Dược Phẩm Sinh Lý: Rào Cản Hấp Thụ Thuốc

Trường đại học

Taylor and Francis

Chuyên ngành

Dược Phẩm Sinh Lý

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

sách

2001

329
0
0

Phí lưu trữ

50.000 VNĐ

Mục lục chi tiết

1. Cell Membranes, Epithelial Barriers and Drug Absorption

1.1. THE PLASMA MEMBRANE

1.1.1. The phospholipid bilayer

1.1.2. Dynamic behaviour of membranes

1.1.3. Modulation of membrane fluidity by sterols

1.1.4. Models of cell membranes

1.2. TRANSPORT ACROSS CELL MEMBRANES

1.2.1. Facilitated and carrier mediated diffusion

1.2.2. Uptake of macromolecules and particles

1.3. INTERCELLULAR ROUTES OF ABSORPTION

2. Parenteral Drug Delivery

2.1. Advantages and disadvantages of intravenous delivery

2.2. Devices and technologies

2.3. Intravenous oxygen carriers

2.4. Subcutaneous colloidal delivery systems

2.5. TISSUE DAMAGE AND BIOCOMPATABILITY

2.6. DRUG DISTRIBUTION FOLLOWING PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION

2.7. THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER

2.7.1. Uptake by diffusion

2.7.2. Receptor-mediated transport

3. Drug Delivery to the Oral Cavity or Mouth

3.1. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

3.1.1. The oral cavity

3.1.2. Organisation of the oral mucosa

3.1.3. Functions of the oral mucosa

3.2. MIGRATION AND CLEARANCE OF SUBSTANCES FROM THE ORAL CAVITY

3.3. ABSORPTION OF DRUGS ACROSS THE ORAL MUCOSA

3.3.1. Disadvantages of oral mucosal delivery

3.3.2. Effect of position on drug delivery

3.3.3. Improving penetration through the mucosa

3.4. MEASUREMENT OF ORAL MUCOSAL DRUG ABSORPTION

3.5. DOSAGE FORMS FOR THE ORAL CAVITY

3.5.1. Fast-dissolving dosage forms

3.5.2. Bioadhesive dosage forms

3.6. DRUGS ADMINISTERED VIA THE ORAL MUCOSA

4. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

4.1. Gastro-oesophageal junction or cardia

4.2. MOTILITY OF THE OESOPHAGUS

4.3. OESOPHAGEAL TRANSIT OF DOSAGE FORMS

4.3.1. Typical transit times

4.4. OESOPHAGEAL ADHESION OF DOSAGE FORMS

4.4.1. Factors predisposing formulations to adhere

4.5. CONSEQUENCES OF ADHESION OF DOSAGE FORMS

4.5.1. Delay in drug absorption

4.6. EFFECT OF AGEING

4.7. PATIENT PREFERENCE AND EASE OF SWALLOWING

4.8. EFFECT OF DISEASED STATES ON TRANSIT

4.9. TARGETING THE OESOPHAGUS

5. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

5.1. Organisation of the stomach

5.2. Digestion and absorption

6. GASTRIC pH

6.1. Circadian rhythm of acidity

6.2. pH and gender

6.3. pH and age

6.4. pH and smoking

6.5. The fasted state

6.6. The fed state

6.7. Physiological factors which influence gastric emptying

6.8. Effect of disease on gastric emptying

6.9. DISPERSION OF DOSAGE FORMS IN THE STOMACH

6.9.1. Hard gelatin capsules

6.9.2. Soft gelatin capsules

6.10. GASTRIC EMPTYING OF DOSAGE FORMS

6.10.1. Time of dosing relative to a meal

6.10.2. Retention of formulations in the stomach

6.10.3. Drug-induced effects on gastric emptying

6.11. GASTRIC pH AND ENTERIC COATINGS

6.12. DRUG/FORMULATION INDUCED ULCERATION

6.13. ANIMAL MODELS FOR GASTRIC EMPTYING

7. Drug Absorption from the Small Intestine

7.1. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE SMALL INTESTINE

7.1.1. Organisation of the mucosa

7.1.2. The gastrointestinal circulation

7.1.3. The lymphatic system

7.1.4. Secretions into the small intestine

7.1.5. Secretion and absorption of water

7.1.6. Digestion and absorption of nutrients

7.2. PATTERNS OF MOTILITY IN THE SMALL INTESTINE

7.2.1. Stagnation at the ileocaecal junction

7.3. SMALL INTESTINAL TRANSIT TIMES

7.3.1. Methods for measuring small intestinal transit

7.3.2. Small intestinal transit times of food

7.3.3. Physiological and pathophysiological effects on small bowel transit

7.3.4. Small intestinal transit time of dosage forms

7.3.5. Density and small intestinal transit

7.4. ABSORPTION OF DRUGS

7.4.1. Absorption and delivery of macromolecules

7.4.2. Solvent drag and intestinal permeability

7.4.3. Intestinal reserve length

7.4.4. Interaction with food

7.4.5. First-pass metabolism

7.5. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DRUG ABSORPTION AND POSITION OF DOSE FORM

7.5.1. Radio controlled capsule

7.5.2. Absorption of drugs and foreign substances through the lymphatic system

7.6. DRUG INDUCED DAMAGE

8. Drug Delivery to the Large Intestine and Rectum

8.1. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLON

8.1.1. Interspecies differences in structure

8.1.2. Gut wall metabolism

8.1.3. Nervous and humoral control

8.1.4. Drug absorption from the colon

8.1.5. Dietary factors

8.1.6. Targeting the proximal colon

8.1.7. Effect of disease and co-medication on colonic drug absorption

8.2. RECTAL ADMINISTRATION OF DRUGS

8.2.1. Drug absorption and avoidance of first-pass metabolism

8.2.2. Dosage forms for rectal delivery

8.2.3. Adjuvants and enhancers

8.2.4. Spreading of rectal dosage forms

8.2.5. Therapeutic agents administered rectally

8.2.6. Rectal irritation and damage

9. Transdermal Drug Delivery

9.1. STRUCTURE OF THE SKIN

9.1.1. Subcutaneous fat layer

9.1.2. Hair and nails

9.1.3. Eccrine sweat glands

9.2. PASSAGE OF DRUG THROUGH THE SKIN

9.2.1. Model systems for skin

9.2.2. Routes of absorption

9.2.3. Advantages and disadvantages of transdermal delivery

9.3. FACTORS AFFE

Physiological pharmaceutics

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Physiological pharmaceutics