Đô la hóa tại Việt Nam: Tình hình, Biện pháp và Tác động từ 2000 đến 2011

Tài liệu nghiên cứu Dollarization a case study of vietnam situation measures and effects from 2000 2011 graduation, tổng hợp lý thuyết và thực hành, cung cấp kiến thức chuyên sâu

Trường đại học

Banking Academy

Chuyên ngành

Foreign Language

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

graduation thesis

2012

54
2
0

Phí lưu trữ

30 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Rationale to the study

1.2. Aim and scope of the thesis

1.3. Research questions

1.4. Research methodology

1.5. Organization of the thesis

2. CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

2.1. Definition of Dollarization

2.2. Causes of Dollarization

2.3. The economic development

2.4. Government’s economic policy

2.5. High – powerful currencies’ benefits

2.6. The people’s confidence

2.7. Types of Dollarization

3. CHAPTER 3: ANALYSIS OF VIETNAM’S CURRENT SITUATION AND MEASURES FROM 2000 TO 2011

3.1. Situation of dollarization in VN from 2000 to 2011

3.2. Causes of dollarization in Vietnam

3.3. Population’s distrust in monetary policies

3.4. Vietnam economy’s nature: on cash

3.5. Varieties of foreign currency supply to Vietnam

3.6. Impacts of Dollarization on Vietnam economy

3.7. Measures on anti-dollarization in Vietnam

3.8. Assess the effectiveness of such solutions

4. CHAPTER 4: RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION

References

Tài liệu "Nghiên cứu về Đô la hóa tại Việt Nam: Tình hình, Biện pháp và Tác động từ 2000 đến 2011" cung cấp cái nhìn sâu sắc về hiện trạng đô la hóa tại Việt Nam trong giai đoạn 2000-2011, phân tích các biện pháp đã được áp dụng và tác động của chúng đến nền kinh tế. Tài liệu không chỉ nêu rõ những thách thức mà đô la hóa mang lại cho chính sách tiền tệ mà còn đề xuất các giải pháp khả thi nhằm giảm thiểu những ảnh hưởng tiêu cực. Độc giả sẽ tìm thấy những thông tin quý giá giúp họ hiểu rõ hơn về mối quan hệ giữa đô la hóa và chính sách tiền tệ, từ đó có thể áp dụng vào nghiên cứu hoặc công việc của mình.

Để mở rộng thêm kiến thức, bạn có thể tham khảo tài liệu Thực trạng đô la hóa ở Việt Nam và ảnh hưởng của nó tới hiệu quả chính sách tiền tệ, nơi cung cấp cái nhìn chi tiết về tác động của đô la hóa đến chính sách tiền tệ tại Việt Nam. Những tài liệu này sẽ giúp bạn có cái nhìn toàn diện hơn về vấn đề đô la hóa và các chính sách liên quan.

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

BANKING ACADEMY GRADUATION THESIS STATE BANK OF VIETNAM BANKING ACADEMY Foreign Language Faculty ---------- GRADUATION THESIS Dollarization – A case study of Vietnam Situation, Measures and Effects from 2000 to 2011 Lecturers: Tran Thi Thanh Giang (MA) Nguyen Minh Nguyet (MA) Student’s name: Nguyen Minh Trang Class: ATCB – K11 Hanoi, June 2012 Nguyen Minh Trang - ATCB i BANKING ACADEMY GRADUATION THESIS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, on the completion of the study, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisors, Ms. Nguyen Thi Minh Nguyet and Ms. Tran Thi Thanh Giang for their immeasurable help, constant guidance and support during all stages of the study and beyond, from whom I have received valuable suggestions and careful critical comments. My grateful thank also goes to all lecturers in Foreign Language and Banking Faculty, who enabled me to develop an understanding of the subject and implement the study progressive and smoothly. Second, I would like to send my heartfelt thanks to all trade finance’s staff of Vietin Bank – Hanoi Branch for the internship period, in which I had opportunities to put all theory into practice. I also owe a great debt of gratitude to my families and friends, particularly the whole ATCB – K11, Banking Academy, who have constantly encouraged me and supported me wholeheartedly during the time of conducting the research. Last but not least, I would like to thank the readers who share their interest and feedback on this study. Hanoi, 6th June 2012 Nguyen Minh Trang Nguyen Minh Trang - ATCB ii BANKING ACADEMY GRADUATION THESIS ABSTRACT Recently, dollarization and U.S dollar have long become hot keywords in Vietnam, especially in the trade liberalization period when Vietnam has joined in the WTO for 6 years, 2006. It seems that the more export and import operations have been made, the more foreign currencies, particularly U.S dollars, have been used. Moreover, in daily life, there is a mounting evidence for Vietnamese people to increasingly spend and speculate in U.S dollar, that make Vietnam’s economy come to be dual-currency economy.S dollar explosion in Vietnam’s foreign currency market has pushed us to be listed as one of the highest dollarization ratio nations (>20%) over the world. Therefore, to delve into this issue, the research paper, “Dollarization – a case study of Vietnam – Situations, Measures and Effects from 2000 to 2011”, aims at reviewing the fundamental theory of dollarization; then analyzing the real situation of dollarization in Vietnam based on the secondary data analysis. By that way, dollarization’s pros and cons that impacted directly Vietnamese economy and society can be shown; finally assess the effectiveness of authorities’ solutions in law exercised during the 11-year period between 2000 and 2011 is assessed. Even though there are some limitations in mining data and information, the research still has some specific achievement, especially successfully investigating into the de facto dollarization of Vietnamese economy as well as evaluating the applied monetary policies of Vietnamese government during the 11-year period. Nguyen Minh Trang - ATCB iii BANKING ACADEMY GRADUATION THESIS TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .iii TABLE OF CONTENTS . iv LIST OF FIGURES . vi LIST OF TABLES . vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION. Rationale to the study. Aim and scope of the thesis. Organization of the thesis. 3 CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND . Definition of Dollarization . Causes of Dollarization . The economic development . Government’s economic policy. High – powerful currencies’ benefits . The people’s confidence . Types of Dollarization . Based on the function of foreign currency in economy . Based on the scope of U. Impacts of Dollarization. 13 Nguyen Minh Trang - ATCB iv BANKING ACADEMY GRADUATION THESIS CHAPTER 3: ANALYSIS OF VIETNAM’S CURRENT SITUATION AND MEASURES FROM 2000 TO 2011 . Situation of dollarization in VN from 2000 to 2011 . Causes of dollarization in Vietnam . Population’s distrust in monetary policies:. Vietnam economy’s nature: on cash. Varieties of foreign currency supply to Vietnam. Impacts of Dollarization on Vietnam economy . Measures on anti-dollarization in Vietnam. Assess the effectiveness of such solutions. 37 CHAPTER 4: RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION . 44 Nguyen Minh Trang - ATCB v BANKING ACADEMY GRADUATION THESIS LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Causes of Dollarization. 5 Figure 2: Dollarization ratios in Vietnam from 2000 to 2011. Dollarization in Vietnam - the relationship between FCD and FCC. The exchange rate of USD and VND 2000 - 2011 . Consumer price index 2000-2011 . Immigrant remittance into Vietnam 2000-2011 . International visitors to Vietnam 2000 – 2011 . FDI to Vietnam 1991 – 2011 . 28 Figure 9: Components of FDI 2001 and 2010. 29 Nguyen Minh Trang - ATCB vi BANKING ACADEMY GRADUATION THESIS LIST OF TABLES Table 1: “Dollarized” Countries, Dependencies and Territories . 6 Table 2: List of Dollarized countries (based on FCD/M2 - 1988). 17 Table 3: Unofficial dollarization in selected countries (2004) . 18 Table 4: Typical example of price quotation in USD – Que Vo industrial zone (Bac Ninh) .S dollar Outstanding Loans on Total Loan of Vietnam . 21 Table 6: Exchange rate USD/VND in 2005 . 26 Table 7: The number of FDI projects and FDI capital 2000-2011 . 30 Table 8: Export and import turnover 2004-2011. 31 Table 9: Example for the smaller denomination paper of VND in comparison with USD or EUR . 32 Nguyen Minh Trang - ATCB vii BANKING ACADEMY GRADUATION THESIS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank BOP Balance of Payment CPI Consumer Price Index ER Exchange Rate EUR Euro FCD Foreign currency deposit FDI Foreign direct investment GBP Great Britain Pound GDP Gross Domestic Product IMF International Monetary Fund M2 Broad money ODA Official Development Assistance SBV State Bank of Vietnam GSO General Statistics Office USD United States Dollar USD/VND The exchange rate between U. Dollar and Vietnam Dong CVP Communist Party of Vietnam VND Vietnam Dong WB World Bank YEN Japanese currency Nguyen Minh Trang - ATCB viii BANKING ACADEMY GRADUATION THESIS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale to the study According to reports by the International Monetary Fund and World Bank reports, only a handful of countries throughout the world use dollars as their official currency. However, unofficial dollarization is on the rise. dollar has been taking over as the world's currency of account. Much trade is now dollar- based; countries prefer to hold their central bank reserves in US dollars, and private companies as well as wealthy citizens often hold dollars or dollar-denominated assets. This macroeconomic phenomenon has attracted the attention of researchers because of the risks resulting from domestic currency depreciation. The most recent international working papers into dollarization have been done by Edwards, S. Kutan et al. (2010)… Most of the researches above have investigated the most fundamental theories of dollarization and also the generalization of global dollarization recently such as its effects and monetary policies in typical countries. For example, Edwards, S. (2001) draws the overview of dollarization, its function to curb inflation and support trading growth, especially in developing countries. Describing some positive impacts and analyzing the most basic anti-dollarizing monetary policies are the main contents of the papers by Galindo, A. Besides, to take an insight into dollarization’s multi-faceted influences, Benjamin Cohen (2000) writes in his Dollarization: Pros and cons: “In general, for dollarizing countries, advantages include lower administrative costs, a firm basis for a sounder financial sector, and lower interest rates. Disadvantages include the loss of monetary autonomy, seignorage, and a vital national symbol as well as greater vulnerability to foreign influence.” Regarding dollarization in the banking systems, Ali M. Kutan et al. (2010) illustrates the dollarization’s typical effects on bank profits, especially in the developing countries such as Latin American nations whereas Stanley Fischer (2006) investigates in the typical Israeli banking system. Since 1975 – Liberation of Saigon, Unity of Vietnam - Vietnam has experienced many challenges and changes, especially in economy and politics. Nguyen Minh Trang - ATCB 1 BANKING ACADEMY GRADUATION THESIS Vietnam’s “DOI MOI” performed in 1980s with the goal of creating a “socialist – oriented market economy” has already transformed Vietnam’s economy in the business world. From the close-door economic policy to the process of global integration, it was essential to spend increasingly foreign currencies (typically U. dollar) alongside the local currency in all three of classic functions of money (medium of exchange, store of value, unit of account). According to IMF’ Appendixes Report (2000), there were 19 countries whose proportion of deposit in foreign currencies was at a high level of more than 30% and 35 countries with the medium level of 16,4% including Vietnam. When it comes to dollarization in Vietnam, there are some outstanding researches, namely Michaël Goujon (2006), Andreas Hauskrecht and Hai (2004), Hong (2010), Jeffries (2011), etc. These studies have been based on the most common theories. However, their methods and research aims are different; hence, there are some primary conflicts amongst these authors as well as applied monetary policies to Vietnam. In general, until now, almost all the previous researches over Vietnam's dollarization have not emphasized the typical causes and effects of dollarization on Vietnam's economy. In order to contribute a better and accurate understanding of dollarization both in theory and practice, especially in the case of Vietnam from 2000 to 2011 - a sensitive and unstable economic period, the research into “Dollarization – a case study of Vietnam – Situation, Effects and Measures from 2000 to 2011” was carried out. Aim and scope of the thesis Although dollarization has been touched on many pages by many experts and writers, its specific effects on Vietnam’s economy and the local anti-dollarization measure during the period of 2000-2011 receive little coverage. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the recent impacts of dollarization on Vietnam’s economy and the effectiveness of relevant anti-dollarization measures to tackle this trend. Nguyen Minh Trang - ATCB 2 BANKING ACADEMY GRADUATION THESIS 1. Research questions In order to satisfy the aim of the study, the researcher set up two main questions: (1) What are the causes and effects of dollarization in Vietnam? (2) Are the measures by the Vietnamese Government to solve this problem effective? 1. Research methodology The thesis adopts both descriptive and quantitative approaches. Data gathered are secondary data collected from various sources including books, online newspapers, articles, journeys and annual reports of IMF, ADB, SGO, SBV… Some particular methods are also applied in the paper such as: the scientific abstraction, the inductive and deductive method, summary, comparison and statistics, etc…combined with the illustration of the system of charts and graphs by visual observation. Organization of the thesis My graduation thesis is divided into four parts:  Chapter 1: Introduction – in which the Rationale to the study, the Aim and Scope, the Research questions and the Organization of the study are presented.  Chapter 2: Theoretical background – presents the fundamental knowledge of dollarization in definition, types, causes and effects.  Chapter 3: Analysis of Vietnam’s current situation and measures from 2000 to 2011 – this chapter describes the most important part of the paper: analyze the de-facto situation of dollarization in Vietnam from 2000 to 2011, assess on both positive and negative impacts and delve into the government’s relevant solutions.  Chapter 4: Recommendations and conclusion – further comments and suggestions of this graduation thesis are discussed.  References – in which the valuable data and sources used in research process are presented. Nguyen Minh Trang - ATCB 3 BANKING ACADEMY GRADUATION THESIS CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 2. Definition of Dollarization Dollarization of the economy is a common phenomenon over the business world, especially in the developing countries, in Southeast Asia and South America. It can be usually understood as in an economy when the foreign currencies are widely used to alternative all or some functional of domestic currency, then the economy were considered as whole or part of dollarization.

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