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Furthermore, the publisher ensures that the text paper and cover board used have met acceptable environmental accreditation standards. Typeset by Newgen Knowledge Works Pvt Ltd Printed by MPG Printgroup, UK © Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2013 Contents Contributor contact details ix Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy xi Part I Electrical drive technology 1 1 Electrical generators for direct drive systems: a technology overview 3 M. ZAVVOS, University of Edinburgh, UK 1.3 Permanent magnet direct drive (PMDD) generator topologies 9 1.5 References 23 2 Principles of electrical design of permanent magnet generators for direct drive renewable energy systems 30 H. POLINDER, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands 2.2 Design requirements and evaluation criteria 30 2.3 Scaling laws for dimensioning machines 32 2.7 References 48 v © Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2013 vi Contents 3 Electrical, thermal and structural generator design and systems integration for direct drive renewable energy systems 51 A.
McDONALD, University of Strathclyde, UK and M. ZAVVOS, University of Edinburgh, UK 3.2 Integrated systems design of machine topologies 55 3.3 Structural considerations and mechanical design 58 3.5 Designs of machine topologies for 5–20 MW direct drive wind turbines 74 3.6 Application to direct drive marine energy systems 75 3.7 References 76 4 An overview of power electronic converter technology for renewable energy systems 80 Z. CHEN, Aalborg University, Denmark 4.2 Power electronic components 81 4.3 Topologies of power electronic converters 84 4.4 Modulation techniques in voltage source converters (VSCs) 88 4.5 Power control of voltage source converters 94 4.7 References 104 5 Power electronic converter systems for direct drive renewable energy applications 106 Z. CHEN, Aalborg University, Denmark 5.2 Characteristics of wind and marine energy generation systems 107 5.3 Back-to-back voltage source converter (BTB-VSC) 111 5.4 Diode rectifier plus DC/DC converter as the generator side converter 116 5.5 Application of current source converters (CSCs) 121 5.6 Power electronic system design considerations 123 5.7 Power electronic system challenges and reliability 127 5.8 Conclusion and future trends 132 5.9 References 133 © Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2013 Contents vii Part II Applications: wind and marine 137 6 Wind turbine drive systems: a commercial overview 139 E.
DE VRIES, Rotation Consultancy, The Netherlands 6.2 Early geared wind turbine drive systems 140 6.3 Direct drive generators 143 6.4 Doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) 145 6.5 Low- and medium-speed (MS) geared hybrid concept 147 6.6 Permanent magnet generators (PMGs) in direct drive wind turbines 150 6.7 Alternative technologies and power conversion 152 6.8 Reliability, availability and total systems efficiency 154 6.9 References 156 7 Case study of the permanent magnet direct drive generator in the Zephyros wind turbine 158 A. JASSAL, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands, K. VERSTEEGH, XEMC-Darwind, The Netherlands and H. POLINDER, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands 7.2 Design process and the resulting design 158 7.3 Other design considerations 164 7.6 Operational experience and problems faced 170 7.10 References 174 8 Direct drive wave energy conversion systems: an introduction 175 M.
POLINDER, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands 8.3 Direct drive in wave energy 184 8.4 Conclusion 192 © Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2013 viii Contents 8.6 References 192 9 Case study of the Archimedes Wave Swing (AWS) direct drive wave energy pilot plant 195 M. POLINDER, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands 9.2 AWS wave energy converter 195 9.3 AWS pilot plant power take-off (PTO): design and construction 201 9.4 AWS pilot plant power take-off (PTO): test results 208 9.7 References 217 10 Application of high-temperature superconducting machines to direct drive renewable energy systems 219 O. KEYSAN, University of Edinburgh, UK 10.2 Common superconducting wire materials 223 10.3 Advantages of superconducting machines 227 10.5 Superconducting machine topologies 231 10.6 Direct drive applications 235 10.7 Application to wind turbines 237 10.8 Application to wave energy 246 10.10 References 248 Index 253 © Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2013 Contributor contact details (* = main contact) EH9 3JL UK Editors E-mail: markus.uk Professor Markus Mueller Institute for Energy Systems Chapter 2 School of Engineering Dr Henk Polinder Mayfield Road Electrical Power Processing University of Edinburgh Electrical Engineering, Edinburgh Mathematics and Computer EH9 3JL Science UK Delft University of Technology E-mail: markus.uk Mekelweg 4 2628 CD Delft Dr Henk Polinder The Netherlands Electrical Power Processing Electrical Engineering, E-mail: H.nl Mathematics and Computer Science Chapter 3 Delft University of Technology Dr Alasdair McDonald* Mekelweg 4 Wind Energy Systems Doctoral 2628 CD Delft Training Centre The Netherlands Department for Electronic and E-mail: H.nl Electrical Engineering Room 3-36, Royal College Building Chapter 1 University of Strathclyde 204 George Street Professor Markus Mueller* and Glasgow Aristides Zavvos G1 1XW Institute for Energy Systems UK School of Engineering Mayfield Road E-mail: alasdair. University of Edinburgh ac.uk Edinburgh ix © Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2013 x Contributor contact details Professor Markus Mueller and Dr Henk Polinder Aristides Zavvos Electrical Power Processing Institute for Energy Systems Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering Mathematics and Computer Mayfield Road Science University of Edinburgh Delft University of Technology Edinburgh Mekelweg 4 EH9 3JL 2628 CD Delft UK The Netherlands E-mail: markus.nl Kees Versteegh Chapters 4 and 5 XEMC-Darwind Dr Z.
Chen The Netherlands Department of Energy Technology E-mail: k.versteegh@xemc-darwind. Aalborg University com Pontoppidanstraede 101 DK-9220 Aalborg East Chapters 8 and 9 Denmark Miguel Prado* and Dr Henk E-mail: zch@et.dk Polinder Electrical Power Processing Chapter 6 Electrical Engineering, E. de Vries Mathematics and Computer Rotation Consultancy Science Van Lenneplaan 8 Delft University of Technology 3818VE Amersfoort Mekelweg 4 The Netherlands 2628 CD Delft The Netherlands E-mail: rotation.nl E-mail: miguel. Anoop Jassal* LB.670 Chapter 10 EWI Faculty Ozan Keysan TU Delft Institute for Energy Systems Mekelweg 4 University of Edinburgh 2628CD Mayfield Road, King’s Buildings Delft Edinburgh The Netherlands EH9 3JL UK E-mail: anoop.uk © Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2013 Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy 1 Generating power at high efficiency: Combined cycle technology for sustainable energy production Eric Jeffs 2 Advanced separation techniques for nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment Edited by Kenneth L.
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