VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FACULTY OF AGRONOMY UNDERGRADUATE THESIS TITLE: GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF SUAGRCANE ON SALINE - FLOODING STRESS Supervisor: PhD. DINH THAI HOANG Department: INDUSTRIAL AND MEDICINAL PLANTS Student name: LE THUC ANH Class: K60KHCTT Course: 60 Hanoi – 2021 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this paper is my own work. All results and data in this thesis are absolutely honest and have not been used in a different thesis. All sources used in this paper were cited in references.
Hanoi, November 15th ,2021 Student Le Thuc Anh i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT To complete this thesis, I am deeply indebted to people who have been providing me with precious support and advice. Firstly, I would like to send my gratitude to my supervisor, PhD. Dinh Thai Hoang, Industrial and Medicinal Crops, Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, for his enthusiastic support, helpful advice and considerable encouragement in the completion of my thesis. I would also like to express sincere thanks to the lectures from the Faculty of Agronomy in general and lectures in the Department of Industrial And Medicinal Crops in particular, who taught and created best conditions for students during the learning process and research.
More help came from the members of the scientific research team. I specially want to express my sincere thanks to them. Last but not least, I want to express my sincere thanks to my family and intimate friends who have always been by my side, give me support and strength to complete this graduation thesis. I sincerely thank! ii CONTENTS DECLARATION.
iii LIST OF TABLES. v LIST OF FIGURES. vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. Objectives and requirements.
Sugarcane production in the world. Sugarcane production in Vietnam. Effects of saline flooding on growth of sugarcane. Mechanisms of salt resistance.
Salinity affects the physiological activities of the plant. Plant responses to salt stress. 12 CHAPTER 3: MATERIALS AND METHODS. Time and location.
22 iii CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The effect of saline – flooding stress on growth and development of sugarcane. The effect of saline – flooding stress on the plant height of sugarcane. The effect of salinity flooding stress on the plant diameter of sugarcane.
The effect of salinity flooding stress on number of leaves of sugarcane. The effect of salinity flooding stress on number of green leave of sugarcane. The effect of saline flooding stress on physiology of sugarcane. The effect of salinity flooding stress on SPAD index (SPAD Chlorophyll Meter Readings) of sugarcane.
The effect of salinity flooding stress to chlorophyll fluorescence performance indices (Fv/Fm). The effect of salinity flooding stress on ion leakage. The effect of salinity flooding stress on leaf area. The effect of salinity flooding stress on relative water content (RWC).
The effect of salinity flooding stress to dry matter accumulation of sugarcane. 46 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS. 60 iv LIST OF TABLES Table 2. World sugarcane production in recent years.
Sugarcane production in major continents in recent years. Area, yield and production of sugarcane in Vietnam compared with the world (2018). Sugarcane production by regions in Vietnam, 2017-2018. Fertilization schedule for each experimental (gram).
Growth dynamics of sugarcane height in saline flooding stress. The effect of saline – flooding stress on the plant height of sugarcane. Effect of salinity flooding stress on sugarcane’s plant diameter. Effect of salinity flooding stress on sugarcane’s plant diameter.
Growth dynamics of the number of leaves of sugarcane. Growth dynamics of the number of leaves of sugarcane. Growth dynamics of the number of green leave of sugarcane. Effect of salinity flooding stress to SPAD value .9 Effect of salinity flooding stress to SPAD value.
Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm) of sugarcane under salinity flooding stress. The effect of salinity flooding stress on ion leakage. The effect of salinity flooding stress on leaf area. Effect of salinity flooding stress on relative water content.
The effect of salinity flooding stress to dry matter accumulation of sugarcane. 47 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 Area harvested of sugarcane in some provinces of Vietnam (2015). Transport and regulation of salt in soil-plant system. Net-house of Advance Program.
Growth dynamics of sugarcane height in saline flooding stress. Effect of salinity flooding stress on sugarcane’s plant diameter. The difference in plant diameter of sugarcane at 13 WAT. Growth dynamics of the number of leaves of sugarcane.
The difference in plant leaves of sugarcane at 13 WAT .6 After saline flooding stress, the leaves of the G1 variety were most affected. Leaves are yellowed. Effect of salinity flooding stress to SPAD value. After soaking in distilled water, it will be weighed and dried.
Then we will calculate RWC. 45 vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ABBREVIATION MEANING % Percentage CV Coefficient of variation DAT Day after transplanting DM Dry mass DW Dry weight Et al. et alii FAO Food and Agriculture Organization The Food and Agriculture Organization FAOSTAT Corporate Statistical Database FM Fresh mass FPTS FPT Securities FW Fresh weight GSO General Statistics Office LA Leaf area LRWC Leaf Relative Water Content LSD Least significant difference SPAD Soil Plant Analysis Development TW Turgid weight VSSA Viet Nam Sugar Association WAT Week after transplanting vii ABSTRACT In Vietnam, sugarcane is the only industrial crop planted to produce sugar. According to VSSA, the current area of sugarcane growing nationwide is about 300,000 ha, the average yield of sugarcane is about 65 tons / ha.
Climate change with phenomenon as salinization has been constrained agricultural as well as sugarcane production in Mekong Delta. Shortage of raw material from low yielding causes difficulties for sugar factories and local farmers’ life. Salinization is often started by a saline-flooding then becomes more serious by drought stress at the early growth stage. Breeding for high tolerant varieties is an economic and effective strategy.
The net-house experiment will be conducted to evaluate the effects of saline flooding on the growth and physiology Hoa Binh sugarcane varieties. A split-plot design will be used with three replications. The saline-flooding stress will be imitated by soaking experimental pots in saline water (50mM NaCl) for 15 days and steadily drained for the other 15 days. Sample plants will be taken to measure growth and physiological traits at the end of the treatment period and recovery stages.
The study expects to understand various responses and tolerant mechanisms of Hoa Binh(G1), K84(G2), M5514(G3) KK3(G4) sugarcane variety, and to suggest the best ones for saline- flooding tolerant ability. Problem statement Sugarcane, (Saccharum officinarum), perennial grass of the family Poaceae, it has been widely known as raw material for white sugar production. Sugarcane juice is relished as a refreshing drink as it is nutritious and rich in vitamins, carbohydrates, and amino acids. Sugarcane is principal sugar- producing raw material which cane sugar accounts for over 60% of the world's total raw sugar output, primarily cultivated sugarcane is grown in subtropical and tropical areas.
The plant is also grown for biofuel production, especially in Brazil, as the canes can be used directly to produce ethyl alcohol (ethanol). The by-products from cane sugar processing, namely the straw and bagasse (cane fibres), can be used to produce cellulosic ethanol, a second-generation biofuel. Other sugarcane products include molasses, rum, and cachaça (a Brazilian alcohol), and the plant itself can be used as thatch and as livestock fodder In Vietnam, sugarcane is the unique industrial crop planted to supply for sugar industry. According Vietnam Sugarcane and Sugar Association (VSSA), the current sugarcane production area of Vietnam is about 300,000 ha with average yield of about 65 tons/ha (FPT Securities, 2019).
In Vietnam, sugarcane is the unique industrial crop planted to supply for sugar industry. After the ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement (ATIGA) took effect from January 1, 2020, tariff on sugar imported into Vietnam has decreased from 85% to 5%. Thus, the quantity of imported sugar has increased dramatically, affecting domestic production of sugar. According to the Vietnam Sugarcane and Sugar Association, due to declining prices of sugarcane over recent years, farmers have switched to planting other crops, resulting in planting area being reduced from 300,000ha to 130,000ha.
1 The regions in the south account for 80 percent of the nation’s cane production. Cane is generally grown in the drier regions of the Mekong Delta area in the south without irrigation, and of the Red River Delta area in the north. However, it cannot be denied that the domestic sugar industry still has many shortcomings including fragmented cultivation area, causing difficulties to the application of science - technology. Saline - flooding stress often occur from mid-December to early February.
To find out the solution to reduce the effects of saline flooding stress on sugarcane production, it is firstly necessary to understand the impact of salt flooding stress on growth and physiology of sugarcane 1. Objectives and requirements 1. Objectives The study was conducted to get better understanding effects of saline flooding stress during early growth stage on sugarcane growth and physiology. Requirement - Investigated the effects of saline flooding stress on growth parameters of sugarcane; - Indicated the effects of saline flooding stress on physiological parameters of sugarcane.
Sugarcane production in the world The Sugarcane is assumed to be one of the oldest commercial plants withinside the international. Sugarcane is a main international crop providing sugar and energy (Henry, 2010). Sugarcane changed into first grown in Africa, then from there to Southeast Asia and sooner or later to America (Humbert, 1963). Along with sugarcane is the sugarcane processing generation and India (Asia) is the main united states withinside the international (Nguyen Ngo et al.
Right from the 4th century, they knew a way to system molasses into crystallized sugar. From India, China, the sugar processing enterprise has unfolded to Arab, African, European, American and Australian regions. Sugarcane is a large perennial tropical grass belonging to the tribe Andropogoneae of the family Gramineae and the genus Saccharum. The Andropogoneae are characteristically tropical or subtropical with a high concentration of genera in two geographical areas: India and Indonesia.
The genera Saccharum, Erianthus (sect. Ripidium), Sclerostachya, and Narenga, most cited in the origin of sugarcane, constitute an interbreeding group that, along with three species of Saccharum (S. barberi Jeswiet, and S. sinense Roxb) were used for commercial sugar production.
Saccharum officinarum is a progenitor of all modern sugarcane cultivars. However, the presence of the interbreeding Saccharum complex of the three sugar species as well as its wild relatives, S. robustum Brandes and Jeswiet ex Grassl, has provided a genetic pool of unparalleled diversity, allowing for the development of thousands of cultivars that are adapted to the areas where sugarcane is grown. Today, most cultivars of sugarcane are interspecific hybrids of two or more of the five Saccharum species.
3 According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), sugar cane is one of the most important crops in the world today in terms of production volume, more than 1,000 million tons of sugar cane are harvested annually Part is produced. Sugar cane is the source of most of the sugar produced in the world, far surpassing sugar beet as a source of sugar (Cordeiro et al. Currently, sugar cane is grown mainly in tropical and subtropical countries around the world used for the production of sugar, ethanol and other industrial products. According to FAOSTAT, sugar cane was grown in 104 different countries by the end of 2018, including countries with large acreage: Brazil, India, China, Australia, Mexico, Indonesia, and the United States.
In reality, Brazil appeared to be a country by far largest sugar cane area (10 million ha). World sugarcane production in recent years Harvested area Yield Production Years (million ha) (ton/ha) (million ton) 2010 23.02 Source: FAOSTAT, 2020 Table 2.