MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING QUY NHON UNIVERSITY LÊ THỊ TRINH NỮ ADJACENCY PAIRS IN THE CONVERSATIONS IN THE FILM “CALL ME BY YOUR NAME” BY LUCA GUADAGNINO FIELD: English Linguistics CODE: 8.01 Supervisor: BÙI THỊ ĐÀO, Ph. e BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUY NHƠN LÊ THỊ TRINH NỮ CẶP KẾ CẬN TRONG NHỮNG ĐOẠN HỘI THOẠI TRONG PHIM “GỌI EM BẰNG TÊN ANH” CỦA LUCA GUADAGNINO Chuyên ngành: Ngôn Ngữ Anh Mã số: 8.01 Người hướng dẫn: TS. Bùi Thị Đào e I STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I certify my authorship of the master thesis submitted entitled “Adjacency pairs in the conversations in the film “Call me by your name” by Luca Guadagnino” is the result of my own research. I hereby declare that the work is submitted in partial fulfillment of the master’s degree requirements.
Any use of the works of any other author, in any form, is accurately accepted at their point of use. Binh Dinh, 2020 Signature Le Thi Trinh Nu e II ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would first and foremost like to thank my supervisor, Dr. Bui Thi Dao for providing me support, guideline, and feedback when I carried out my thesis. Without her encouragement, guidance, and comments, the thesis would have never been finished.
I would also like to extend my thankfulness to all the teachers in the Foreign Language Department at Quy Nhon University who gave me essential help as well as the most useful advice during the process of doing this thesis. Finally, my warmest thanks are sincerely sent to my family, my best friends and so many others who always offered spiritual support and encouragement when I had difficulty. Without their help, this work could not have achieved the current status of the thesis. e III ABSTRACT This is a study of adjacency pairs and verbal strategies for doing dispreferred second parts in the conversations extracted from the film.
The study aims to examine the types of adjacency pairs and verbal strategies for doing the dispreferred structure in the conversations investigated. Descriptive is considered as the main method in combining both quantitative and qualitative approaches in this study. Besides, contrastive, analytic, and synthetic methods are also used to help to work out the best possible findings. The data include a total of 250 adjacency pairs comprising 4327 words in 85 conversations.
The results show that there are 16 types of adjacency pairs proposed by Yule (1996), Schegloff (2007) and Rymes (2008) found in the film. Among them, the most dominant type making up 38.4% is Question-Answer while the smallest ones are Offer-Decline and Thanking-Response comprising 0. Besides, in 11 verbal strategies for doing a dispreferred second part suggested by Yule (1996), there are 9 verbal strategies found in the film. The biggest verbal strategy is expressing doubt with 10 cases accounting for 27.03% while the least ones are using preface, using token Yes, making it non-personal, using mitigators and hedging the negative with 2 occurrences (5.41%) of the total occurrences.
e IV TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP. III TABLE OF CONTENTS. IV ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVENTIONS. VIII LIST OF TABLES.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY. STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS. THEORY OF ADJACENCY PAIRS.
Definition of adjacency pairs. Types of Adjacency pairs. Adjacency pairs and preference structure. Verbal strategies for doing dispreferred second parts.
THE FILM “CALL ME BY YOUR NAME”. DATA SOURCES AND SAMPLES. VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION.
TYPES OF ADJACENCY PAIRS. VERBAL STRATEGIES FOR DOING DISPREFERRED SECOND PARTS. Using Token Yes. Making it non-personal.
Giving an account. Hedging the negative. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY. SUGGESTIONS OF FURTHER RESEARCH.
i e VIII ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVENTIONS [An-A] Announcement-Acknowledgement [Ap-A] Apology-Acceptance [A-A] Assessment-Agreement [A-D] Assessment-Disagreement [G-G] Greeting-Greeting [I-A] Invitation-Acceptance [I-R] Invitation-Refusal [O-A] Offer-Acceptance [O-D] Offer-Decline [P-A] Proposal-Agreement [P-D] Proposal-Disagreement [Q-A] Question-Answer [R-A] Request-Acceptance [R-R] Request-Refusal [S-A] Summons-Acknowledgemnet [T-R] Thanking-Response {DisP} Dispreferred second part Italic Used for terms and direct quotations (( )) Used to specify “some phenomenon that the transcriber does not want to wrestle with” or some non-vocal action, etc. [1], [2], [3] … Numbers of samples in the Appendix.1) … Numbers of examples in the main text. e IX LIST OF TABLES Table Titles Page numbers numbers 2.1 The general patterns of preferred and dispreferred 17 structure (Adapted from Levinson, 1983).1 Coding: Types of adjacency pairs.2 Verbal strategies for doing dispreferred second 27 parts.1 Types of Adjacency Pairs in the conversations.2 Verbal strategies for doing dispreferred second 49 parts in the conversations. RATIONALE Communication plays a fundamental role in human life, from their job to social gatherings, to their family life.
It not only helps people express their thoughts and ideas but also helps them to build healthy relationships with others. It is very exciting to learn how to use language in daily life and to express opinions and share information through conversation, especially, how to communicate together expressed through the movie. Besides, analyzing conversations between characters in a movie helps viewers understand exactly and use languages more effective in communication. Hence, investigating the conversations in the film has been considered as a necessary need to be carried out.
It is the fact that in communication, there are a lot of cases where speakers cannot show what they would like to say. This leads to a communication breakdown. Therefore, to control the conversation, both of the speakers need to be interrelated in creating the utterances. This interrelated utterance is called an adjacency pair that is a pair of interrelated utterances that consist of the first speaker and the second one.
This study aims to analyze adjacency pairs applied by all characters in “Call me by your name” movie, especially, about types of adjacency pairs and verbal strategies for doing the dispreferred second parts according to the theoretical framework of Yule (1996), Schegloff (2007) and Rymes (2008) which have been generally acknowledged. Previous researches have also addressed several fields of adjacency pairs and preference structure such as a study of linguistics features of e 2 dispreferred structures used at work in English and Vietnamese by Nguyễn Đức Thắng (2014), a contrastive study on linguistic features of adjacency pairs in English and Vietnamese romantic movies by Nguyễn Thị Phương (2015), and another on good textbooks “New Interchange 1 and 2” by Inthavong (2018). With the expectation of going further into the aspect of adjacency pairs, the research title “Adjacency pairs in the conversations in the film “Call me by your name” by Luca Guadagnino” is carried out. Aim The study aims to study types of adjacency pairs and verbal strategies for doing the dispreferred second parts in the conversations in the film “Call me by your name” by Luca Guadagnino.
Objectives To gain the aim above, two following objectives have to be reached: - to examine the types and frequencies of adjacency pairs found in the conversations between the characters involved. - to examine the verbal strategies for doing the dispreferred second parts. RESEARCH QUESTIONS The study aims to answer two following research questions: 1. What are the types of adjacency pairs and how frequently are they used in the conversations in the film? 2.
What are the verbal strategies for doing the dispreferred second parts in the conversations in the film? e 3 1. SCOPE OF THE STUDY The study focuses on the adjacency pairs in the conversations of the film directed by Luca Guadagnino, with a focus on the types of adjacency pairs and the verbal strategies for doing the dispreferred second parts. Based on the theoretical frameworks of Yule (1996), Schegloff (2007) and Rymes (2008), 250 adjacency pairs are collected from 85 conversations in the film. Meanwhile, 16 types of adjacency pairs suggested by Yule (1996), Schegloff (2007) and Rymes (2008) and 11 verbal strategies for doing the dispreferred second parts proposed by Yule (1996) are investigated.
Descriptive is considered as the main method in combining with both quantitative and qualitative approaches in this study. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY This study is believed to contribute a study on adjacency pairs and related issues in the conversations in the movie. Besides, the results of the study are also expected to help Vietnamese learners of English understand more about adjacency pairs to communicate effectively. STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS The thesis consists of 5 chapters: Chapter 1, Introduction, presents the rationale, aim and objectives, scope, research questions, significance, and the structure of the thesis.
Chapter 2, Literature Review, investigates a review of relevant theoretical aspects related to the topic research, previous studies and summarizes the main content of the film. e 4 Chapter 3, Research Methodology, describes the research methods, research procedures, data sources, samples, data analysis, validity, and reliability. Chapter 4, Findings and Discussion, deals with the results of the study. Chapter 5, Conclusions, presents the conclusions, implications, limitations and suggestions for further research.
LITERATURE REVIEW Commented [A2]: canh lai format 2. PREVIOUS STUDIES There have been certain studies conducted with data collected from the conversations in the film. Fauzia (2015), for example, studied on adjacency pairs in the modern script of Franco Zeffirelli’s Romeo and Juliet movie with a focus on the types of adjacency pairs, the preference sequences, and the functions of responses. The study applied both qualitative and quantitative methods.
The findings of the research showed that first, there were nine types of adjacency pairs in the movie. Second, there were 72 occurrences of preferred social acts and 28 occurrences of dispreferred social acts. Third, there were four types of responses that appeared in the movie; they included responding to statement, responding to question, responding to request, responding to offer and invitation. The other two types of response, namely responding to apology and responding to thank, did not occur in the movie.
In the same vein, Hamidah (2016) studied on adjacency pairs in “Frozen” by Buck and Lee. Based on the theoretical frameworks of Levinson (1983), Yule (1996), and Rymes (2008), adjacency pairs found in the movie were analyzed, especially, about types of adjacency pairs and feedback of dispreferred response. Conversation analysis was applied to analyze the data. The result of this study showed that the data were classified into 11 types.
The highest type of adjacency pairs was Question-Answer, while the lowest type was Invitation-Acceptance/Refusal. Besides, there were 55 feedbacks of dispreferred response which were classified into 7 forms of feedback, they are Act, Attitude, Expression, Act + Attitude, Act + Expression, Expression + Attitude, and No Response. Meanwhile, the largest form of feedback of dispreferred response was Attitude, while the smallest form was Act + e 6 Expression. Also related to movies, Nguyễn Thị Phương (2015) made a contrastive study between English and Vietnamese romantic movies focusing on adjacency pairs and verbal strategies in doing dispreferred second parts in the conversations in English and Vietnamese films.
The data consisted of 200 adjacency pairs in each language taken from English and Vietnamese romantic movies. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used in the study. The findings exhibited similarities and differences in the realizations of adjacency pairs and in doing dispreferred seconds. The findings also showed that differences in culture had impact on the way people did their dispreferred seconds.
Another relevant study was conducted by Inthavong (2018). He studied on adjacency pairs in New Interchange 1 and 2, with a concentration on the types of adjacency pairs, verbal strategies, and indirect parts. Based on the theoretical framework of Levinson (1983) and Yule (1996), 243 adjacency pairs were collected from the conversations in these textbooks. The results showed that there were 16 types of adjacency pairs realized in the conversations in the textbooks.
Besides, all the verbal strategies proposed by Yule (1996) were found in combination with two new ones were also found in the data. Additionally, direct parts appeared almost 4.5 times as often as indirect ones and indirect first parts almost double indirect second parts.