VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY NGUYEN NGOC HOANG CHAU EXTERNAL CLEAR AND GOLD LACQUER ON TINPLATE FOR 3-PIECE GENERAL LINE CAN BODY AND ENDS Department: Faculty of Chemical engineering Code: 8520301 MASTER THESIS HO CHI MINH CITY, August 2022 CỌNGăTRÌNHă CăHOĨNăTHĨNHăT I TR NGă IăH CăBÁCHăKHOA ậ HQGă-HCM Cánăb ăh ngăd năkhoaăh că: PGS.ăLêăTh ăKimăPh ng (Ghiărõăh ,ătên,ăh căhàm,ăh căv ăvàăch ăkỦ) Cánăb ăch mănh năxétă1ă: TS.ăTr năT năVi t (Ghiărõăh ,ătên,ăh căhàm,ăh căv ăvàăch ăkỦ) Cánăb ăch mănh năxétă2ă: PGS.TS Lê Anh Kiên (Ghiărõăh ,ătên,ăh căhàm,ăh căv ăvàăch ăkỦ) Lu năv năth căs ăđ căb oăv ăt iăTr ng i h c Bách Khoa, HQG Tp. HCM ngày 13 tháng 08 n mă2022. Thành ph n H i đ ng đánh giá lu n v n th c s g m: (Ghi rõăh ,ătên,ăh căhàm,ăh căv ăc a H i đ ng ch m b o v lu n v n th c s ) 1. Ch ăt ch:ăPGS.TSăNguy năTr ngăS n 2.
Th ăkỦ:ăTS.ăPh măHoàngăHuyăPh căL i 3.ăPh năbi nă1:ăTS.ăPh năbi nă2:ăPGS.TSăLêăAnhăKiên 5.ăPh măTh ăH ngăPh ng Xác nh n c a Ch t ch H i đ ng đánh giá LV và Tr ngăKhoaăqu n lý chuyên ngành sau khi lu n v n đã đ c s a ch a (n u có). CH T CH H I NG TR NG KHOA K THU T HÓA H C i IăH CăQU CăGIAăTP.HCM C NG HÒA XÃ H I CH NGH A VI T NAM TR NG I H C BÁCH KHOA c l p-T do-H nh phúc NHI M V LU N V N TH C S H ătênăh căviên:ăăNguy năNg căHoàngăChâu MSHV: 1970157 Ngày,ătháng,ăn măsinh:ăă06/05/1996 N iăsinh:ăTi năGiang Chuyên ngành: K ăthu tăhóaăh c Mưăs : 8520301 I. TÊN TÀI: CH ăT OăL P PH NGOÀI TRÊN N N THI C CHO THÙNG 3 M NH (EXTERNAL CLEAR AND GOLD LACQUER ON TINPLATE FOR 3-PIECE GENERAL LINE CAN BODY AND ENDS) NHI M V VÀ N I DUNG: - T ng quan v l p ph trên bao bì kim lo i và s phát tri n c a ngành trong th iăđi m hi n nay. - Th c nghi m : Kh o sát lo i và t l nh a.
Kh o sát lo i và t l xúc tác. Kh o sát lo i và t l các ph gia khác. Kh o sát lo i và t l dung môi. NGÀY GIAO NHI M V : (Ghi theo trongăQ ăgiaoăđ tài) 14/02/2022 III.
NGÀY HOÀN THÀNH NHI M V :ă(GhiătheoătrongăQ ăgiaoăđ tài) 06/06/2022 IV.ăLêăTh ăKimăPh ng Tp. n m 2022 CÁN B H NG D N CH NHI M B MÔN ÀO T O (H ătênăvàăch ăkỦ) (H ătênăvàăch ăkỦ) TR NG KHOA K THU T HÓA H C (H ătênăvàăch ăkỦ) ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my family, instructors, and friends for their ongoing support of my learning in the past years and this thesis. Thanks to their help and encouragement, I have overcome many difficulties in the journey to achieve my Master's degree. I am very grateful to my supervisor, Assoc.
Le Thi Kim Phung for not only providing the necessary infrastructure and resources to accomplish my research work but also allowing me to learn many things in the lab and orientation for my future. Besides my supervisor, I would like to thank my enthusiastic colleague Nguyen Ngoc Qui in my company for their priceless academic advice, support as well as valuable and constructive comments on my thesis manuscript, and assistance to increase the quality of the thesis. It was a great privilege and honor to work under their guidance. Also, I am extending my thanks to my dear colleagues on the R&D team, in which I would express my appreciation to my partner Nguyen Hieu Phap for giving me help to wash all dirty laboratory instruments after every exhausting working day and Nguyen Hoang Tuan for helping me testing MEK resistance.
Also, I would like to thank my close friends who have been together for a long time, always being beside me whenever I need them. We will be best friends forever. Moreover, I would like to give the warmest hug to my big sister Nguyen Thi Hoai Thu for a lot of helpful advice, and all the things she gave me. Last but not least, I am deeply grateful to my parents, uncle, aunt, and younger sister for their love, care, and sacrifices for my future.
Nguyen Ngoc Hoang Chau Ho Chi Minh City, May 2022 iii TÓM T T Cácăthùngăch aăb ngăkimălo iăth ngăđ căph ăm tăl păph ăđ ăb oăv ăkimă lo iăkh iătácă đ ngăc aămôiătr ng.ăTínhăch tăc aăl păph ăph ăthu căvàoătínhăch tă c aăs năph mămà nóăch a,ăkhôngăcóăl păph ănàoăcóăth ăs ăd ngăđ căchoăt tăc ăcácă s năph mă(đápă ngăđ căt tăc ăcácăyêuăc uăv ăkhángădungămôi,ăkhángăki m,ăkhángă axit,ăđ ăbámădính,ăđ ăc ng,ăđ ăbóng,ăđ ăd o…).ă ăph ăcácăthùngăthi că(d ngăthùngă 3ăm nh)ădùngăch aăcácăs năph mănh ăm c,ăs n,ăkeoădính,…ăc năcóăm t l păph ăđ tă cácăyêuăc uăv đ ăc ng,ăkhángăhóaăch t,ăđ ăd o,ăđ ănh t. M cătiêuăc aălu năv nălàă tìmăraăm tăcôngăth căphùăcóăth ăph ătrênăthùngăthi că(3ăm nh)ădùngăđ ăđ ngăcácăs nă ph măcôngănghi pănh ăm căin,ăs n,ăkeoădính,…ăphùăh păv i yêuăc uăc ăth t ănhàă s năxu tăbaoăbì. D aă trênă cácă tàiă li uă khoaă h că v ă l păph ă h uă c ăvàă t ă v nă t ă cácă nhàăs nă xu tănguyênăli uă(nh a,ăph ăgia,ădungămôi,…),ătaăđ aăraăđ căcôngăth căbanăđ u.ă Sauăđóăápăd ngăph ngăphápăsàngăl căđ ăt iă uăhóaăt ăl ănh aăchính/ch tăđóngăr nă vàăhàmăl ngăcácănguyênăli uăkhác.ăTínhăch tăcu iăcùngăc aăs năph măđ căquy tă đ nhăd aătrênăgiáăc ,ăngu nănguyênăli u, tiêuăchu năt ăkháchăhàngăvàăth ătr ngăv ă đ ăc ngă(2H),ăđ ăbámă(5B),ăđ ăbóng,ăđ ăb nău n,… iv ABSTRACT Cans are usually coated with an organic layer that protects the integrity of the can from the effects of the environment and prevents chemical reactions between the can's metal and the environment. The requirement of the coating depends on the features of the product so it is difficult to meet all requirements such as alkali, acid, solvent resistance, adhesion, hardness, gloss, and flexibility…ă by an only formula for all types of product.
Nowadays, to cover tin cans (3-piece) which uses to store industrial products such as ink, paint, and adhesive…ăthisălayerăneedsătoăhaveăsomeă specific requirements such as hardness, chemical resistance, flexibility, viscosity. Therefore, the aim of the thesis is to find a suitable formulation that applies to a tin can (3-piece) that stores ink, paint, and adhesive…ăandăadaptăsomeăfunctionsăfromă the packaging manufacturers. Based on scientific documents about organic coating and consultation from the ingredient suppliers, the initial choice is given to make the starting formulation. The screening method is applied to optimize the ratio of the main resin and cross- linker and the number of other compositions.
The final choice adapts the standard regarding adhesion (5B), pencil hardness (2H), flexibility, viscosity, and gloss. v DECLARATION The author confirms that all the contents used in this thesis are unique and are completely quoted and cited. Ho Chi Minh City, August 13th, 2022 (Full name & signature) Nguyen Ngoc Hoang Chau vi TABLE OF CONTENTS NHI MăV ăLU NăV NăTH CăS. v TABLE OF CONTENTS.
vi LIST OF FIGURES. viii LIST OF TABLE. 1 Scope and limitation of the study. 2 CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW.
Structure of tinplate. Can coating process [6]. Curing of paint. Adhesion of coating.
Ingredients of can coating. Future of can coating. The recent work on can coating. 32 CHAPTER 2: EXPERIMENT AND MATERIALS.
Producing films of uniform thickness (ASTM D 823) [38]. Resistance to cracking (flexibility) (ASTM D 522) [39]. Film hardness by pencil test (ASTM D 3363) [40]. Measuring adhesion by tape test (ASTM D 3359) [41].
Density of liquid coatings (ASTM D 1475) [42]. Viscosity by Ford viscosity cup (ASTM D 1200) [43]. 48 CHAPTER 3: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. External clear lacquer.
The ratio of hardener to main resin. External gold lacquer. The ratio of hardener to main resin. Solvent for external gold lacquer.
80 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2. Process of making varnish from solid resin. Process of making topcoat. Pencil hardness tester.
Relationship between solid content and viscosity. The influence of hardener amount on coating properties. The influence of catalyst amount on MEK resistance and pencil hardness. The influence of wax amount on pencil hardness.
The effect of solvent type on the viscosity of mixture. The influence of solvent on the changing process of viscosity. The influence of hardener amount on coating properties. The influence of catalyst amount on MEK resistance and pencil hardness .9 The effect of solvent type on the viscosity of mixture.
The influence of solvent on the changing process of viscosity. 76 ix LIST OF TABLE Table 3. Type of commercial epoxy. Relationship between solid content and viscosity.
Types of commercial hardener for epoxy. The influence of hardener amount on coating properties. Type of commercial catalyst for epoxy-amine system. The influence of catalyst amount on coating properties.
Types of commercial wax. The influence of wax amount on coating properties. Type of solvent in can coating. The influence of solvent on coating properties.
The influence of solvent on the changing process of viscosity. Coating properties of external clear lacquer. The influence of hardener amount on coating properties. The influence of catalyst amount on coating properties.
The influence of solvent on coating properties of external gold lacquer. The influence of solvent on coating properties. The influence of solvent on the changing process of viscosity. Coating properties of external gold lacquer.
77 x ABBREVIATION BGE Butyl Glycol Ether BPA Bisphenol A/diphenylol propane CAS Chemical Abstracts Service DDBSA Dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid DNNDSA Dinonyl naphthalene di sulfonic acid EEW Epoxide equivalent weight MEK Methyl Ethyl Ketone MOT Molecular orbital theory MPA Methoxypropyl Acetate MW Molecular weight NBA Normal Butyl Alcohol NV Non volatile PM Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether p-TSA p-toluene sulfonic acid TDS Technical data sheet VBT Valence bond theory VOC Volatile organic compounds WPE Weight per epoxide 1 INTRODUCTION Background Protective can coating offers corrosion control and ensures long-term protection within a wide range of corrosive conditions. The global can coating market is valued to reach 2.05 billion USD by 2022, growing at a compounded annual growth rate of 3.25% during the forecast period 2020-2026. An increase in the global supply of food and beverages in cans, a surge in personal care, chemical and pharmaceutical industries, and rising demand for soft drinks, coupled with the recyclability of cans are the key factors augmenting the market growth.[1] The Asia Pacific is the fastest-growing market for can coating. The growth of the segment is mainly attributed to the increasing demand for the can coating in the packaging industry for the packaging of pharmaceutical, food & beverage, and chemical products.
The increasing per capita expenditure on healthcare, personal care, and food & beverage products, huge consumer base, growing urban population, low labor costs, and easy availability of raw materials are attracting international pharmaceutical, chemical, and food & beverage manufacturers to shift their production facilities to the region, thus creating a high demand for metal cans in these industries. This, in turn, is expected to fuel the consumption of can coating in mentioned applications.[2] With one of the fastest-growing industries in the South East Asian region, Vietnam has attracted many regional and multinational can producers to set up their manufacturing bases in the country. However, most of the can coating supply comes from abroad. Scope and limitation of the study The can coating market divides into food, beverage, aerosol, closures, and general segments.