VIET NAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDLES: Presetvaurresrrsevertirertscettrerscst os ‘THAN THI THUY TEACIIING ESL CONVERSATION TIIROUGH USING LEXICAL PHRASES (VIEC AP DUNG CAC CUM TU VỰNG TRONG VIỆC DẠY GIÁO TIẾP TIENG ANH NHƯ” NGON NGU THU HAD MINOR M.A THESIS Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 614 10 A NOI, 2014 VIET NAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDLES: Presetvaurresrrsevertirertscettrerscst os ‘THAN THI THUY TEACIIING ESL CONVERSATION TIIROUGH USING LEXICAL PHRASES (VIEC AP DUNG CAC CUM TU VỰNG TRONG VIỆC DẠY GIÁO TIẾP TIENG ANH NHƯ” NGON NGU THU HAD MINOR M.A THESIS Field: English Teaching Methodulogy Code: 6014 10 Supervisor: PLLAN VAN QUYEN, M.A HANOI, 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS Certificate of originality.ejmennesecmineninneneininnincnimenneneneeea Retention and use of the thesis - - ii Acknowledgements - - - iii Abstract - - - iv h. List of tables. - - - vii List of ñgures. PART ONE: INTRODUCTION.
| Rationale of the stuily - - - I 2 Aim of the stuy. 3 Research questions - - - 2 4 Scope and limilations of the study. - 3 5 Significance of the siudy. cneirrrrieairerroeei-Ö 6 Design of the study 3 PART TWO: THE STUDY.
Chapter 1 Literature review.1 Review of lexical phrases 5 1.12 DeRinition of lexical phrases.3 Kinds of lexical phrases 6 1.2 What is communication? 7 1.1 Definitions and roles of conintunicaflon.2 Characteristics of conversation.1 Conversationis lexis-centcred nol.2 Intonation phrases are very popular in spoken English .3 Language of conversation is vague.3 Spoken English: Ñucncy or aocuraeV9.4 The “1- certric” In c0IIIINHIGAfiGR.3 Lexical phrases and communication.1 Lexical phưases and contmticaftiva cottpeteitce.2 Lexical phrases and conversation_ - 15 1.3 Lexical phrases and oral fluency .2 Subjects and data collcetion instruments.2 Data collection instruments - - - 22 3.1 Quastionnaire for the studenfs.2 Questionnaire for the teachers - - 24 2.3 Data collection procedures - - 24 2.5 Summary - - - 25 Chapter 3 Data analysis and findings.1 Learners’ responses to the quesfionutaires.2 Teachers’ responses to the questionnaires - 36 3.3 Major findings and discussions.42 PART THREE CONCLUSIONS. AB 3 Suggestions for further study - - - 4 RIBLIOGRAPHY. 45 APPENDIXL: STUDENTS’ QUESTIONANNAIRE (in Vietnamese). APPENDIX 2: STUDENTS’ QUESTIONANNAIRE (in English) Iv APPENDIX 3: TEACHERS' QUESTIONANNAIRE (in Victnamese).VI APPENDIX 4: TEACHERS’ QUESTIONANNAIRE (n English).
3 CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH METILODOLOGY 2.1 Subjects of the study There were two groups of subjects in my study: the third- year full time students in 3 classes of THM and the teachers of English of HUI. This part will provide the characteristics of these two groups: ‘The first group is the full-time students of HU with English as their major. They all had already finished their second year at university and have been in the 15” day of their third yoar. Since they arz all third-year sludents, their ages ara ranging fram 18 to 22 2.2 Methods of the study ‘The study is mainly based on 2 questionnaires for teachers and students.
‘hen the results of the slady arc analyvod quantitatively using the SPSS 13.1 Questionnaire for the siudents: The questionnaire, which consisls of 18 items with 3 scparate parls, was designed (o gather information about students’ personal information, their English competenee, the subject's habits of learning speaking skill and the characteristios of their speaking process. ‘The qnestionmaires distributed lo the students were wrilten in Vietnatnese in order ip ensure that the students fully understood the questiounaire and avoid misunderstanding of the content of the questionnaires due to the subjects” levels of proficiency of English. I'he students’ questionnairs has three parts as follows: PART 1 is the background part consisting of 5 items with 2 subparts. Part 1 has 3 questions enquizing personal information such as gender (question 1), where they are learning English (question 2), when they began to Jeam Linglish (question 3).
Part 2 includes 2 questions about their frequency of communicaling with spcukers of English (question 4) and their own evaluation of their English speaking ability (question 5). PART 2: there are four items in part 2 enquiring the learners’ habits of learning speaking skill. This may show some problems the students cncounter during the process of speaking, owing to their habits of leaming speaking skill. ‘The questions are designed as follows 1.
What do students usually learn to speak English well? (question 6) 2. Their opinions on grammar and individual words in learning speaking skill. ‘Their frequency of learning lexical phrases in spoken Linglish. Their frequeney of pronouncing words separalcly instead of in intonation phrases, (question 9) 6 ‘the number of students who translated Vistnamese sentences into Linglish ones when amaking sentences still dominates (52.6 Students’ frequency of creating sentences with grammatical rules and individual words It is obvious that students preferred crcating scntonees with grammatical rules and individual words in stead of using lexical formulas (44.4% usually and 40% sometimes) 3.7 Students’ frequency of using vague language HLis a positive sign thal a large umber of the studons uscd soma vague language in thir speaking, (53.8 Students’ opinion on what can be of most help in speaking Lingtish.
The resulls reveslsd tht students thought texicat formulas ical phrases) will help them speak better (44.4%) while individual words of many fields take the second position (389%), 3.3 Teachers’ ways of teaching spoken English.1 What teachers usually pay attention to when teaching speaking skill? “this results showed that 36.8% of teachers paid marked attention to pronunciation and grammatical rules (26.1% of teachers agreed with vocabulary and 3 other teachers (15.8%) chose other options including (i)that depends on the specific task, the listener and the students’ levels, (2) fluency, (3) coherence, fluency, pronunciation, ideas and accuracy 3.2 Teachers’ opinions about fuency and accuracy. Most of the teachers chose fluency (57.9%) as their final aim in teaching speaking skill. However, the number of teachers preferred accuracyis still high (42.3 Tcachor's opinions on grammatical rules and individual words in creating sentenices. This result showed that teachers still preferred the traditional way of teaching speaking skill (63.8% of tcachers said that they “disagree” with this way of teaching, speaking skill.4 Crileria to evaluate a good speaker ‘A dominant number of teachers regarded a good speaker as the one who can speak English fluently and use words effectively (63.5 Teachers” opinion of pronunciation of every single word in spoken Lngfish.
3 CHAPTER 3: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDE This chapter analyses the data collected from the two questionnaires to find the answers for the research questions.1 The learners’ habits of learning speaking skill 3.1 What do students usually loam te speak English well? Most students’ strategy to enhance their speaking capacity is pronunciation (43.3%) in stead of what J believe when conducting this research, the lexical formulas. Lexical formulas (lexical phras still accupicd th cond posilion.2 Students’ opinions on grammar and individual words in leanning speaking skill Most of the students agree with the traditional way of learning speaking that is “in order to spoak English well, we should Jeam tols of grammatical niles and individual words" 37.3 Students’ frequency of learning lexical phrases in spoken English The data showed thal the students preferred learning words with functions (45.4 Students’ frequency of pronouncing words separately instead of in intonation phrases. Most of the students still had high frequency of pronouncing every single word in speaking with 36.7% students wsteally pronounce this way and 48.2 Students’ opinions on the speaking process.1 Students’ opinion of dluency and accuracy in spoken English. ‘The data revealed that the final goal of students in learning speaking is fluency (68.2 Studcnts* real 1uotivation in speaking English.
Most of the students said that they will be motivated if they know that they can “speak English fluently and naturally” 3.3 What makes students’ speaking less flucnt? ‘The results show that 52.2% of students agreed that their Jack of “appropriate words” makes their speaking less fluent. [owesver, the percentage of siudents whose speaking is Jess fluent due to lack of grammatical rules is rather low (4.4 Students” habits of pronouncing words in intonation phrases 48.9% of students usually and 37.8% of students sometimes use intonation phrases in their speaking 3.5 Students’ way of forming sentences in English. L ‘TEACILING ESL CONVERSATION THROUGH USING LEXICAL PURASES PART ONE: INTRODUCTION 1, Rationale ~ Although rescareh into the application of lexical pluascs in spoken English has becn widely implemented through out the world, itis still somehow a strange concept in ‘Vietnamese context of teaching and learning spoken English - The speaking skill is the most important skill in the four skills sines we can not successfully teach out students a language if they can write well but somehow fail to speak that language - 1alsơ want to find out something, meaningfil that can help students speak English more fuently and naturally. Aims of the study ‘This sturly was carried oul in order te - Give some theoretical information about the nature of spoken English.
- Vind out teachers and students’ habits of learming spoken Linglish as well as their opinions on the roles of lexical phrases in spoken English. - Provide some suggestions to the teaching and learning of spoken English. What are the habits of teaching and learning spoken Tinglish of teachers and students at HUP 2. What do teachers and students think about the roles of lexical phrases in spoken English? 4.
Research methodology ‘The quantitative method was applied with two questionnaires designed to collect data for the study 5, Scope of the study - The study is conducted just to collect the subjects’ points of view of the relationship ‘between lexical phrases and spoken Tinglish ~ The lexical phrases are mainly from the book “Lexical phrases and language teaching” by Nattinger & DeCarrico (1992). Design of the study The study consists of 3 main parts 4 ĐART 3 consists of eight items eoncerring the studenfs" opinions on the speaking process including: Their opinion of fluency and accuracy in spoken English (question 10) Their real motivation in speaking English (question 11) WN. What makes their speaking less fluent? (question 12). Their habits of pronouncing words in intonation phrases (question 13 and 14) om “Their way of forming sentences in English (question 15) Their Froquency of croatingg sentences with grammatical rules and individual words a (question 16) 7.
‘Their frequency of using vague language (question 17) 8. Their opinion on what can be of most help in speaking English (question 18) 2.2 Questionnaire for the teachers: A questionnaire was designed for the teachers to collect data of some following areas: PART 1 was the personal infonmation of teachers (question 1 to 5) PART 2 was about the teachcrs’ beliefs in teaching speaking skill (question 6 to 10) PART 3 was designed to gather information about the teachers’ perception of the relationship hetween lexical phrases and spoken English (question 11 to 14) 2.4 Study procedures In order to serve this stndy, 98 questionnaires were intended to deliver to 98 students of the 3 classes of third-year siudonis of English, Tho quostionnmires were distributed al the ‘eginning of the classes and with my attendance so that their needs for clarification can be met, Although the intended questionnaizes were 98, the collected responses were 90 since there were absentees on the day the questionnaires were distributed. Yet the number of responses is appropriate to guararce the quality and accuracy of the research, The intended questionnaires for the teachers were 21, All these questionnaires were distributed during the break time to ensure that the act of answering these questions would not disturb their usual schedule. However, the collceted responses were 19 duc to two absentees on the day of distribution.5 Data analysis The data collected fiom the questionnaires for teachers and students are analyzed using, the SPSS 13.