TECHNISCHE Cu) UNIVERSITAT DRESDEN HANOIUNIVELSITY OF ScIENcE DTESDEH UHIVETSITV 0F TEchIl0L0GV PhAM THI bich HG0c HIVESTIGATIOI OF A LYSIMETETD USING ThE SIMULATIOIM TOOL SiWaPr0 DSS AHD ADAPTA TI0II 0E ThIS PrOGrAM TO VIETITAMESE TEQUITEMEIITS MASTET ThESIS Supervis0rs: Pr0f. Peler W0lfgang Graeber Dipl. Fene blankeneurg Technical University Dresden Institute f0r Waste Management and cOntaminated Site Treatment han0i - 2008 AckTIOWLEDGEMETITS Tw0 years have passed and marked a hislOrical pathway 10ward my Master degree. The tw0 years were full Of challenges, hOpes, imspiratiOn and wOnderful supp0ri fr0m many pe0ple.
I wOuld like 10 thank yOu all fOr a big variely Of reasOns: My first greatest thanks gO 10 my tulOrs Prof. Peter WOlfgang Graeser and Dipl. Tene blankenburg fOr having guided, suppO0ried and accOm- panied me thr0ugh the prOcess Of this Master thesis. Thanks alsO fOr having greatly cOntrinuted 10 the thesis with yOur vast experience and advice.
Many thanks 10 PrOf. bui Duy cam and Assc. Iguyen Thi Diem Trang fOr making great effOrts 10 establish and design the training pr0gram frame fOr this master cOurse and devel0p it, sO I cam have a chance 10 jOin this cOurse. My ackn0wledgements gO alsO 10 all teachers frOm han0i University Of Sciences in Vielnam and Institute fOr Waste Management and cOmtaminated Site Treatment in Germany fOr giving me 10ts Of valuable and interesting lectures and helping us 10 understand mOre clearly and have a †h0r0ugh grasp Of specific knOwledge during this master cOurse.
My grateful thanks 10 Dr. Axel Fischer, Mr. christian and Mrs. h0ang Phan Mai fOr helping and suppOrting during my time in Dresden and Pirna, Germany.
Thanks alsO 10 Pham hai Mimth fOr all administrative suppOrt during the Master cOurse Hime. TalsO wOuld like 10 express my gratitude 10: e The cOmmiltee On Overseas Training PrOject, Ministry Of EducahOn and Training fOr having granted the schOlarship that suppOried this Mater 1 thesis e han0i University Of Sciences and Institute fOr Waste Management and cOn- taminated Site Treatment (IAA) fOr prOviding all materials and equipments that I used during the cOurse. e Vietnam IatOnal University, ham0i and Technical University Dresden and German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) fOr supp0rhing this Master training pr0gram in which I attended. Thanks 10 all the classmates fOr their nice and warm cOmpany fOr the encOurage- ment and suppOrt.
Aud last but 10+ least, special huge thanks 10 my family (my parents in law, my par- ems, my husband, my sOn and my prOthers and sisters) and all my friends (especial- ly Mrs. ha) and my relatives fOr thinking Of me, helping me, and encOuraging me im my pathway 10 a Master degree. 110ve yOu all. han0i, 10" Decemvez 2008 Pham Thi bich [g0c.
SUMMATY The main Opjective Of this thesis is 10 use SiWaPr0 DSS 10 mOdel and simulate the water fl0w prOcess in the unsaturated zOne with the available data frOm the lysime- ter number 302 in Juelich, Germany. The unsaturated zOne is the pOrtiOn Of the supsurface abOve the grOund water fable. It cOntains air as well as water im the pOres. This zOne plays an impOrtant rOll im many aspects Of hydrOl0gy, such as infillraliOn, exfiliraliOn, capillary rise, recharge, interfl0w, transpiraliOn, runOff and er0siOn.
Interest in this zOme has beell increasing im recent years because the mOvement Of water al0ng with cOntaminamts im this zOne have seen affecting the grOundwater and the supsurface envir0nmernl. Water fl0w is cOncerned with mOvement Of water in unsaturated p0r0us media. In Order 10 handle water fl0w prOcess under steady state Or transient cOndihiOns in the unsaturated zOne, a useful cCOmputer prOgram is used 10 mOdel and simulate this pr0cess. This pr0gram cOmpines the simulaHOn mOdule SiWaPr0 fOr numerical mOdeling Of water flOw and cOntaminant transpOrt im variably saturated media with addiliOnal simulalOn and parameter estimatiOn 1001s, data sOurces fOr the simula- On and a graphical user interface.
The c0mpuler-based decisi0n suppOrt system SiWaPr0 DSS sOftware is a prOgram fOr mOdeling and simulating the prOcesses as water flOw, sOlute tramspOrt, 5i0 de- gradatOn and sOrphOn in variably saturated p0r0us media. In SiWaPr0 DSS, the discretizaliOn Of the mOdeling area is realized using finite elements with the GALETKIII meth0d. SiWaPr0 DSS cOntains the 2D triangular mesh general0r EasyMesh 1. The mesh general0r all0ws lhe generaH0n Of meshes with varying elemeni s1zes and irregular mesh BOundaries.
currently, the generalOr allOws flexible space quantizaliOn at mOdeling time given by the user. TO validate SiWaPr0 DSS, the means Of measurement data frOm a lysimeter expe- riment are used. Lysimeters are devices fOr measuring the characteristic prOperties Of the s0il water balance, amOunts Of seepage water and their quality. In this thesis, lysimeter 302 l0cated in Juelich, Germany is used fOr calibrating mOdel.
The Juelich lysimeter 302 was established in August 2001, the mOn0liths were lak- en Out frOm Munich-Ileuherserg in June 2001 and the installaliOn Of the measure- memt devices Occurred and the data l0gging started On December 10th 2001. This lysimeter is run by the [esearch centre im Juelich (FZJ). This lysimeter is a large undisturbed lysimeter with 2m° im area and 2,4m in depth including 0,8m Of refer- ence material. The three suchOn cups are installed 10gether with lensi0melers, TDI' and temperature sensOrs at 3-differemt depth layers distance frOm upper edge Of the lysimeter in turn as 0,85m; 1,15m and 1,8m.
TO mOdel the water fl0w Of the lysimeter in SiWaPr0 DSS, the finite element mesh Of the lysimeter is cOnstructed with the cOlumn Of 1,6m in width and 1,6m in height (excluding 0,8m Of reference material). The lOwer bOundary cOndiliOn is a first kind nOundary cOnditiOn that allOws OutflOw Only. A secOnd type BOundary cOndiliOn is applied at the upper BOundary Of the cOlumm Of lysimeter. It is a transient bOundary cOnditiOn using time — variable bOundary cOndihOns 10 simulate precipilaH0n in the mOdel.
Three sOil water sampling device layers are applied as first kind bOundary cOnditiOn, and as the lOwer BOundary cOnditiOn, Only Outflow 1s all0wed. The cOl- umn Of the lysimeter sOil is divided int0 5 layers; each Of the sOil layers is described in its hydraulics with 11 parameters. TO calibrate mOdel, twO data sets Of 11 sOil hydraulic and van Genuchten parame- fers with different imitial pressure head and BOundary cOnditiOn Of three sucHỦn cup layers as well as different amOunt Of n0des and elements in the mesh are used. be- cause the time is shOrt — besides, One mOdel 100k fr0m 25 h0urs 10 50 hOurs fOr run- ming; sOme mOdels 100k much mOre time, then they were slOpped befOre they finish.
SO there are Only 10 mOdels were run. After geHing the result frOm 6 simulaliOn Of each mOdel, the simulahOn result was checked and analyzed and then the dala set was changed Or fimite element mesh Of the lysimeter was adjusted Or the sOftware was recOnsidered. The simulahOn results that were shOwn in diagrams 1n secHOn 4.1 are the best mOdel, but the results still shOw sOme difference Of Oulput between si- mulaliOn and measurement because input dala which 100k fr0m lysimeter staliOn are m0t well dOcumented and sOme sOil parameters which are estimated by the pers0n wh0 0perale the lysimeter are different frOm the fact. The result shOws that 10tal infl0w and 10tal OutflOw Of lysimeter are in balance.
That means the mOdel and fi- nite element mesh Of the lysimeter is designed well. OutflOw Of the suchOn cup layer number 3 in the simulatiOn is almOst the same as measurement. Oulfl0w Of the suchOm cup layer numser 1 and l0wer BOundary cOndilOn in simulaliOn are the same as measurement in the first year. but in the secOnd year, Outfl0w Of the suchOn cup layer numper 1 in simulaliOn is higher than measurement; OppOsite 10 the Oul- flOw Of the lOwer BOundary cOndiliOn the simulaliOn One is lOwer than measure- ment.
OulflOw at the suchOn cup layer mumeer 2 is different increasing by me be- tween simulahOn and measurement. The differences cCOme fr0m the data memtiOned as abOve. The SiWaPr0 DSS pr0gram have been imtrOducing 10 Federal EnvirOnmental bu- reaus and cOnsulting cOmpanies in Germany. These bureaus and cOmpamies cam use this sOftware 1001 primarily fOr leachate fOrecasts with respect 10 the German sOil pr0tectiOn law.
In Vietnam it alsO can be apply similar 10 Germany, but it takes a bit time fOr Vietnamese 10 familiar with it. FOr Vietnamese 10 apply this sOftware, the GUI and help system were inihally translated int0 Vielnamese. TherefOre, it cam be said that SiWaPr0 DSS is One Of the useful 1001s fOr leachate fOrecast. hOwever, it shOuld be applied fOr a wide variety Of cOmtaminamts if the sOftware is revised 10 adapt with n0t Only all available data but alsO a few available data.
The lysimeter is g00d fOr calibrating the mOdel and will be setter if the data is dOcumented well and frequency. TABLE 0F c0HTEHTS AcKI0WLEDGEMENHTS 1 SUMMATY 3 TABLE OF cONTENTS 6 AbbrEVIATIONS 8 LIST OF FIGUTES 9 LIST OF TABLES 11 LIST 0F DIAGTAMMS 12 1. FUTDAMETITALS OF SOIL hVDL'0L0GY .1 DefimitiOn Of sOil ard umsaturated 20M. eee 5-5 + 5< ss£+x++scsx+ 15 2.2 S0iI hydrauliC paraIneÌ€TS.
SUil waleT baÌIIC€. 6 <1 TT HH TH TH TH HT Hiệp 19 2. Án HT HH TH TH TH nghiệt 22 3. MATEILAL AIID METH0DS 23 3.1 The0Orelical appr0aches and me†h0d0l0gyy.2 Fimile elemenl meÏhÔd.
Ảnh HT TT TH TT TH TT TH Tàn Hit 30 3. General inf0rmaH0n as0ul lysimeÏeT.--¿-s «+ ssc+xs<cscserse 30 3.2 Juelich lysimeter stahOm descripHŨN. DescripHOn Of the Juelich lysimeler number 302.4 Waler flOw 1Im(delL.--- «6 + St 1 1E 11T HT ngư, 37 3.5 DescripOn Of the finite element mesh Of the lysimeler.6 Descriphi0n 0f s0ftware SiWaPr0 DSS. LH TT TH TH TH TH TH TH HT TH ngư.2 Lay0ul and SÏTu€luTe .-- «+ + ST HT HH HH ri 40 3.1 Graphical user inlerface (GUI) and help Syslem.
TEFETEITIcES STATEMEHT UHDEL 0ATh APPEHDIcES k2. óc tk TT HH ng ng kết 3. Án HH Hà HH 3.6 ImpOrt amd ExpOrt INIeTfaC€S. Manual SIWaPr0 DSS Mesh General0T.1 creale a simple 2D mesÌH.2 DefiniHOn InlerTraÏ CUIV€S.5 S0Il hydrauli€ paraIn€Ì€TS.
---¿- «kg TESULTS CO Rồi) 0v 0ì .2 Exlensi0n and adaplali0n 10 Vielram requiremeriis .-- ---- DISScUSSI0H AIID c01IcLUSI0HS Appendix I: Peedpilal0n using ƒÙDs simnulqiÚ. s5 55s ss+sseesesses Appendix 2: beieƒ 0ƒ 0uloul 0ƒ sinulali0n ƒ0e 784 days.- 55555552 Appendix 3: Da ƒ2ÚIH TI€GSH2€IHI€ TH. c5 E9 kEE*KEEESEEEEEESEEkrkEkrkrkre 85 Appendix 4: Data fe0m simulatiOn f02 the days equivalent with measuzement 260. 10 90 ABbBLEVIA TI0HS bo0dSchG Geaman S0il P20tecdiOn Law cAIT cAIT DSS Eq FE FZJ GMDh handling GSF dassificatiOn and Iegeessi0n Teees dassificatiOn and Iegeessi0n Teees Dedsi0n Supp0et System Equaii0n Finite Element The Teseaech centez in Juelich Ge0up MethOd Of Data The IlahO0nal Ieseaech œnle f02 EnvizOnment and health GUI Geaphical Usez Intezface LUA IIW The [102th hine-Westphalia State EnvizOnment Agency [1IPPIatiOnal Institute Of Plant P20te ciOn PFT SiWaP20 SKE 1 SKE 2 SKE 3 SKE TDI vGP PedOleansfee FuncdiOn Sickeewassezp20gn0se / Leachate FOze cast SOil watez sampling device layez 1 at 0,85m distance 10 uppez edge Of the lysimetez SOil watez sampling device layez 2 at 1,15m distance 10 uppez edge Of the lysimetez SOil watez sampling device layez 3 at 1,80m distance 10 uppez edge Of the lysimetez Saugkeezenevene / SOil watez sampling device layez Time d0mai zefle dOmetey van Genuchlen Pazametez 11 LIST 0E FIGULES Figuee 4: bOundazy COnditiOns and dis cetizatiOn Of a simple mOdel f02 geOundwatee Ji0w (feOm Chais McDe2m0t, 2003) .scesceccscsseesseeseeseecceeenesseeeceecseeseeeceeeseeseeeseeeeeaees 26 Figuee 5: BOundazy cOnditiOns and dis eetizatiOn f02 a simple COlumn mOdel.
26 Figuze 6: Steess applied 10 the 10p Of the 20ck COlumn causes defOzmatiOn. 27 Figuze 7: Mesh in details .cecceccscsssssseessesseceseeseesceceneeseecceeeseeseeeeeesseeaeeeeeeeaeeaeeeeeeaees 28 Figuee 8: Pzessing Of the stainless steel v0HOm plate (left) and lifting Of a zeadily Jiled m0n0lithic lysitmelee (l8 hÌÏ). óc xxx HT HH TH ng, 31 Figuee 9: Lysimetee Ovezed with geass (left), the 20und sueface Of the Lysimetee (middle) and lysimetee cellaz with đ0mplele insieumenl (eigh).