» 2 English Grammar mm publications A ve English Grammar Elementary Contents Unit 1 Present Simple / Present Progressive .0 cee ee ee ee 2 h2 1ï. A4 8 Unit 3 SomeAny-No-Every / Much-Many-A lot of-A few-A little / How much? - How many? .14 Unit 4 Object Pronouns / Possessive Adjectives / Possessive Pronouns / Possessive Case .19 Umit 5 Adjectives / Adverbs / Comparisons .00 cee ee ees 24 Revision Units T-5. - - - ee 30 Unit 6 Past Simple / Past ProgressiVe. Q Q QQ QQ HQ LH HQ Hà.
34 Unit 27 Prepositions of Time / Prepositions of Place / Prepositions of Movement. 41 Unit 8 Relative Clauses / Relative Pronouns (who, which, that, whose). 47 Unit 9 Reflexive - Emphatic Pronouns / Which? /One-Ones. —nw ee 57 Unit 10 Present Perfect Simple.
000 ee eee eee ees 60 Unit 11 Present Perfect Simple vs. Past Simple / The verb usedfo. 66 Unit 12 Present Perfect Progressive. ees 71 Unit 13 Can - Could - Be able to - May - Might - Shall.
76 Unit 14 Infinitive / -ing form / Too- Enough 1. ee 82 Revision Units 10-14 |). 0d ees 87 Unit 15 Future V/// / Future Going to / Time Clauses. 90 Unit 16 Conditional Sentences Type 1_.- QQ Q Q QQ Ủ 96 Unit 17 Question Words / Subject - Object Questions.
100 Umit 18 Must-Have to- Should. eee 105 Revision Units 15-18 ©. ee 110 Unit 19 Negative Questions / Question Tags .s:) 113 Umit 20 Passive Voice 2. eee ees 118 Unit 21 Past Perfect Simple.
TwWẽ HH 123 Unit 22 So - Neither / Both - All - Neither-None. 133 Student A Pairwork Activities. es 136 Student B Pairwork Activities. ee 144 Irregular Verbs.
ne tees 152 Weorcdtlistt. a tr 154 tt © Present simple We use the Present Simple: Present Simple ® for habitual actions or actions which are repeated 1 usually wake up at 8 o'clock. in the present. Time Expressions | Present Progressive @ for permanent states in the present.
always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never He works in a bank. every day/morning/week/year, etc. ® for general truths. once/twice/three times, etc.
a week/day, etc. The moon goes round the Earth. on Fridays, in spring, in the afternoon, etc. Read the text below.
Affirmative Negative FULL FORMS SHORT FORMS | read | do not read I don’t read He/She/It reads He/She/It does not read He/She/It doesn’t read We/You/They read We/You/They do not read We/You/They don’t read Interrogative Short Answers Do | read? Yes, | do. Percy wakes up at 9 o'clock In the evening Percy goes to This week Percy is staying in Does he/she/it read? Yes, he/she/it does. No, he/she/it doesn’t. He plays the drums in.
His orchestra is Do we/you/they read? Yes, we/you/they do. No, we/you/they don’t.He doesn’t work in the morning and he an orchestra. ~ = giving some concerts there. usually stays at home.
~ Tonight they’re playing at Spelling the Symphony Hall. | watch —> he watches I fix — she fixes | fish —» he fishes | go — it goes | pass —» she passes I study —~» he studies Ca | play —» she plays The frequency adverbs always. usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never usually go before the main verb, but after the verb be. He always goes to school by bus.
Does he always go to school by bus? He doesn’t always go to school by bus. She is always late. It's 8 o'clock now and Percy Percy is finally on stage and 0 Present Progressive is running to the concert hall. he’s running to his place, He's late! but.
We use the Present Progressive: ® for actions that are happening now, at the moment of speaking. Time Expressions Are the following sentences True or False? Write T or F in the boxes. Look! A boy is running across the street. now, right now, at the moment 1 Percy always stays at home in the morning.
—: LÌ ® to describe temporary situations or actions at present, these days, today 2 Percy works in the evening. mm that are happening at present, but not necessarily at the moment of speaking. this week/year, etc. 3 Percy is a musician.
a xa She’s working in a supermarket these days. tonight, tomorrow, on Wednesday, etc. Ễ y [| next week/year, etc. 4 Percy lives in Birmingham.
@ for actions that we have planned to do in the near 5 The orchestra is giving a concert at the Symphony Hall. Peter is leaving for Paris next week. © Look at the pictures and the prompts. Write questions and answers, as in the example.
Affirmative Negative SHORT FORMS FULL FORMS SHORT FORMS FULL FORMS | am reading I'm reading 1 am not reading I'm not reading He/She/It’s reading He/She/It is not reading He/She/It isn’t reading He/She/It is reading We/You/They are reading} We/You/They're reading We/You/They are not reading} We/You/They aren't reading Interrogative Short Änswers Am | reading? Yes, | am. Is he/she/it reading? Yes, he/she/it is. No, he/she/it isn’t. Yes, we/you/they are.
No, we/you/they aren't. 7 they / sit / at / table / ? Are we/you/they reading? 1 Debbie / run / ? 4 Julie and Peter / stand / ? Is Debbie running? Spelling No, she isn't. come —» coming agree —» agreeing eat —> eating | cut —» cutting begin —> beginning mn visit — visiting lie — lying study —> studying 5 Julie and Peter /listen /music/? 8 they / watch / TV / ? 2 Debbie / smile / ? travel —> travelling sail —> sailing stative \ |Note: | Certain verbs are usually not used in the Present Progressive. These verbs are called | verbs and usually express: @ senses: smell, taste, hear, etc.
@ emotions: love, like, hate, want, etc. 3 Debbie / carry / umbrella / ? 6 Julie / wear / trousers / ? 9 they / drink / milk / ? @ thought, knowledge, belief: know, think, understand, etc. @ © erie: @ various other states, such as: cost, own, seem, appear, etc. Complete the sentences with the Present Simple or the Present Progressive of the verbs in © Look the prompts.
Write questions and answers, as in the example. 1 Sandra / speak / German / ? 4 zebras / live / Africa / ? 1 Do Stephen and Jack always play (always / play) basketball in the +> No / English and French > Yes afternoon? Does Sandra speak German? ——— 2 Danie! (fly) to Rome tomorrow morning. No, she doesn't. She speaks English and French.
3 Wendy is at home. 4 Sheila (know) Mrs Jones? 2 frogs / live / near lakes / ? 5 lions / eat / leaves / ? 5 John and Mary ⁄ ___ (learn) Italian this year. > No / meat — > Yes 6 Angie _ (often / cook) chicken for dinner? 7 we (go) to the cinema this Saturday? 8 | (not understand) this exercise! 9 Jenny (walk) to school every day. She (never / take) 3 Jennifer / go / work / car / ? 6 Mr Andrews /teach /maths /? the bus.
> No / train > No / geography Ann and Jane _ (not want) to watch the football match because they (not like) football. el) Look at the pictures and write sentences, as in the example. Use the Present Simple and the Present Progressive of the verbs in the box. te to work by bus every morning.
Today she (15) sleep taxi because she (16) to be late. However, she (17) SUNDAY MORNING because she (18) they are expensive. 1 Mr Smith usually writes letters on Sunday morning but now he's taking pictures. oO Communication 2 Mrs Smith Work in pairs.
vocabulary box Student A Go to page 136 watch cartoons Student B Go to page 144 clean room wash car 3 Tony have coffee with friend skate with friends go on picnic go shopping 4 Melissa work in garden 5 The cats Imagine you are on a camping holiday near a beach. Write a postcard to a friend, telling him/her what you do every day and what you are doing today. Use the ideas given and your own. Complete the texts with the Present Simple or the Present Progressive of the verbs in the boxes.
hae” hae have cook eS invite play 1 Every year Helen (1) has a party on her birthday. Her mother (2) _- lot of food and (3) a big cake. Helen (4) all her friends and classmates. They (5) , (6) games and (7) lots of fun.
This year Helen (8) the party next Saturday afternoon. aa travel return mest — “fly a 2 Mr Foster often (9) abroad on business. Tomorrow he (10) to Germany. He (11) there for three days and he (12) some German businessmen.
He (13) to London on Thursday evening. © arrtices The Indefinite Article a/an Articles @ We use the indefinite article a/an before singular countable nouns. N a pen an apple S ouns We use a/an: @ When we speak about something that is not specific. There’s a man at the door.
Đublin Bus Ride ® for professions. Read the text. Complete the blanks with a, an, the or -. The Definite Article the @ We use the definite article the before uncountable nouns and before countable nouns, both Welcome to Dublin Bus Ride, ladies and in the singular and in the plural.
We're now passing the Gate the milk the pen the pens E SS e We use the before: Theatre and turning into O' Connell Street, @ something specific or unique. one of the wilest siicets i wore The man at the door is my uncle. The sun rises in the east. Ahead of us is the River Liffey.
We're now sa sa, lois, deserts: crossing O' Connell Bridge and going the Mediterranean (Sea) the Atlantic (Ocean) the Amazon (River) the Sahara (Desert) towards Trinity College. Trinity College is ® groups of islands, mountain ranges, and countries in the plural. | the Canary Islands the Himalayas the USA oldest university in ireland. River Liffey > ®@ people's surnames (when we refer to the whole family).
Dame the Smiths And now we are turning into @ nationalities (when we refer to the whole nation). Street and we're going to see a beautiful the Greeks Co Fiona is Italian. old building, Dublin Castle. After that, we're @ musical instruments (with the verb play).
going to visit old church, Christ He plays the piano. Finally, we're going to @ names of hotels, cinemas, newspapers. have lunch at traditional Irish the Hilton Hotel the Rex Cinema _ the Times @ the cardinal points. e Í in the east | ® the superlative form of adjectives and adverbs.
Tom is the tallest boy in this class. We do not use the before: @ names of people, cities, islands, lakes, countries, streets, continents, nationalities. She comes from Spain. ® School subjects or sports.
t History is interesting. We love football. @ Uncountable nouns and plural countable nouns, when we talk about something in general. Cats like milk.
Ba 7 ® The words breakfast, lunch, dinner. ere ay We have lunch at 1:30. 2 ik Be! ® The words hospital, home, school, church, bed, work, prison, when they are used for the Christ Church Cathedral purpose for which they exist. The boys are at school.
En The boys visited their uncle at the hospital. © N 3 This is Donna’s souvenir shopping list. Look at the pictures and complete the blanks. Nouns refer to people, animals, things, material, situations, states, etc.
They can be countable or uncountable. Countable Nouns Countable nouns can be counted. They have singular and plural forms. We can use a/an before them in the singular and numbers in the plural.
1 Two ___watches—_ ⁄ for the twins.