UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS ERAMUS UNIVERSITY ROTTERDAM HO CHI MINH CITY INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM - NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS THE GROWTH EFFECT OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INTEGRATION: EVIDENCE FROM CROSS COUNTRY ANALYSIS BY HO THY DUNG Academic Supervisors: Dr. DUONG NHU HUNG MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY, December 2016 123doc UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS ERAMUS UNIVERSITY ROTTERDAM HO CHI MINH CITY INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM - NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS THE GROWTH EFFECT OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INTEGRATION: EVIDENCE FROM CROSS COUNTRY ANALYSIS By HO THY DUNG Academic Supervisors: Dr. DUONG NHU HUNG HO CHI MINH CITY, December 2016 123doc CERTIFICATION “I certify that the substance of this thesis has not already been submitted for any degree and have not been currently submitted for any other degree. I certify that to the best of my knowledge and help received in preparing this thesis and all sources used have been acknowledged in this thesis.” HO THY DUNG 123doc ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Doctor Duong Nhu Hung, my supervisor.
His inspiration together with supports has encouraged me to complete this thesis. I also take this chance to convey my sincere thanks to Doctor Truong Dang Thuy. I am so appreciate to his help and enthusiasm. Finally, I am deeply grateful to my family, friends, Ms.
Tang Thi Xuan Hong (Programme Secretary) and my colleagues for their help and sharing of their resources to complete this thesis successfully and in time. Thanks so much for everything! 123doc ABSTRACT Currently, international financial integration (IFI) is a trend of the world. However, there is little evidence of its positive impact on the economic growth. The reasons can be error in measurement of IFI indicators, the multicollinearity among variables in model (Quinn and Toyoda, 2008).
They may lead to the inconsistent results and accounts in part for larger standard errors and biased estimator. Different data might also contribute to these inconsistent results. The targets of this paper is to study the role of IFI on economic growth with impact of macroeconomic instability using FDI and portfolio investment capital with 2 weighted ways to proxy for IFI. With the latest annual data in the period of 1982- 2014, the paper employs GMM method for estimating the panel-data.
We start by employing VIF indicators and normal distribution assumption to choose conditional variables, dropping outliers and collinearity. We also provide a global picture about the economic performance of countries in the world. In empirical analysis, my research finds a robust and positive statistically significant association between flow of FDI and the real GDP per capita growth. The finding emphasizes the important role of IFI in enhancing economic growth.
We also find a weak evidence that macroeconomic instability has negative effect on the impact of IFI on economic growth. Interestingly, my thesis asserts the existence of inverse linkage between money supply and economic growth. This finding is sharply contrasts with conventional wisdom of many people who think that financial deepening will benefit for economic growth. IFI International financial integration ii.
FDI Foreign Direct Investment iii. FE Fixed Effect Model iv. RE Random effect model v. GMM Generalized moment of method vi.
VIF Variance inflation factor vii. OLS Ordinary least squares 123doc TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 .5 Organization of the study.1 International financial integration .2 Theoretical Background underlying IFI and economic growth .2 Exogenous Growth Theory.3 Endogenous Growth Theory .1 Learning by doing model .2 Research and development model .3 Theoretical Background relate to relationship between IFI and growth .1 Overview of relationship between IFI and growth .1 Determinants of international financial integration .1 De jure measures .2 De factor measures .1 Measures of international financial integration .2 Data for variables in model .1 The real GDP per capita growth .2 The international financial integration. Overview of real GDP per capita growth in The World .2 Correlation of coefficients .3 Empirical result for panel data. 37 CONCLUSION AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS.
Limitation and further research. 41 List of 48 countries in research. 41 Regression Result from Panel Data. 41 Result with IFI1 and all control variables .41 Result with IFI1, adding and subtracting variables .42 Result with IFI2 and all control variables .44 Result with IFI2, adding and subtracting variables .44 Fisher test for independent variables.
47 123doc LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Effect of IFI on growth in 11 aspects………………………………………….2: Summary of the empirical papers relate to relationship between IFI and growth ……………………………………………………………………………………….1: Data for international financial integration ………………………………….2: Summary of variables in the model …………………………………….4: Fisher test with lag (1)……………………………………………………… 33 Table 4.5: Panel regression………………………………………………………………34 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: The relationship between international financial integration and economic growth……………………………………………………………………………….1: Trend of real GDP per capita growth in the World from 1982 to 2014….… 28 123doc Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT Capital have played an important role in the economic theory. Adam Smith and David Ricardo have perspectives that stress on the important of capital accumulation, social capital, free trade, etc. in which the economy is self-regulating and always at full-employment (Letiche, 1960). Exogenous growth theory of Slow and Swan stated that capital accumulation is one of input factors of the economy growth in long run (Solow, 1956, Swan, 1956).
Arrow (1962) pointed out that specialization would affect the comparative advantage of a country. And flow of capital or new investment as a source stimulate the learning by doing process. Hence, both physical and human capital will increase economic growth. In Cobb-Douglas function, we see that capital is also main input of the economic growth (Hall and Jones, 1996).
Since the late 1980s, the world has witnessed a trend towards the deepening integration of the domestic financial markets. There are many research on growth benefit of international financial integration (IFI) but they cannot provide strong evidence on this subject. Then researchers tend to find out the threshold effects in the process of IFI. According to their view, financial globalization will have better impacts with a certain level of some threshold conditions (Kose et al.
However, majority of them show a mixed effects or no robust result while only a number of papers find a positive benefit of financial globalization (Kose et al., 2006, Kose et al. Recently, it is important to understand the impacts of IFI on growth when the trend of opening financial market generally continued over the world. IFI not only lead to large benefits but can also come with crises and contagion (Schmukler, 2004). Many critics argued that IFIs’ benefits were intangible and undocumented after the Asian crisis of 1997–98 (Obstfeld, 2009).
So where is the real result of the financial integration process that many countries are pursuing? In addition, are there certain conditions for the better impacts of IFI on growth? Although there are many debates, empirical research on this issue have just exploded in recent time and along many channels. Ho Thy Dung / MDE K21 1 123doc For these reasons, I would like to present some new evidences on the impacts of IFI on economic growth. Whether international financial integration could be a reason for an increasing in economic growth or not? This study concerned about the differences in economic growth across countries in the world from 1982-2014 and possible factors that affect economic growth. We use a large data set, which includes more countries and additional years.
In particular, I look at capital flow as channel through which international financial integration affect economic growth.2 Research objectives My main research objectives are listed below: Examine whether IFI has taken part in increasing economic growth in the world. Examine whether the growth effect of IFI is influenced by macroeconomic instability and financial deepening. To suggest policies to speed up economics growth associated with IFI process of countries in the world.3 Research questions In order to achieve these objectives, my thesis is in an effort to find out answers for the two following research questions: a. Does IFI have a positive impact on economics growth at country level? b.
Does the growth effect of IFI vary under different development characteristics of countries? 1.4 Research Methodology My research intended to use quantitative method with panel data of 48 countries from 1982 to 2014. The use of panel data has many advantages such as we could control for unobserved heterogeneity and to rule out the bias of omitted variable. I use VIF indicators and normal distribution assumption to choose conditional variables and dropping outliers. Because of the possibility of endogeneity between IFI variables and real GDP per capita, real GDP per capita and lag of it.
I will use GMM command in Stata. We run regression for each period of three years because it helps to support result influenced by the short-term impact. Ho Thy Dung / MDE K21 2 123doc 1.5 Organization of the study My paper consists of four main parts. The first part is introduction chapter.
Chapter 2 is the theoretical framework to make sure that my research is built on a truly of scientific knowledge. It widely discuss about definition of IFI, present theoretical insights as well as empirical works of previous scholars. It also present the regression results from panel data using GMM command. Chapter 3 is the research methodology.
In this chapter, I will set up models to find out the impact of IFI on economics growth with conditional factors. Chapter 4 draws conclusion of this research and chapter 5 recommend policies in order to help policy makers have better policies with IFI process. Ho Thy Dung / MDE K21 3 123doc Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW I begin this chapter by discussing Aspects of IFI. Next, the theoretical background about relation of economic growth and international financial integration along is presented.
Finally, we have an overview of empirical works about this issue and their results.1 International financial integration The concept of market integration is central to research in international finance, international economics and development economics. Before defining international financial integration, we look at financial integration. Emanuelsson et al. (2012) generalized that we have direct financial integration when the risk-adjusted returns are the same between financial markets.
We have indirect financial integration when the return of investments between different markets are linked indirectly. And we have total financial integration when direct and indirect financial integration are coexist. Moreover, we also have concept of perfect total financial integration and segmentation. In this case, the markets will have one real interest rate or opposite circumstance, respectively.
The level of integration is influenced by transaction cost between markets. Based on empirical studies, the researchers used many ways to define financial integration. The most common approach focuses on geographical integration. This is also the way that our paper research the financial integration.
It mention international financial integration or financial integration across countries and their economic growth.2 Theoretical Background underlying IFI and economic growth IFI means the way capital flows move across countries, which results a direct change of domestic Savings, technological, management and domestic financial sector development. Beside of that IFI also promote for specialization, better economic policies and signaling (Prasad et al. Hence, discussion about theories that relates to IFI and growth is very useful. It helps us a clearer understanding about growth as well as the simplest way IFI affect to growth.
In other way, economic Ho Thy Dung / MDE K21 4 123doc growth came from stock of factors of production or efficiency of those factors. This laid the basis for model of the research.1 Classical Theory It is represented by Adam Smith and David Ricardo. Smith stated that the economy is influenced by an invisible hand with the objective economic rules. However, it need conditions including commodity production and commodity exchange.
He also thought that the accumulation of capital and the efficiency of labor are two main factors lead to the economic growth.