economic development as stressed by the Prime Minister at a meeting in April, 2014. And while the results of the implementation of Resolution No. 19/2015 have not been announced, the encouraging outcome from the implemention of Resolution No. 19/2014 was highlighted at the 2014 Vietnam Development Partnership Forum (VDPF) with the theme “Institutional reform economy, enhanced autonomy and competitivness of Vietnam’s economy” organized on December 5, 2014 in Hanoi. Some specific results include the starting-a-business ranking of Vietnam in Doing a Business 2014 jumped from 109 to 60 and the ratio of enterprises adopting e-tax declarations amazingly increasing to 95% from 65%. Additionally, the Government of Vietnam issued Decree 78/2015/NĐ-P providing guidance on the implementation of the new Enterprise Law on Setempber 14, 2015. This decree is considered a step forward in the goverment’s determination and 12 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com committment to faciliate the ease of doing business in Vietnam and enhance the transparency in the area of business registration. Therefore, researches on in what way institutional reforms should be designed and governance should be executed to help boost the performance of the business sector by improving the business climate and regulatory framework seem to attract greater attention. Vietnam entered several important trade deals in 2015 including the Vietnam- European Union Free Trade Agreement, and more importantly, participated in the recently- concluded negotiations of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP). TPP, which is expected to liberalize 40 percent of the world’s economy, is forecast to bring big benefits to its members with Vietnam being expected to be one of the biggest gainers.

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