VIETNAM NATIONAL UNEVERSITY, HANOE UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATLONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES Tran Thi Phuong A STUDY OF POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN TIE CONVERSATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF THE COURSEBOOK “NEW HEADWAY” PRE-INT ERMEDIATE (THE THIRD EDITION) "Nghiên cứu các chiếu lược lịch sự được sử dụng trong các bài hội thoại của giáo trình giaotiếp NEW HEADWAY Pre-intermediate (Phién ban 3) MA THESIS (MTNOR) : English Linguistics : 6022 18 Hanoi,2011 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOE UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES Trần Thị Phượng A STUDY OF POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN TIIE CONVERSATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF ‘THE COURSEBOOK “NEW HEADWAY” PRE-INT ERMEDIATE (THE THIRD EDITION) Nghiên cứu các chiến lược lịch sự được sử dụng trong các bài hội thoại của giao trình piau tiếp NEW HEADWAY Pre-intermediate (Phién hẳn 3) MA THESIS (MINOR) Field : English Linguisties Code : 60 22 18 §upervisor : Assoe. Nguyễn Văn Độ Hanoi, 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS *Statement of authorship. Man ccs tie tees e eee was ees ne “Last of tables and charts PART I: INTRODUCTION.~Eiror! Bookmark not defined. Rationate _Error! Bookmark not defined.
Aims of the Study Error! Bookmark not defined. Scope of the Study _Krror! Bookmark not defined.neseneninenennenincmiennnisie Error! Bookmark not defined. Design of the study Error! Rookmark not defined.~E1ror! Bookanark not defined. Chapter 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROL .«Exror! Bookmark nol defined.
Language and culture. _Krror! Bookmark not defined.) Error! Bookmark not defined. coi Error! Bookmark not defined. Politzness and Politeness Stralepies Error! Bookmark not defined.
Delinitions of politeness.àc cv Error! Bookmark not defined. Face Error! Bookmark not defined.cee Heo ~ Error! Bookmark not defined. Positive politeness strategies. _Krror! Bookmark not defined.2, Negative politenoss strategies wasn soos Error! Bookmark not defined.
Abstract Nowadays, when language serves as a means of communication, English has become indispensable means of international communication, Everybody wants to leam and use iinglish for various purposes. However, a large proportion of Vietnamese stufenls have not yel been sueeessfid in communication as they may fail to understand the conversation or cannot express exactly what they want to Awareness of politeness strategies used in language is then a suitable way to help slucdents be more successfill in every day conversations ‘his study is to focus on positive and negative politeness strategies in conversations of the couse book “Naw Headway PreInferncdiats (Ths Third Rdition)”, with an aim lo help the sludents at Thang Long University improve their awareness of posilive and negative politeness strategies in conversational activities in the course book mentioned above, thus to apply these slralegies in their everyday conversationsin English In the course book “New Headway Pre-Intermediate (Ihe ‘Third Edition)”, typical conversation activities ae classified into “Requasting”, “Making suggestions”, “Inviling” and “Sovial behaviors” and then analyzed mainly in the light of the politeness theories of Brown & Levinson and Nguyen Quang. ‘I'he research shows that the frequency of positive and negative pofilencss stralegics depends not only on the purpose of the interactions but also onthe relationship between speakers and hearers in communication. Last but not Izast, some suggestions for lcaming and tcaching positive and negative politeness strategies are also presented.
Keywords: politeness, politeness strategies, positive politeness strategies, negative politeness stralegivs. Introduction People use language differently ta communicate with cach other. They may express sane meaning with various different fumetions of speech. These differences are contributed to social factors, Understanding social conventions and paying attention to such concepts as politeness and faco, which aro importan to members in a partionlar cullure, will coriainly enable us to Chapter 2: POSITIVE ANID NEGATIVE POLITENESS STRATEGIES FOUND IN THE CONVERSATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF THE COURSEBOOK.
Overview of politeness strategies in “New Headway” Pre-intermediate (The Third Eđiion) (NHWĐ. eo 20 IL The frequency of positive and negative politeness strategies used in NIIW. Error! Bookmark not define. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Balance of positive and negative politeness strategies used in NIIW. Error! Bookmark not deflned.1 3, Analyzing positive politeness stratcgics uscd in NHW Error! Bookmark not defined. Analyzing negative politeness strategies used in NHWError! Bookmark not defined. The frequency of positive and negative pelikznoss siraLzgic: im torms of functions of utlcrance.
- - Error! Baokmark nút defineil.7 II Positive and Negative Politeness Strategies and the S-H relationship Error! Bookmark not defined.2 Chapter 3: IMPLICATIONS FOR POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN TEACHING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN THANG LONG UNIVERSITY „-Enor† Bookmark not defined 8 1. Implications for teaching positive and negative politeness strategies Error! Bookmark not defined.8 Tk Supplementary exercises and activities for cross-cultural study. Error! Bookmark not defines? PART Il: CONCLUSION. Error! Bookmark not defined.7 1 Suramary - Error! Bookmark not defined.
Limitation of the study and suggestions for further research. Error! Bookmark not defined. Methodolegy The major method that the author has employed is quantitative with the reference to qualitative method as this sindy is mainly about the practical aspects of cross-cultural communication, AD the cansidcrations and conclusions arc based on the analysis and referonec. ‘he main procedures are: - Reference to publications = Discussion with supervisor - Discussion with colleagues - Discussion with students - Personal obscrvatrous 5.
Design of the study The study is divided into threc parts Part Fis the introduction which presents the rationale, aims of study, scope of the study and methodology. Part IT is the development which consists of three chaplers. Chapter 1 pravides the theoretical background on language and culture, communicative competence, speech act and politeness strategies. Chapter 2 analyzes positive and negative politeness strategies found in the conversational activities of the course book “New ITeadway” (Pre- Intermediate-The Third Edition) in tenns of ficquency of positive and negative politeness strategies used in such functions as “Requesting”, “Making suggestion”, “Responding”, “fnviting” and Social behavior”.
Tt also pays allenion to the influnce of S-IT relationships on politeness strategies, Chapter 3 gives the implications for learning and teaching politeness strategies for students at ‘Thang Long University, supplementary and activities for erass-cuttural study. Part iifis the conclusion which summatizes the study and gives some Limitations of the study and suggestions for further research. always consider negative politeness as a polite and formal way of communicating, Meanwhile, Kastem people tend to use positive politeness in almost all inferactions. ‘Ihat is why when teaching politeness strategies used in conversational activities of “New Lleadway Pre- Intermediate (ite Third Edition)” the Wacher should know boul this difference to help avoid miscommunication.
Also, it should be noted that it is necessary to teach cross-culture and polileness for the students so lal the sludents can overcome all difficullies or cullure shock in real-life communication. In conclusion, leaching Tinglish should not be separated from teaching ils cullure and ils politeness strategies, In order to help the students, especially the ones at TLU to acquire English effectrvely while using the course book “New ileadway Pre-intermediate (the ‘Third tidition)”, polilencss strategies shauld be highlighted by teacher. Some of the effective ways for studying and understanding politcness of English will be prescntcd in cultural cxcreiscs and activities on politeness in the next section 7, Exercises and activitics for the course book “New Headway” (Pre-Intermediate level) Exercise 1: Greeting 1. Study these dialogues and answer the following questions.
Which dialogue is the most polite? Why? 2. Which dialogue is the least polite? Why? 3. In which situation is cach dialogue uscd? Dialogue 1 A: Hello, Mary. How are yau? B: Fine, thank you, And you? A: Not bad, thanks.
Abstract Nowadays, when language serves as a means of communication, English has become indispensable means of international communication, Everybody wants to leam and use iinglish for various purposes. However, a large proportion of Vietnamese stufenls have not yel been sueeessfid in communication as they may fail to understand the conversation or cannot express exactly what they want to Awareness of politeness strategies used in language is then a suitable way to help slucdents be more successfill in every day conversations ‘his study is to focus on positive and negative politeness strategies in conversations of the couse book “Naw Headway PreInferncdiats (Ths Third Rdition)”, with an aim lo help the sludents at Thang Long University improve their awareness of posilive and negative politeness strategies in conversational activities in the course book mentioned above, thus to apply these slralegies in their everyday conversationsin English In the course book “New Headway Pre-Intermediate (Ihe ‘Third Edition)”, typical conversation activities ae classified into “Requasting”, “Making suggestions”, “Inviling” and “Sovial behaviors” and then analyzed mainly in the light of the politeness theories of Brown & Levinson and Nguyen Quang. ‘I'he research shows that the frequency of positive and negative pofilencss stralegics depends not only on the purpose of the interactions but also onthe relationship between speakers and hearers in communication. Last but not Izast, some suggestions for lcaming and tcaching positive and negative politeness strategies are also presented.
Keywords: politeness, politeness strategies, positive politeness strategies, negative politeness stralegivs. Introduction People use language differently ta communicate with cach other. They may express sane meaning with various different fumetions of speech. These differences are contributed to social factors, Understanding social conventions and paying attention to such concepts as politeness and faco, which aro importan to members in a partionlar cullure, will coriainly enable us to Chapter 2: POSITIVE ANID NEGATIVE POLITENESS STRATEGIES FOUND IN THE CONVERSATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF THE COURSEBOOK.
Overview of politeness strategies in “New Headway” Pre-intermediate (The Third Eđiion) (NHWĐ. eo 20 IL The frequency of positive and negative politeness strategies used in NIIW. Error! Bookmark not define. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Balance of positive and negative politeness strategies used in NIIW. Error! Bookmark not deflned.1 3, Analyzing positive politeness stratcgics uscd in NHW Error! Bookmark not defined. Analyzing negative politeness strategies used in NHWError! Bookmark not defined. The frequency of positive and negative pelikznoss siraLzgic: im torms of functions of utlcrance.
- - Error! Baokmark nút defineil.7 II Positive and Negative Politeness Strategies and the S-H relationship Error! Bookmark not defined.2 Chapter 3: IMPLICATIONS FOR POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN TEACHING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN THANG LONG UNIVERSITY „-Enor† Bookmark not defined 8 1. Implications for teaching positive and negative politeness strategies Error! Bookmark not defined.8 Tk Supplementary exercises and activities for cross-cultural study. Error! Bookmark not defines? PART Il: CONCLUSION. Error! Bookmark not defined.7 1 Suramary - Error! Bookmark not defined.
Limitation of the study and suggestions for further research. Error! Bookmark not defined. batter comprehend the different ways of speaking by people from différent cultures, thus helping climinate ethnic stereotypes and misunderstandings Cultural knowledge is obviously an important key for Vietnamese students to succeed in learning English because second language learning is second culture leaming, In order to acquire the second langnage- English, it is necessary to leam not only linguistic knowledge and interaction skills but also knowledge of the culture, Cultural factors are included in the course designs in universities and schools today. When understanding the cultural factors students have chances to expose themselves {o native speaking environments.
Normally, Vietnamese students tend to employ English based on their own cultural experience and thus, cause misinterpretation in communication. ‘I'hey sometimes appear impolite, unfriendly or even hostile by chance. Llence, lo cormmunicats well across cules sturfonis rmst, be aware of their own culture and the Engtish culture as well, especially the hidden parts of the targct culture including politeness stratzgics used in everyday conversations. Politeness is really an important part in all social interactions.
The author of this study aims to investigate and draw oul the important role of positive and negative politeness strategies in conversational activities of the course book “New Headway” (Pre-Intermediate-I'he 'Third Kdition) by John and Liz Soars so as fo improve the teaching of communication in English. Aims of the Study The study is carried out to achieve the following objectives - ‘To find out the important roles of politeness in social communication, especially in oross-cultural cornmnnication. - ‘To identify positive and negative politeness strategies in most typical contextual enviroumionts in tho conversational activitics of the course hook “New Headway” (Pre-Intermediate- The Third Edition).