BANKING ACADEMY ADVANCED PROGRAM GRADUATION THESIS DO OIL PRICE SHOCKS AFFECT BANK PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCES FROM VIETNANMESE COMMERCIAL BANKS. Student name : Nguyen Lan Phuong Class : K22CLCA Academic Year : 2019 - 2023 Faculty : Banking Student Code : 22A4010011 Supervisor : PhD. Le Hai Trung Hanoi, May 2023 BANKING ACADEMY ADVANCED PROGRAM GRADUATION THESIS DO OIL PRICE SHOCKS AFFECT BANK PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCES FROM VIETNANMESE COMMERCIAL BANKS. Student name : Nguyen Lan Phuong Class : K22CLCA Academic Year : 2019 - 2023 Faculty : Banking Student ID : 22A4010011 Supervisor : PhD.
Le Hai Trung Hanoi, May 2023 i DECLARATION. I hereby declare that the thesis "Do Oil Price Shocks Affect Bank Performance: Evidences from Vietnamese Commercial Banks" is the result of my independent research endeavors. It was carried out under careful guidance and enthusiastic help of my supervisor – Dr. Le Hai Trung.
The thesis has been conducted based on the knowledge and skills I have acquired throughout my academic years at the Banking Academy of Vietnam. The research outcomes presented in my thesis are entirely trustworthy. All reference materials and data employed for analysis have been gathered from reputable and dependable sources, with proper and transparent citation practices. Hanoi, May 2023 Author’s signature Nguyễn Lan Phương i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Le Hai Trung, for his guidance throughout my research period. Trung has been consistently ready to provide timely support, especially in clarifying research methodologies and elucidating research findings. Mr Trung’s insightful suggestions and detailed comments have greatly contributed to the improvement and enhancement of the my thesis quality.
Over the course of more than two months, Mr Trung has instilled in me an inspiration for continuous learning and I feel honored to have completed my graduation thesis under his dedicated guidance. Secondly, I would like to extend my heartfelt appreciation to all the lecturers in the Banking Faculty for the valuable lessons and practical skills that I have acquired during my time as a student of the Banking Academy of Vietnam. My lecturers have always been willing to help and assist their students without hesitation. It is through these lessons and accumulated knowledge that I have been able to conduct my thesis with greater precision and polish.
Thirdly, I desire to express my genuine gratitude towards a dear friend, Thu Thảo. She is someone who is always dedicate her time to me, offering advice, listening to me anytime and anywhere, even when she herself is facing struggles with her own research. She trusts me unconditionally and gives me the best compliments. I greatly admire our special friendship.
I also wish to convey my sincere appreciation to “Ngợm” - my close friends at university. We have overcome the toughest subjects and the most challenging exams together, sharing cherished memories along the way. Although we couldn't stay in touch during this period, I am truly grateful for everything we have experienced over the past four years. And I would like to thank Quỳnh Khanh, Thiên Trang, Nhung, Biện, AMEE’s FC for always believing and motivating me when I faced difficulties with my graduation thesis.
It is because of your encouragement that I have been able to accomplish this journey. Fourthly, I sincerely thank my two closest friends, Dung and Quỳnh. Despite the differences in our fields of study, they consistently make an effort to comprehend and engage with my academic pursuits. They always listen and care ii for me whenever I need them.
They have been present alongside me to witness my memorable achievement throughout my university years. Above all, I want to express my appreciation to my beloved family. Throughout the process of completing my thesis, my younger brother has consistently shown understanding and support. My parents have always been there, offering care and encouragement, accompanying me on my journey of self- improvement.
Over these two months, my family has prioritized my happiness and mental well-being, creating the optimal environment for me to concentrate on my research. I am grateful for everything my family have done for me. Finally, I would like to commend myself. I express gratitude to "you" for the hard work and dedication invested in this journey.
And thank you, Phương, for completing the “final assignment” with yout utmost diligence and devotion. Due to the time constraints and the author's limited capabilities, it is inevitable that the research paper may have some shortcomings. I genuinely welcome constructive feedback and suggestions that can help me in improving my research in the future. Thank you sincerely! iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION.
ii LIST OF ABBREVIATION .vi LIST OF FIGURES. vii LIST OF TABLES. Significance of the study. Objects and scope of the study.
Structure of the thesis.3 CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE IMPACTS OF OIL PRICE SHOCKS TO BANK PERFORMANCE. Introduction to commercial bank and bank performance. Introduction to commercial banks. Bank performance measurement.
Determinants of the bank performance. Impacts of oil shocks to the economy. Impacts of oil shocks to the bank performance.19 CHAPTER 2: OIL SHOCKS AND BANK PERFORMANCE IN VIETNAM. Historical changes of oil prices.
Some notable oil shocks throughout history. Impacts of oil shocks to Vietnam. An Overview of the banking industry in the research period. The period of 2007 - 2010: A rapid increase in the number of banks and their charter capital.
The period of 2011 - 2016: Stabilize operations and solid solvency in the face of many interwoven challenges. The period of 2017 - 2021: Changes income structure in the context of digital transformation and COVID-19. Throwback 2022 and outlook for 2023.34 CHAPTER 3: THE IMPACTS OF OIL PRICE SHOCKS ON VIETNAMESE COMMERCIAL BANKS. Data and Methodology.
Methodology to explore the impacts of oil shocks to the performance of Vietnamese commercial banks. The impact of oil shocks on bank profitability. The impact of oil shocks on bank overall risk. Robustness check for ROA’s regression.
Robustness check for ZSCORE’s regression. Recommendations for Vietnamese commercial banks. Recommendations for Vietnam Governor.78 v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation Interpretation CASA Current Account Savings Account CDs Certificate of deposit EIA U.S Energy Information Administration FEM Fixed Effects Model GCC Gulf Cooperation Council GDP Gross domestic product GMM Gaussian Mixture Model IMF The International Monetary Fund IPO Initial Public Offering LDR Loan to Deposit Ratio NARDL Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag NIM Net interest margin NPL Non performing loans OPEC Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries REM Random Effects Model ROA Return on Assets ROE Return on Equity SBV State Bank of Vietnam SME Small and Medium Enterprise US The United State VAMC Vietnam Asset Management Company WTI West Texas Intermediate oil price WTO The World Trade Organization vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page Figure 2.1: Historical changes of oil prices from 2007 to 2022.2: Chinese oil consumption during 1980-2007 21 Figure 2.3: Global economic growth before and after the Financial Crisis.4: WTI crude oil Futures settlement price.5: Global oil demand returns to pre-pandemic level.6: Charter capital growth rate and total asset growth rate 2007 – 27 2010.7: Vietnam Consumer price index, 1/2010 - 1/2011.8: Bad debt recovery results in 2012 - 2016.9: Interest rates dropped to only 6-9%/year in 2012.10: The average bad debt ratio decreased to 2.11: Income structure of Vietnamese banking system in 2016 – 31 2019.12: CASA ratio of listed commercial banks 2019 – 2020.13: Credit growth in Vietnam 2019 – 2021.14: Average NIM ratio in banking system 2018 – 2021.15: CAR ratio and Basel II Requirement.16: Profit ranking of Vietnamese commercial banks in 2022.17: Bad debt ratio in Vietnamese banking system 2021 – 2022. 36 vii LIST OF TABLES Table Page Table 3.3: Hausman test results, dependent variable: ROA.4: Hausman test results, dependent variable: Z-score.5: Fixed-Effects Regressions with two oil measures - Dependent 48 variable: ROA.6: System Generalized Method of Moments Regressions - 52 Dependent variable: ROA Table 3.7: Fixed-Effects Regressions with two oil measures - Dependent 54 variable: ZSCORE.8: System Generalized Method of Moments Regressions - 57 Dependent variable: ZSCORE.9: Fixed-Effects Regressions for the sample group with positive 60 quarterly oil price change, dependent variables: ROA.10: Fixed-Effects Regressions for the sample group with 61 negative quarterly oil price change, Dependent Variables: ROA.11: Random Effects Regressions for the sample group with 64 positive quarterly oil price change, Dependent Variables: ZSCORE.12: Random Effects Regressions for the sample group with 64 negative quarterly oil price change, Dependent Variables: ZSCORE.
Significance of the study. Vietnam's financial system heavily relies on the banking industry. The efficiency of the banking sector plays a pivotal role in the overall financial development of a country. Commercial banks assume a crucial responsibility in cushioning the budget deficit and providing financial support to businesses of all types and sizes.
Due to the evident importance of serving as a bridge among individuals and organizations within the global economy, banks acquire a prominent position in the economic domain (Dao and Nguyen, 2020). Given the significance of the banking sector, it is essential that authorities and policymakers consider factors that can influence the banking operations. Determinants impacting bank performance are commonly categorized into internal and external factors. Internal determinants include variables that are affected by bank's management decisions and policy objectives.
Conversely, external determinants are not directly dependent on the decisions and policies of banks but rather by external events such as macroeconomic matters (Staikouras and Wood, 2004). The macroeconomic environment is frequently subject to fluctuations, which can arise because of changes in inflation, unemployment, exchange rates, or government policies,. Oil price volatility is also recognized as a key contributor to economic instability (Zavadska, Morales and Coughlan, 2020). Oil is a fundamental power resource that drives economic growth and development.
The price variability has been particularly observed in the crude oil market over the past decades. This can be attributed to the fact that oil is the most traded commodity across nations (Ebrahim, Inderwildi and King, 2014). Oil prices are not only determined by demand and supply levels, but they are also influenced by business cycles, speculative activities, and political influences (Hamilton, 2009; Robe and Wallen, 2016). Volatility in oil prices is regarded as an important but complicated issue.
Various components in the global economy are vulnerable to macroeconomic side effects due to its reliance on oil-derived fuels. Loads of studies have examined oil price determinants and the impact of price volatility on other industries and 1 economic variables. However, the existing literature lacks a comprehensive examination of the relationships between oil price volatility and banking segment. Specifically, there are few studies that have looked at how oil price shocks affect bank performance in oil-importing emerging nations with bank-based financial systems like Vietnam.
On the other hand, the banking industry is also a common subject in study. Scholars and researchers across fields have extensively explored the complexities and dynamics of this segment. Literature delves into lots of aspects such as regulatory framework, risk management practices, technological advancements, and the influence of many different variables on bank performance. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of research that examines commercial banks under the impact of oil price shocks.
As a result of the significant globalization in recent years, the Vietnam economy has been considerably engaged in the global economy. Although this integration brings many opportunities to economic development, it also imposes significant risks to the economic entities, in which the commercial banks are one of the main dependents. For example, the recent global energy crisis which was triggered by the Russia - Ukraine War resulted in energy supply shortages, a surge in inflation rates, and disruptions in the global supply chain,. These consequences contribute to an atmosphere of uncertainty within the banking sector.
Taking into account the aforementioned situation and enormous contribution that the banking industry provides to the Vietnam economy but lack of study that has been done on this topic, this thesis aims to fill the gap by providing an in-depth analysis of the influence that oil price shocks have on the overall performance of commercial banks.