ABSTRACT During the rainy season, frequent flooding by storm water is one of the most serious problems in lowland areas, causing heavy effect on transportation, agriculture, industries and many economic activities. The required drainage water levels in this area are generally lower than the water levels of the virulent rivers. Under such cases, pumping systems should be designed from a viewpoint of the integrated control floods. Nam Ha lowland, in Vietnam, bounded by four surrounding rivers, is selected as a case study.
The operated plan in this area is the key factor for drainage and flood protection. In this study, the mathematical model is used as a tool to evaluate the present drainage system as well as the scenario to improve its performance, considering the released water from agricultural areas. Under climate change, there is change in rainfall of 14% in the region according to climate change scenario for Viet Nam updated 2016 of MONRE. These changes were taken in to the simulation.
The results show both the flooding processes in the field as well as inundation areas and water levels along drainage channels. It is found that the proposed model can be applied to evaluate integrated flood control systems for pumped field lowland. Such a proper operating system provides an effective tool by means of which the drainage system can be operated appropriately taking account of rainfall intensity and effects of climate change. DECLARATION I hereby certify that the work presented in this thesis entitled, “Optimal operation of the Bac Nam Ha drainage system under climate change.” in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Master of Science in Integrated Water Resource Management, is my own work carried out under the supervision of Assoc.
Nguyen Cao Don The matter embodied in this thesis has not been submitted by me for the award of any other degree or diploma. Date: 15/04/2017 Signature: Nguyen Thi Huong il ACKNOWLED GEMENT I would like to give many thanks to all people who has supported and assisted me during the Master Thesis Research. Without their continuous support, encouragement and guidance, it would have been impossible for me to complete the study in time. I would like to express my appreciation to Assoc Dr.
Nguyen Cao Don, my devoted mentor, for his unlimited encouragement, guidance, comments and technical supports on VRSAP modeling as well as thesis writing process from the beginning of thesis research. He always keeps track on his students and brings them back to the right way. I wish to thank Assoc Dr. Nguyen Thu Hien for her feedbacks, comments and supports from the proposal process.
I would like to thank to the NICHE - VNM 106 Project for their financial support during the post graduate study at Thuyloi University. I would like to thank to all teachers and professors of Thuyloi University. Last but not least, I want to take this opportunity to show my appreciation to my parents, my siblings and all of my friends for their helps and encouragements. 1H TABLE CONTENTS ABSTRACT DECLARATION, ACKNOWLED GEMENT INTRODUCTION 1 Introduction.
13 Objectives ofthe study. 14 Research questions 15 Methodology 16 ‘Structure of the thesis, CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW. La CClimate change including floods 12 Overview of hydrodynamic models 13 Review on application ofthe hydrodynamic model 14 Review of climate change study in Viet Nam 15 Concluding remarks CHAPTER 2 STUDY AREA. 21 Location of Bac Nam Ha 22 Topography 23 Zonation of the drainage system.
24 Drainage channel systems, CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 31 Research framework 32 Data collection and data analysis, 3.1 Pumping station system 3. 33 Introduction to a hydro dynamic model (VRSAP) Tools. CHAPTER4 APPLICATION OF THE MODEL. Model settings 35 42 Boundary condition 36 4.1 Pumping station 36 422 Rainfall 37 43.
Application of HD model for operational scenarios 40 45.1 Gate operating scenarios 40 452 _ Results and discussion. Al 453° Total inundation 45 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 47 Conclusion 47 REFERENCES 49 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Projected change in water eycle Source: (USGCRP (2009), Figure 2.1: Map showing the study area 20 Figure 3.1: Intergrated operational model 26 Figure 3.2: Modeling field plot 33 Figure 4.1; Schematic diagram of the drainage systems showing nodes, links and files plots 35 Figure 4.2: Rainfall pattern taking into account of climate change 38 Figure 4.3: The adjustment steps.4: Model calibration for water levels at NhuTrac and Cau Sat 40 Figure 4.5: Inundation area at NhuTrac drainage zone Al Figure 4.6: Inundation area at Huu Bi drainage zone a2 Figure 4.7: Inundation area at CocThanh drainage zone.8: Inundation area at Vinh Tri drainage zone “ Figure 4.9: Inundation area at Co Dam drainage zone 45 Figure 4.10: Graph ofinundation area for 5 drainage zones 45 Figure 4.11: Graph of situations giving the smallest inundation area. 46 LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Field elevation distribution in the area of 6 independent pumping stations .2 Distribution of area by elevation for the area of 6 pumping stations.3 Main drainage canal system and works on the canal.1 The source of required data for model .2 Design parameters of 6 independent pumping stafIons.3 Monthly average precipitation of rainfall at gauging stations in the study vil ABBREVIATIONS DHI: Danish Hydraulic Institute DARD: Department of Agriculture and Rural Development GIS: Geographic Information System HD: Hydrodynamic Model NAM: Nedbor Afstromnings Model MRC: Mekong River Commission MONRE: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment SWAT: Soil and Water Assessment Tool IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change RMSE: Root Mean Square Error UNDP: United Nations Development Program UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Chang VRSAP: Vietnam River Systems and Plains WREA: Water Resources and Environment Administration WEAP: Water Evaluation and Planning Viii INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction During the rainy season, frequent flooding by storm water is one of the most serious problems in lowland area, causing heavy effect on transportation, agriculture, industries and many economic activities. The required drainage water levels in this area are generally lower than the water levels of the boundary rivers.
In the development of this area, conventional functional drainage systems have been built, including channels, sluiceways, gates, regulator, pumping stations, etc. In operation, the drainage system should be operated appropriately taking account of tidal effect, rainfall intensity and reaching time of the rainwater. Such a proper operating system has not been established yet in the region. At present, the development of agriculture is extensive and intensive, based on the diversified crop patterns, two or three cropping seasons in a year, and high yielding crop varieties with high demands of irrigation and drainage and level of its management.
However, after many years, operation and having exploited for a long time, most of the drainage systems are heavily deteriorated, with uncompleted canals and control structures. Generally, the drainage system in this area is no longer suitable for the present stage of the agricultural land use. For these reasons, the improvement of drainage system’s operation is now very necessary and important. Moreover, according to IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) and MONRE (Department of Agriculture and Rural Development), Viet Nam is one of the countries being affected by climate change that sea level rise and saline water intrusion.
The average rise in the global sea level is expected to be 59cm by 2100, according to the highest greenhouse gas emission scenario used in the fourth assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2007. However, according to a medium global greenhouse gas emission scenario, the sea level rise along the Viet Nam coast would be on average of 75cm by 2100. The Viet Nam Government recognizes climate change as a major challenge. In order to solve those existing problems, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of the complicated unsteady flow regime in the drainage canal system.
Simulation approach is the best way to estimate the unsteady flow and to give the best suitable measures for improving drainage systems. Under such circumstances, pumping systems should be designed from a viewpoint of the integrated control floods. Furthermore, Nam Ha is lowland, in Vietnam, bounded by four surrounding rivers, is selected as a case study. The operation scheme in this area is the key factor for drainage and flood protection.
The mathematical model is applied as a tool to evaluate the present drainage system as well as the scenario to improve its performance, considering the released water from agricultural areas and climate change. The results show both the flooding processes in the field as well as inundation areas and water levels along drainage channels. It is found that the proposed model can be applied to evaluate integrated flood control systems for pumped field lowland. Such a proper operating system provides an effective tool by means of which the drainage system can be operated appropriately taking account of tidal effect, rainfall intensity and reaching time of the rainwater.
This thesis aims to set up a model hydrodynamic flow to the river network with its pumping stations and other drainage facilities to find a suitable operation of gate regulators so as to minimize total flooded area under a rainfall event.2 Problem Statement Ha Nam and Nam Dinh provinces are located in the lowland regions. The region is surrounded by large rivers like the Red river, Day river, the Dao river in infield in addition also Chau Giang river and some other smaller rivers. The study area is frequently inundated during rainy season. To resolve this situation, the system of large pumping stations was built in the year 1970.
However, head works and canals and other drainage facilities were over 30 years of operation, and thus they have severely deteriorated. The pumping equipment were not well performed. The gate regulators that connect sub-drainage basin did not work properly and efficiently. Therefore, in this study, aims at finding out a suitable operation of gate regulators so as to minimize total flooded area.3 Objectives of the study “The long term goal of this research is to set up a model hydrodynamic flow in the river network with its pumping stations and other drainage facilities to find a suitable ‘operation of gate regulators so as to minimize total flooded area Particularly, the study has the following sub-objectives: 1) To have an overview of the existing drainage system and inundation status in Bac Had ‘am under current and future climate change.
2 To apply a hydrodynamic model for simulating flows in the drainage systems corresponding to an operation of gate regulator. 3) Based on the results of the hydrodynamic model, measures for inundation mitigation will be proposed. 14 Research questions In order to get the objectives of the research, some research questions have to be answered. 1) What is the current status of the drainage system and inundation in Bac Ha Nam? 2) What are the main causes of inundation in Bac Ha Nam at current and future climatic condition? 3) How to apply a hydrodynamic model to have recommendations for inundation mitigation for decision makers? 4) What is the optimal operation of gate regulators proposed to Bac Nam Ha so as to minimize the flooded area.5 Methodology In this research, the framework of methodology has been developed as follows Figure 1-1.
Firstly, basing on previous studies and analysis, available informations can be use to define current status of drainage system and situation in Bac Nam Ha. Secondly, collection of data: These data are used as input and for calibration and verification of models. These consist of : Topography, channel networks pumping station, channel geometry, weather data, ect. ‘Thirdly, model set up : Applying a hydrodynamic model to the study area to simulate flows in river channels, the model willbe calibrated using observed data.
Fourthly, The system scenarios will be studied formany combinations of gate ‘operationso as to find a suitable operation that minimizes the flooded area In the last, coneludon and recomandation will be given `, Model setting (calibration and verification) Figure 0.1: Framework of methodology 1.