Phương pháp giải quyết tranh chấp thay thế trong luật hợp đồng: So sánh giữa Mỹ và Việt Nam

Chuyên khảo luật học phân tích Khoá luận tốt nghiệp alternative dispute resolution adr methods in american and vietnamese contract, đánh giá các khía cạnh quan trọng, đề xuất

• Tác giả: Le Hong Anh
• Người hướng dẫn: PhD. Candidate Do Thi Anh Hong
• Trường học: Hanoi Law University
• Chuyên ngành: Comparative Law
• Đề tài: So Sánh Các Phương Pháp Giải Quyết Tranh Chấp Thay Thế Trong Luật Hợp Đồng Mỹ Và Việt Nam
• Loại tài liệu: bachelor's thesis
• Năm xuất bản: 2023
• Địa điểm: Hanoi

Mục lục chi tiết

• STATUTORY DECLARATION
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
• TABLE OF CONTENT
• PREFACE
• 0.1. Rationale of the Thesis
• 0.2. Literature review of previous studies related to the Thesis
• 0.3. Scientific and practical significance of the Thesis
• 0.4. Research objectives of the Thesis
• 0.5. Research objects and research scope of the Thesis
• 0.6. Methodology and research methods
• 0.6.1. Methodology
• 0.6.2. Research methods
• 0.7. Thesis structure
• 1. CHƯƠNG 1: THEORETICAL ISSUES OF ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION METHODS
• 1.1. The concept of contract and contract dispute
• 1.1.1. The definition of contract
• 1.1.2. The definition and characteristics of contract dispute
• 1.1.3. Contract dispute resolution
• 1.1.3.1. The concept of contract dispute resolution
• 1.1.3.2. Significance of contract dispute resolution
• 1.1.3.3. Alternative dispute resolution methods
• 1.1.3.3.1. The definition of alternative dispute resolution methods
• 1.1.3.3.2. Classification of alternative dispute resolution methods
• 1.1.3.3.3. Distinction between alternative dispute resolution methods and litigation
• 1.2. Conclusion for Chapter 1
• 2. CHƯƠNG 2: ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION METHODS IN AMERICAN AND VIETNAMESE CONTRACT LAW
• 2.1. Alternative dispute resolution methods in American contract law
• 2.1.1. Negotiation as an alternative dispute resolution method in American contract law
• 2.1.1.1. Choice of negotiation
• 2.1.1.2. Conduct of negotiation proceedings
• 2.1.2. Mediation as an alternative dispute resolution method in American contract law
• 2.1.2.1. The mediation agreement
• 2.1.2.2. Conduct of mediation proceedings
• 2.1.2.3. Effectiveness of mediation decision
• 2.1.3. Arbitration as an alternative dispute resolution method in American contract law
• 2.1.3.1. The arbitration agreement
• 2.1.3.2. Conduct of arbitration proceedings
• 2.1.3.3. The arbitration award
• 2.1.3.4. The arbitration clause in contract
• 2.2. Alternative dispute resolution methods in Vietnamese contract law
• 2.2.1. Negotiation as an alternative dispute resolution method in Vietnamese contract law
• 2.2.1.1. Choice of negotiation
• 2.2.1.2. Conduct of negotiation proceedings
• 2.2.2. Mediation as an alternative dispute resolution method in Vietnamese contract law
• 2.2.2.1. The mediation agreement
• 2.2.2.2. Conduct of mediation proceedings
• 2.2.2.3. Effectiveness of mediation decision
• 2.2.3. Arbitration as an alternative dispute resolution method in Vietnamese contract law
• 2.2.3.1. The arbitration agreement
• 2.2.3.2. Conduct of arbitration proceedings
• 2.2.3.3. The arbitration award
• 2.2.3.4. The arbitration clause in contract
• 2.3. Alternative dispute resolution methods in American and Vietnamese contract law from a comparative perspective
• 2.3.1. Provisions on negotiation in American and Vietnamese contract law from a comparative perspective
• 2.3.1.1. Choice of negotiation
• 2.3.1.2. Conduct of negotiation proceedings
• 2.3.2. Provisions on mediation in American and Vietnamese contract law from a comparative perspective
• 2.3.2.1. The mediation agreement
• 2.3.2.2. Conduct of mediation proceedings
• 2.3.2.3. Effectiveness of mediation decision
• 2.3.3. Provisions on arbitration in American and Vietnamese contract law from a comparative perspective
• 2.3.3.1. The arbitration agreement
• 2.3.3.2. Conduct of arbitration proceedings
• 2.3.3.3. The arbitration award
• 2.3.3.4. The arbitration clause in contract
• 2.3.4. Reasons for similarities and differences
• 2.4. Conclusion to Chapter 2
• 3. CHƯƠNG 3: IMPLICATIONS TO IMPROVE ON ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE METHODS IN VIETNAMESE CONTRACT LAW
• 3.1. Guiding principles for the proposals to improve provisions on alternative dispute resolution methods in Vietnamese contract law
• 3.2. Specific proposals to improve provisions on alternative dispute resolution methods in Vietnamese contract law
• 3.2.1. Specific proposals to improve provisions on negotiation in Vietnamese contract law
• 3.2.2. Specific proposals to improve provisions on mediation in Vietnamese contract law
• 3.2.3. Specific proposals to improve provisions on arbitration in Vietnamese contract law
• 3.3. Conclusion Chapter 3
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES

Tóm tắt

I. Giới thiệu về phương pháp giải quyết tranh chấp thay thế

Trong bối cảnh toàn cầu hóa và sự phát triển nhanh chóng của thương mại quốc tế, việc quản lý các tranh chấp hợp đồng đã trở thành một vấn đề quan trọng. Phương pháp giải quyết tranh chấp thay thế (ADR) đã nổi lên như một giải pháp hiệu quả cho các tranh chấp phát sinh từ hợp đồng. Tại Mỹ, luật hợp đồng đã phát triển các hình thức ADR như thương lượng, hòa giải và trọng tài, nhằm tạo ra một quy trình giải quyết tranh chấp linh hoạt và hiệu quả. Trong khi đó, luật hợp đồng Việt Nam cũng đang dần tiếp cận các phương pháp này, mặc dù chưa phổ biến bằng. Việc so sánh giữa hai hệ thống pháp luật này không chỉ giúp hiểu rõ hơn về cách thức hoạt động của các phương pháp ADR mà còn cung cấp những bài học quý giá cho việc cải cách pháp luật tại Việt Nam.

II. Các phương pháp giải quyết tranh chấp thay thế tại Mỹ

Tại Mỹ, giải quyết tranh chấp thông qua ADR đã được quy định rõ ràng trong nhiều văn bản pháp lý. Thương lượng là bước đầu tiên trong quá trình ADR, nơi các bên tìm kiếm một thỏa thuận mà không cần sự can thiệp của bên thứ ba. Nếu thương lượng không thành công, các bên có thể chuyển sang hòa giải, trong đó một trung gian trung gian hòa giải giúp các bên tìm ra giải pháp. Cuối cùng, nếu các phương pháp trên không đạt được kết quả, trọng tài trở thành lựa chọn cuối cùng, nơi một bên thứ ba đưa ra quyết định có tính ràng buộc. Các quy định về trọng tài được ghi nhận trong Luật Trọng tài Liên bang và được hỗ trợ bởi các tổ chức như Hiệp hội Trọng tài Mỹ. Những phương pháp này không chỉ giúp giảm tải cho hệ thống tòa án mà còn mang lại sự linh hoạt và hiệu quả trong việc giải quyết tranh chấp.

III. Các phương pháp giải quyết tranh chấp thay thế tại Việt Nam

Tại Việt Nam, các phương pháp giải quyết tranh chấp như thương lượng, hòa giải và trọng tài cũng được quy định trong Luật Trọng tài thương mại và các văn bản pháp luật liên quan. Thương lượng là phương pháp phổ biến nhất, thường được các bên áp dụng trước khi tiến hành các bước pháp lý khác. Hòa giải cũng được khuyến khích, đặc biệt là trong các tranh chấp thương mại, nơi các bên có thể tìm kiếm sự hỗ trợ từ các tổ chức hòa giải. Tuy nhiên, trọng tài vẫn là phương pháp ít được sử dụng hơn, do nhiều yếu tố như thiếu hiểu biết về quy trình và sự tin tưởng vào quyết định của trọng tài. Việc cải thiện và phát triển các phương pháp ADR tại Việt Nam là cần thiết để tăng cường hiệu quả trong việc giải quyết tranh chấp.

IV. So sánh các phương pháp ADR giữa Mỹ và Việt Nam

Việc so sánh các phương pháp giải quyết tranh chấp giữa Mỹ và Việt Nam cho thấy nhiều điểm tương đồng và khác biệt. Trong khi Mỹ có một hệ thống ADR phát triển mạnh mẽ với nhiều lựa chọn và quy trình rõ ràng, Việt Nam vẫn đang trong quá trình hoàn thiện. Luật pháp Mỹ khuyến khích việc sử dụng ADR như một phương tiện chính để giải quyết tranh chấp, trong khi ở Việt Nam, mặc dù có quy định pháp lý, nhưng việc áp dụng thực tế còn hạn chế. Sự khác biệt này không chỉ phản ánh trong các quy định pháp lý mà còn trong văn hóa và thói quen của các bên tham gia. Việc học hỏi từ kinh nghiệm của Mỹ có thể giúp Việt Nam cải thiện hệ thống ADR của mình, từ đó nâng cao hiệu quả trong giải quyết tranh chấp.

V. Đề xuất cải thiện phương pháp ADR tại Việt Nam

Để nâng cao hiệu quả của các phương pháp giải quyết tranh chấp tại Việt Nam, cần có một số cải cách quan trọng. Đầu tiên, cần tăng cường giáo dục và đào tạo về ADR cho các luật sư và các bên liên quan để nâng cao nhận thức và khả năng sử dụng các phương pháp này. Thứ hai, cần xây dựng một khung pháp lý rõ ràng hơn cho trọng tài và hòa giải, đảm bảo quyền lợi của các bên và tăng cường sự tin tưởng vào quy trình. Cuối cùng, việc khuyến khích các tổ chức và doanh nghiệp áp dụng ADR trong giải quyết tranh chấp sẽ góp phần tạo ra một môi trường kinh doanh lành mạnh hơn. Những cải cách này không chỉ giúp giải quyết tranh chấp hiệu quả hơn mà còn thúc đẩy sự phát triển của nền kinh tế Việt Nam.

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

LE HONG ANH 453522 ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION (ADR) METHODS IN AMERICAN AND VIETNAMESE CONTRACT LAW: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE BACHELOR'S THESIS Hanoi- 2023 LE HONG ANH 453522 ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION (ADR) METHODS IN AMERICAN AND VIETNAMESE CONTRACT LAW, A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE ‘Major: Comparative Law BACHELOR'S THESIS SUPERVISOR PHD. CANDIDATE DO THI ANH HONG Hanoi- 2023 STATUTORY DECLARATION 1 herewith formally declare that I myself have written the submitted Bachelor's Thesis independently, the conclusions and data in the Bachelor's Thesis are truthfid and reliable / Confirmation ofsupervisor Author of Bachelor's Thesis PhD. Candidate Do Thi Anh Houg Le Hong Anh ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: Textendmy deepest gratitude to my stpervisor, PhD. Candidate Do Tha Anh Hong for her tzngawering patience, guidance, andinvaluable expertise throughout this journey.

Talso wish to express my heartfelt appreciation to the University Administrator andthe esteemed faculty members of Hanoi Law Uraversity. whose dedicated instruction and wealth of knowledge have greatly erviched my academic experience Iam also thanlfil to the Comparative Law Institute at Hanoi Law University for their prompt provision of essential resources, which played a pivotal role in inspiring and cading the timely completion of my Thesis. Finally, I am genanely gratefil to my family and friends, whose voneavering encouragement and support have been instrimental in my academic prasiats and the successful completion of my Thesis./ Author of Bachelor's Thesis Le Hong Anh: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS TE “mnph gata for example) ate et cetera (end co fort) ie id eat thatis) PG) page (pee) AAA “American Asbitration Association ADR Alternative Dispute Resolution AM Agreement to mediate CAMCA. Commercial Arbitration and Mediation Centre for the Americas crc Civil Procedure Code FAA Federal Artitration Act IAICA Inter-American Convention on Intemational Commercial Arbitration IesIp Intemational Centre or Settlement of Investment Disputes Lect Ly on Civil Judgment Enforcement MLICC UNCITRAL Model Law on International Comm erciel Conciistion UNCITRAL United Nations Commission on International Trade Lew UAA Uniorm Arbitration Act uce Uniform Commercial Code UMA Uniform Mediation Act us the United States of America nyc New York Convention RUAA Revised Uniform Arbitration Act SMA Society of Maritime Arbitrators ‘TABLE OF CONTENT Side cover Stanitory declaration.

Acknowledgements List of abbreviations. Table of contents. PREFACE 1 Rationale of the Thesis 2. Literature review of previous studies related to the Thesis 3.

Scientific and practical significance ofthe Thesis 4, Research objectives of the Thesis 5. Research objects and research scope of the Thesis. Methodology and research methods, 7. Thesis structure (Chapter 1: THEORETICAL ISSUES OF ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION METHODS.

The concep t of contract and contract dispute resolution. 7 LLL The definition of contract. The definition and characteristics of coutract dispute 9 12, ‘ontract disp ute resolution.L The concept of contract dispute resohution " 1. Significance of contract dispute resolution 13 1.3, Alternative disp ute resolution methods 13 13.1 The definition of alternative dispute resolution methods 14 1.

Classification of alternative dispute resolution methods 15 1.3, Distinction between alternative dispute resolution methods and tigation 18 Conclusion for Chap ter 1 19 Chapter 2: ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION METHODS IN AMERICAN AND VIETNAMESE CONTRACT LAW. Alternative disp ute resolution methods in American contract lw 20 DLL Neg jation as am alteruative dispute resolution method in American contract law 20 3. Choice of negotiation.2 Conduct of negotiation proceedings. Mediation as an alternative dispute resolution method in American contract law 2L 21.

The mediation agreement a 2. Conduct of mediation proceedings 2 21. Effectiveness of medietion decision. Arbitration as an alternative dispute resolution method in American contract law 24 21.

The esbitration agreement 25 21. Conduct of sbitretion proceedings 27 2. The srbitration award 28 2. The arbitration cleuse in contract.

29 Alternative disp ute resolution methods in Vietnamese contract law. Negotiation as an alternative dispute resolution method in Vietuamese contract lav 29 22. Choice of negotistion, 30 2. Conduct of negotiation proceedings 30 2.2, Mediation as an alternative dispute resolution method in Vietnamese contract law 31 33.

The mediation agreement. Conduct of mediation proceedings 2 22. Effectiveness of mediation decision. Arbitration as au alternative dispute resolution method in Vietnamese contract law 35 2.

The arbitration agreement.4, Conduct of arbitration proceedings 4 2. The arbitration award 4 3. The arbitration clause in contract. Alternative disp ute resolution methods in American and Vietnamese contract law from a comparative perspective 4 2.

Provisions ou negotiation in American and Viehtanuese coutract law from a comparative perspective 4 23. Choice of negotiation. Conduct of negotiation proceedings 4 3. Provisions ou mediation in American and Vietnamese contract law from a comparative perspective SRE R 23211.

The mediation agreement 23. Conduct of mediation proceedings. Effectiveness of mediation decision 2. Provisions ou arbitration in American and Vietnamese contract law from a comparative perspective 4 23311.

The arbitration agreement 4 2333. Conduct of arbitration proceedings 4 2335. The ebitration everd. The arbitration clause incontract 4 2.4, Reasons forsimilarities and differences “ Conclusion to Chapter 2 st Chapter 3: IMPLICATIONS TO IMPROVE ON ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE METHODS IN VIETNAMESE CONTRACT LAW 33 3.

Guiding principles for the proposals to imp rove provisions on. alternative disp ute resolution methods in Vietnamese contract lay. Specific proposals fo improve provisions on alternative disp ute resolution ‘methods in Vietnamese contract law 3 3.1 Specific propesals to improve provisions ou negotiation in Vietnamese ‘contract law 33 3.2, Specific proposals to improve provisions ou mediation in Vietnamese coutract law % 3. Specific proposals to improve provisions ou arbitration in Vietuamese contract law 55 Conclusion Chapter 3 59 ‘CONCLUSION 60 REFERENCES.

61 PREFACE 1Rationale of the Thesis In en era of burgeoning global business and trade, the management of contractual disputes has emerged as a criticel expecting research on Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) methods in contrect law in both the US and Vietnam holds immense significance, as it unveils the complexities, chellenges, end prospects entwined with resolving intemetionel commercial conflicts “The selection ofthe US for comparative analysisisinherent toits status as a global economic powerhouse end a leader in international business trensections. Its legal system, rooted in the Common Lew tradition, has exerted significant influence on intemetionel commercial lev and ADR practices, rendesing it an ideal subject for comparative study Furthermore, the diverse nature of Américen society, its receptivity to ADR mechanisms, end its impact on contrect relationships make it a pertinent and insightful context for comparative analysis. By jucteposing Americen ADR methods with those employed in Vietnamese contract law, this comparative perspective offers a comprehensive understanding of the diverse approaches to dispute resolution within contrasting legal systems and cultural settings, The exeminetion of Vietnem's Civil Law-based legal framework and its ‘waditional, historical, end institutional influences provides a dymemic contrast to the American legal context, affording sich tepestry of insights into the complexities of cross-cultural dispute resolution. While ADRmethods have edvencedin the US, they are not as prominent in Vietnam, meking œ compatison between the tvo counties indispensable for gleening valuable insights thet cen inform the improvement of ADR provisions in Vietnamese contract lew.

Therefore, this comparative perspective net any cnsiches scholarly understending of ADR methods in American and Vietnemese contract tow but also offers practical implications for legal practitioners, policymakers, and entities engaged in trensactions. This endeavor not only facilitates the advancement of ADR practices in Vietnam but also alignswith the broader global discourse on enhancing spute resolution mechenisms across diverse legal systems and cultures Therefore, these factors collectively justify the selection of the topic "A Comparative Analysis of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Methods in American ‘and Vietnamese Contract Law fos the Bachelor's Thesis, 2. Literature review of previous studies related to the Thesis 2. Foreign researches Mose, D.

(1999), "The Emergence of Alternative Dispute Resolution in Business Today" published in Equal Opportunities International, focus on the growing relevance of altemetive dispute resolution methods in the contemporery ‘business landscape, The meteril discusses vasious ADR techniques, their epplicationsin ‘business settings, and he potentil benefits associated with their adoption Marat Mukhamediyevs 2011 Master's Thesis on “Alternative Dispute Resolution in Business Contracts, especially mediation clauses” from the Faculty of Lew, Lund University, delves into the utilization of ADR, specificelly medistion clauses, within ‘business contracts. The Thesis provides insights into the advantages and challenges of incorporating mediation clauses into business agreements Elena Nosyreve's work in 2001, “Alternative Dispute Resolution in the United States and Rusia: A Comparative Evaluadion" published in the Annual Survey of Internstional & Comperstive Le, offers e comparative analysis of ADR precticesin the US end Russia. This sesearch explores the similarities, differences, and effectiveness of ADR systems in these to counties. “Alternative Dispute Resolution: A Lawyer's Guade to Mediation and other Forms ofDispute Resolition" by Alexander H.

Bevan, published in 1992 by Sweet & Mexwell in London describes some of the best known veieties, such as arbitration, adjuckcation end mediation General comparisons are drawn with other dispute resolution processes to give practical advice on the most eppropriete fom of ADR to use for a given set of ciscumstences. The text includes a mumber of cese histories, conging from personal injury isputes to construction litigation The author has also provided semple ADR clauses to ‘benefit those drafting an ADR clause for insestion into a contractor lease Stephen Balthasay's "International Commercial Arbitration — A Handbook" (second edition), published by Hert Publishing is a comprehensive guide to nternetional commercial arbitration The hendbook covers vasious aspects of the arbitration process, including its applicstion in resolving commercial disputes on a global scale The sforementioned studies have contributed mumerous legal principles and provided « broader perapective on the regulation of alternative dispute resolution inthe United States, Nonetheless, the research’s scope remains restricted, end no comparative enalyses of ADR methods in American contract lew with Vietnam heve been conducted. Domestic researches Truong Nhet Quang "Legal regulations on Contracts - Basic legal issues" provides an in-depth exploration of fundamental legal issues concerning contracts. This resource addresses key concepts and regulations seleted to contract lew, offering comprehensive insights into contract formation, performance, and other essential aspects Do Ven Dai (2017), "Commercial Arbitration Law of Vietnam - Verdicts and Verdict Comments" focuses on the commercial bitration law in Vietnam, possibly offering a collection of verdicts end insightful comments perteining to commercial srbitration cases.

This meterial is beneficil in understending the practical epplication of commercial arbitration lew and ts impact on legel decision-making, Nguyen Hien Phuong 122) discusses the "Law on contracts from the perspective of comparative lew", This resource provides a comparative anelysis of contract lews, potentially shedding light on similertien differences, and best practices in contract +sgvlation from « global perspective. This is valuable for undesstending how Vietnam's contract law aligns with or diverges from legel frameworks in other jurisdictions. The "Judicial Manual on Arbitration and Mediation” euthored by contributing uthors from the Supreme People’s Cot end IFC, is e comprehensive guide to srbitrtion and mediation practices in Vietnam, This resource offers practical insights, procedural guidelines, and best practices for resolving disputes through erbitration and smedistion within the Vietnamese legel system The "Proceedings of the Faculty Scientific Conference" by the Faculty of Economic Law (2020) titled "Resolving Business and Commercial Disputes through Negotiation and Mediation- Practice end Recommendations for Improvement” presents academic research andl practical recommendations based on conference proceedings. It offers valuable insights into methods for effectively resolving business end commercial disputes through negotiation end medistion.

‘Nguyen Thi Kh (1997) in “Eeonemie Contracts and Forms of Economic Dispute Resolution" provides foundstional insights into economic contracts and the various forms of dispute resolution commonly utilized within economic contexts Bui Thi Thuỷs (2021) "The law regarding the resolution of business disputes through negotiation mediation and enforcement in Tiemam” offers sn in-depth exploration of the legel framework end practical applicetion of dispute resotution methods in the Vietnemese business context It cen be concluded thet the majority of researches about altemative dispute resolutions in Vietnamese contract law hes not given a comparison view with America yet. Hence, the study “Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Methods in American and Vietnamese contract law - Á comparative perspective” does not coincide with these previous studies. Thisis a completely new study thet focuses onthe Vietnemese contract lew of alternative dispute resolutions in compasing with America’s 43.