FACULTY OF BUSINESS Identifying Factors of Cross Border E-Commerce Supply Chain Resilience in Viet Nam STUDENT NAME STUDENT ID Nguyen Ngoc Minh Chau HS150227 Nguyen Thu Ha HS150661 Tran Hoai Anh HS150639 Phan Thi Khanh Linh HS153254 SUPERVISOR PHI-HUNG NGUYEN PH.D THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS DECEMBER, 2023 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We want to express our deep appreciation to all those who have provided their support during our academic journey. With their assistance, we were able to accomplish our goals in this thesis. First and foremost, we extend our heartfelt gratitude to Dr. Nguyen Phi Hung, whose significant role in our success cannot be overstated.
Hung's unwavering guidance, support, and expertise in the research field were instrumental in shaping our thesis. He consistently motivated us throughout our learning journey and skillfully guided us through challenges and obstacles, ensuring the timely completion of our thesis. We are immensely grateful to Dr. Hung for his invaluable guidance and support.
We also thank the Faculty of Business FPT University lecturers. Throughout our four years of study, they provided us with continuous support and guidance, sharing their extensive knowledge and skills. Their contribution equipped us with the necessary tools to complete this project. We want to thank the reviewers for their valuable feedback.
Their insightful comments and suggestions greatly enhanced the quality of our study. The main results of this thesis have been published under the title "Identifying Factors of Cross Border E-Commerce Supply Chain Resilience in Viet Nam" and are included in the appendix. Supervisor’s signature Ha Noi, December 2023 Thesis’s Authors Nguyen Ngoc Minh Cha Phan Thi Khanh Linh Tran Hoai Anh Nguyen Thu Ha 2 ABSTRACT In an era dominated by the rise of global e-commerce, the Cross-border Supply Chains Resilience has become an indispensable strategic requirement. Cross-border E-commerce Supply Chain Resilience plays a pivotal role in the contemporary global economy, supporting international trade, bolstering economic stability through diversified sourcing, and fostering business innovation and competitiveness.
A research methodology combining Fuzzy-Delphi and Fuzzy-DEMATEL methods has been introduced in two phases to identify and prioritize the primary factors influencing Cross-border E-commerce Supply in Vietnam. The research aims to fulfill dual objectives: (I) to identify and isolate critical variables that impact the resilience of Cross-border E-commerce Supply Chain in Vietnam and (II) to ascertain the relative importance and interrelationships among these variables. By delving into the network of relationships between these factors, this research offers a more nuanced comprehension of the determinants of Cross-border E-commerce Supply Chain and their ripple effects on other aspects. The study offers managerial and policy implications by identifying core resilience factors such as Pandemics and Health Crises, Information Technology and Connectivity, Environmental Considerations.
The results of this study are expected to provide valuable insights into the critical factors influencing Cross-border E-commerce Supply Chain in Vietnam and their relative significance. These findings can serve as a foundation for policymakers to develop effective strategies for strengthening Cross-border E-commerce Supply Chain, especially in developing countries like Vietnam, where this resilience can be a driver of economic growth and development. Moreover, this proposed research methodology has the potential to make a substantial contribution to the body of knowledge regarding Cross-border E-commerce Supply Chain and present a valuable framework for future investigations. Through its comprehensive approach, the study aims to provide a nuanced understanding of Cross-border E-commerce Supply Chain, ultimately empowering businesses to navigate the increasingly intricate and uncertain global landscape more effectively.
Keyword: Cross-border E-commerce, Supply Chain resilience, Cross-border E-commerce Supply Chain, Fuzzy-Delphi, Fuzzy-DEMATEL, Vietnam. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 4 LIST OF TABLES.
6 LIST OF FIGURES. 7 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .1 Cross-border E-Commerce .2 Supply Chain Resilience .3 Overview of Cross-border E-commerce Supply Chain in global background .4 Cross-border E-commerce Supply Chain in Vietnam .6 Importance Of Cross Border E-Commerce Supply Chain Resilience. 18 Chapter 2: Literature review .1 Literature Review on Cross-border E-commerce Supply Chain Resilience .1 Cross-border E-commerce .2 Suplly Chain Resilience .2 Literature Review On MCDM Models .1 Fuzzy Sets Theory .2 Delphi and Fuzzy-Delphi Methods .3 DEMATEL and Fuzzy - DEMATEL .3 Literature review on Main Factors .4 Literature review on Key Determinants .1 Research Design and Research Process .3 Sample and Data Collection .2 Fuzzy-Delphi method.3 Fuzzy-DEMATEL method. 82 Chapter 4: Results and Discussions.
Result of the Fuzzy Delphi Method .3 Result of the Fuzzy DEMATEL Method.1 The Fuzzy-DEMATEL results of main factors .2 The Fuzzy-DEMATEL results of Regulation environment .3 The Fuzzy-DEMATEL results of Customs and Border Procedures .4 The Fuzzy-DEMATEL results of Transportation Infrastructure .5 The Fuzzy-DEMATEL results of Information Technology and Connectivity .6 The Fuzzy-DEMATEL results of Supplier and Partner Relationships .7 The Fuzzy-DEMATEL results of Inventory Management.8 The Fuzzy-DEMATEL results of Risk Assessment and Mitigation Strategies.9 The Fuzzy-DEMATEL results of Information Sharing and Transparency .10 The Fuzzy-DEMATEL results of Supply Chain Visibility and Traceability .11 The Fuzzy-DEMATEL results of Pandemics and Health Crises .12 The Fuzzy-DEMATEL results of Environmental Considerations .13 The Fuzzy-DEMATEL results of Political and Geopolitical Stability.115 Chapter 5: Conclusions, Implications, Limitations, and Future Work .4 Limitations and Future Research. 141 5 LIST OF TABLES Table 2. 1: Determinants belonging to 12 dimensions. 1: Fuzzy-Delphi linguistic terms transformation.
2: Triangular fuzzy numbers corresponding to linguistic terms (Li, 1999). 1: Descriptive data of Age. 2: Descriptive Statistics of Gender. 3:Descriptive Statistics of Education Qualification.
4: Descriptive Statistics of Position Occupation. 5: Descriptive Statistics of Experience Years. 6: Fuzzy-DELPHI Method factor result. 7: Fuzzy-DELPHI Method sub-factor result.
8: The Fuzzy-DEMATEL results of main factors. 9: The Fuzzy-DEMATEL results of Regulation environment. 10: The Fuzzy-DEMATEL results of Customs and Border Procedures. 11: The Fuzzy-DEMATEL results of Transportation Infrastructure.
12: The Fuzzy-DEMATEL results of Information Technology and Connectivity. 13: The Fuzzy-DEMATEL results of Supplier and Partner Relationships. 14: The Fuzzy-DEMATEL results of Inventory Management .15: The Fuzzy-DEMATEL results of Risk Assessment and Mitigation Strategies. 16: The Fuzzy-DEMATEL results of Information Sharing and Transparency.
17: The Fuzzy-DEMATEL results of SC Visibility and Traceability. 18: The Fuzzy-DEMATEL results of Pandemics and Health Crises. 19: The Fuzzy-DEMATEL results of Environmental Considerations. 20: The Fuzzy-DEMATEL results of Political and Geopolitical Stability .115 6 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.
1: Proposed research framework. 2: Triangular fuzzy number. 3: (a) Central triangular number; (b) Central triangular number symmetrical about µ. 1: Responses of Question 1.
2: Responses of Question 2. 3: Responses of Question 3. 4: Responses of Question 4. 5: Responses of Question 5.
6: Intensity level of the relationships. 7: Network relations map of dimentions. 8: Network relations map of RE. 9: Network relations map of Customs and Border Procedures.
10: Network relations map of Transportation Infrastructure. 11: Network relations map of Information Technology and Connectivity. 12: Network relations map of Supplier and Partner Relationships. 13: Network relations map of Inventory management.
14: Network relations map of of Risk Assessment and Mitigation Strategies. 15: Network relations map of of Information Sharing and Transparency. 16: Network relations map of SC Visibility and Traceability. 17: Network relations map of Pandemics and Health Crises.
18: Network relations map of Environment considerations. 19: Network relations map of Political and Geopolitical Stability .116 7 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ABBREVIATION FULL DEFINITION CBEC Cross-border E-commerce CBECSC Cross-border E-commerce Supply Chain SC Supply Chain ICT Information and Communication Technology SCR Supply Chain Resilience CBECSCR Cross-border E-commerce Supply Chain SMEs Small and Medium-sized Enterprises MCDM Multi-Criteria Decision-Making GIS Geographic Information Systems JIT Just-in-time BCM Business Continuity Management IT Information Technology FS Financial Stability IoT Internet of things VIKOR VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje PROMETHEE Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations ELECTRE Elimination and Choice Expressing Reality AHP Analytic Hierarchy Process TOPSIS Similarity to Ideal Solution PLS-SEM Partial least squares structural equation modeling UN/CEFACT United Nations Center for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business FSC Food Supply Chain 8 Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Cross-border E-Commerce The growth within the Internet economy has caused conventional international trade to change into Cross-border E-commerce (CBEC), and this has led to a breakthrough in CBEC companies (Y. Wang et al. E-commerce or online sales between consumers and sellers, is the area of the world economy that is expanding at the quickest rate.
CBEC is the term used to describe online transactions and dealings that take place between different areas or countries and are made possible by information and communication technology (ICT) (Fang & Wang, 2021). Contracts are negotiated, electronic payments are processed via e-commerce platforms, and a logistics provider ships goods abroad inside CBEC (H. Zhang et al. The Cross-border E- commerce supply chain (CBECSC) may be thought of as an organizational structure run by important businesses with the objective of meeting CBEC consumers' needs through collaboration with Supply Chain (SC) partners.
The activities covered by this partnership span the whole product lifecycle and include product design, procurement, production, sales, and service (Liu et al.2 Supply Chain Resilience Ponomarov and Holcomb (2009) claimed that adaptability in a Supply Chain Resilience (SCR) refers to its capacity to foresee unforeseen circumstances, deal with interruptions skillfully, and restore operational continuity by preserving the appropriate degree of connectivity and control over structure and function. Every action within a SC carries a certain level of inherent risk for potential disruptions. Shorter product life cycles, rising customer demands, and SC's growing global reach have highlighted the financial impact these disruptions in business innovation and competitiveness have on businesses. Disruptions could range from a significant fire at a factory, an important supplier, or even a terrorist attack.
These events can negatively impact revenue and costs, resulting in revenue loss, decreased market share, and increased expenses due to expedited logistics services. To minimize these risks, a SC needs to be designed with event preparedness, efficient response, 9 and the ability to restore operations to an original or improved state after a disruption occurs. This is the essence of SCR (H. Zhang et al.3 Overview of Cross-border E-commerce Supply Chain in global background The expansion of international trade has led to the robust and consistent growth of CBEC (H.
Zhang et al., 2023), demonstrating a steady upward trajectory. This global phenomenon has reshaped the way businesses operate and consumers shop. It transcends geographical boundaries and opens new avenues for international trade. With the aid of technological platforms and payment methods, CBEC has grown to be a significant force in driving global trade.
This includes online transactions for the international sale and acquisition of goods and services. With its unparalleled access to consumers and marketplaces throughout the world, this phenomenon has completely transformed traditional commerce. CBEC has many advantages, but it also presents some special difficulties, particularly when it comes to external dangers to the SC, such as terrorism, natural catastrophes, political unrest, financial instability, and legal issues. These dangers exacerbate SC vulnerability in CBEC and raise the possibility of disruption.
They are unable to fully satisfy client requests because of these interruptions. For example, Seagate faced difficulties in fulfilling orders for hard disk drives when it lost two of its plants to floods caused by a tsunami in Thailand in 2010 (Thomas Fuller, 2011). Additionally, in 2018, the CBECSC faced disruptive risks due to trade tensions between China and the United States (Lukin, 2019). The necessity of reviewing healthcare systems, business models, lifestyles, and SC management was further highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic.
It brought supply shortages to the forefront in 2020, amid shifting demand and interruptions in the supply side (Ozdemir et al. These challenges highlight the dynamic and uncertain nature of supply networks. Managers are finding it increasingly difficult to coordinate the flow of resources, partly due to the growing dynamism of the environment (Christopher et al.