VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING VU DINH BAO PHUC- 19522048 NGUYEN QUANG TIEN- 19522338 CAPSTONE PROJECT RESEARCH, DESIGN, AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MEASURING DEVICE AND LORAWAN GATEWAY’S COVERAGE DISPLAY SYSTEM NGHIEN CUU, THIET KE VA HIEN THUC THIET BI DO DAC VA HE THONG HIEN THI MUC DO BAO PHU CUA GATEWAY LORAWAN BACHELOR OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING MENTOR PHD. TRINH LE HUY HO CHI MINH CITY, 2023 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First, we would like to thank the University of Information Technology teachers. While studying and practicing at the school, with the dedicated teaching and guidance of the teachers, they have equipped me with professional knowledge and soft skills, giving us solid baggage in the future. Life and work in the future.
Next, we thank the Department of Computer Engineering for always creating favorable conditions for us to study and develop. In particular, to complete this graduation thesis, we would like to express our deep gratitude to Mr. Trinh Le Huy for his enthusiastic guidance and equipment support for us during this thesis. At the same time, we would also like to thank former students Nguyen Binh Phuong, Le Xuan Minh, Nguyen Minh Khoa, and Tran Quoc Son from the research group of Mr.
We also want to thank all the companies and developers providing free services, open-source libraries, and projects. These tools and libraries are necessary for my thesis to be as complete as it is now. Finally, we would like to thank our family, who always encouraged us throughout this thesis. Ho Chi Minh city, July 26", 2023 Students Nguyen Quang Tien Vu Dinh Bao Phuc TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1.
SG G1 1 TH HH HH HH HH 2 1. The current situation of LoRa’s developmen(. — Global situation of LoRa’s development. Domestic situation of LoRa’s developmen(.----‹---«<++ss++ 3 | Pam Ko) 0)Coad X0)-| ee 5 1.
SH 9 TT TH HH HH nh nh ghi ng7 PPcáo v90. HH TH HH HH HH ke 9 2. HH HH» ệt 10 2. HH HH HH HH HT ni, 10 "` 6000.
Component archIt€CfUTe-. HH HH HH HH HH Hệ 15 2. The Things Network S€TV€T.- HH HH kg 17 2. Ăn ng HH nghệ 18 2.
R€aC{f-ÌNa(IV©.- LG L LH g1 1 xe 19 2. SH HH HT HH HH HH HH20 2.-- QnH*nHHTH HT 21 2. HH HH HT HH 22 2. GPS Quectel LC76F module.
Hardware device OV€TVICW.-- 4 eee 1E 1E931 E3 11 1 vn ng ngư 34 3. HH HH HH HH HH 34 3. The Things Network S€TV€T. LH HH HH TH HH Hệ 36 3.- su HH nhện 37 3.-- - c1 TH HH HH ngư 38 Chapter 4.
LH ng nh ng ng rờ40 `` Z. Database and S€TVT. on HH TH ng HH,46 4. 0) 0) | (6r-1 8 (0) | Q1 HH HH ng ngư 48 4.- --- c1 HH HH nh 51 CN 5i 2iàáv0i)) 000 0 ï 5.
| Energy consumption of the board in sleep mode. Energy consumption of the board in active mode. SG SH HH HH HH HH HH 59 5. Conclusion based on measured r€SuÏfS.
Advantages and disadvantages .QQQ HT HH HH TH 60 5.Ă SH ch HH HH ng như60 5. << 0100 g1 kvkkkkkEk 61 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 The layers in the LoRa System, .- ch HH HH ng HH re 9 Figure 2.- Ác ST HH ngư 11 Figure 2.4 Component architecture of the MQTT protocol. Firebase provides real-time syncing across deVICes. Functional block diagram of the system.- «5+5 s «+ <++ss+sses 25 Figure 3.
System OV€TVICW. HH TH HH TH HH HH 26 Figure 3. The RAK3172 modu]e. LC76F GPS mOdUÌE.-- G5 3 3191911 9111 vn Hàng HH ng rưệt 29 Figure 3.
LoRa anf€TTIA.-- - << 111v HH HH HH nh 31 Figure 3. GPS an(t€TTA.- G01 2111210111101 139101 1911 vn ng HH ng 33 Figure 3. Overview diagram of the (Ì@VICC. Gateway interface on TTN S€TVCT.
The end device’s configuration settings on TTN platform. NodeJS server COTISOÏ. Firebase Database data Structure. The platform interfaces that can be applied to the application.
Device block diagram. ce ceeccecescesecesceeeseeeeseeeeeeceneeeaeeesaecesneeeeneeeaes 40 Figure 4. Top side of the 3D PCB model. Bottom side of the 3D PCB model.
Our team's circuit board after soldering and finishing. Our team's circuit board after soldering and finishing. Live data on TTN S€TV€T.-- G Q1 HH TH HH ng 44 IanisEJAN0I0)00). Uplink message payÌOa(.- sgk Hy45 Figure 4.
G5 3 111911910193 911 9119 ng nh45 Figure 4. Measurement information in the database.11 NodeJS server COTISOÏÌe.-- 4 + 11 ng nHng ng rên47 Figure 4. Invalid parameters on server COISOÏ€. The profile SCre@N.
University of Information Technology heatmap. Measurement information 1n ÏTÌP. Energy consumption of the board when GPS is Off. Energy consumption when GPS and RAK are is sleep mode.
Energy consumption when RAK and GPS are in sleep mode. Energy consumption of the board when active. Energy consumption of the board when sending LoRa packets. 57 LIST OF TABLES Table 3.
Antenna SD€CIÍICAfIOT. -- - 2G 1 12101119101 9101993112 HH ng ng 32 Table 4. Heatmap color SCaÏG. Example points to demonstrate heatmap display.
Device energy COTSUITDẨIO. Achieved result compared to topic’s GOA. eeeeseeceeeceeseeeeeeeeeeteeeaeeeee 59 ABBREVIATION TIN The Things Network MCU Microcontroller Unit MQTT Message Queuing Telemetry Transport ITP Information Technology Park LDO Low-dropout regulator LPWAN Low Power Wide Area Network AWS Amazon Web Services M2M Machine to Machine QoS Quality of Service loT Internet of Things OASIS Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards AMQP Advanced Message Queuing Protocol RHCP Right Hand Circular Polarization RSSI Received signal strength indicator P2P Point-to-Point LNA Low-noise amplifier SNR Signal-to-noise ratio THESIS SUMMARY The topic "RESEARCH, DESIGN, AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MEASURING DEVICE AND LORAWAN GATEWAY'S COVERAGE DISPLAY SYSTEM" is researched and developed by the team; the project uses GPS module LC76F to locate and combine with the RAK module which is capable of transmitting and receiving a signal through LoRa wave, instead of using MCU (Microcontroller Unit) like ESP32, STM32 to control LoRa chip/module. This helps optimize the size of the circuit board.
The group's hardware device is used to locate and determine the signal strength between the device and the gateway. The measured information of the device will be stored in Firebase Database through The Things Network (TTN) Server and the team's NodeJS server. The team used the React-Native framework to implement the application to display the location and signal strength of devices and gateways stored on the Firebase Database. The system had been used for measuring and testing at the University of Information Technology campus.
Introduction Nowadays, the great development of science and technology has changed every aspect of our lives. The daily needs of people are constantly increasing, especially in the field of technology, leading to the number of technological devices produced each year increasing exponentially. In that development trend, IoT (Internet of Things) is the field of leading focus in research and development thanks to the ability to connect many devices [2]. For IoT technology to work optimally, choosing an appropriate protocol for communication between devices is extremely important.
The protocols used in IoT today are very diverse, such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Zigbee, Z-Wave, NFC, Cellular, and LoRa. Each protocol type has its advantages, disadvantages and is used for different purposes. Among the above protocols, LoRa is one of the most popular IoT communication protocols today, LoRa stands out for its long-range, energy, and cost savings and the ability to connect to a wide range of devices [1]. With the advantages of LoRa, it is being applied in many different fields such as environmental monitoring, energy management, and remote warning system.
The application and operation of LoRa technology are quite simple, it only needs a Gateway device to receive information from end-node devices and transmit it to a cloud server. In an open area and with very few obstacles, LoRa technology works extremely effectively. On the other hand, when used in clustered spaces with many obstacles, LoRa does not always work optimally. In that case, the connectivity of LoRa technology depends on quite a lot on the location of the Gateway so that the signal strength to the end- node devices is as good as possible [3].
Therefore, the research, design, and implementation of a device capable of measuring together with a system to display the coverage of the Gateway will help determine the ideal Gateway's location. The current situation of LoRa’s development 1. Global situation of LoRa’s development LoRa is a wireless communication technology that supports the Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine-to-Machine (M2M) applications. It provides a comprehensive communication range, low power consumption, and low cost, enabling remote connectivity for IoT devices.
In recent years, LoRa has attracted the attention of companies and organizations worldwide. Some essential news and trends in the field of LoRa are [16]: LoRa network deployments: Telecom operators and technology companies are deploying LoRa networks in many countries worldwide. This has made LoRa a popular lo communication technology supported in many areas. Application in various industries: LoRa is being applied in several industrial sectors such as environmental monitoring, smart agriculture, energy management, asset management and traffic monitoring.
This technology offers a flexible and cost-effective solution for collecting data from IoT devices in different environments. Standardization and collaboration: Standardization organizations like the LoRa Alliance are working to ensure compatibility and global development of LoRa. Collaboration between companies, service providers, and governments is also being pursued to harness the potential of LoRa. Competition with other technologies: LoRa is one of many technologies in the IoT field.
Other technologies, such as NB-IoT (Narrowband IoT), are also developing and competing with LoRa. The choice of technology will depend on the specific requirements of each application and deployment location. Domestic situation of LoRa’s development The development of LoRa (Long Range) technology in Vietnam has shown significant progress in recent years and continues to attract the interest of businesses, organizations, and the loT community. LoRa is a wireless communication technology suitable for loT and M2M applications, offering long-range connectivity, low power consumption, and cost-effectiveness [17].
The deployment of LoRa networks in Vietnam started in major cities such as Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, and Da Nang [17]. Telecom operators and technology companies have invested in building LoRa infrastructure and deploying base stations and gateways to create an extensive LoRa network coverage in the area. LoRa applications in Vietnam have diversified across various industries. For instance, in smart agriculture, monitoring soil moisture, temperature, air humidity, and other environmental parameters, providing farmers and agricultural managers with valuable information to optimize cultivation and water management [16].
Participation in the LoRa Alliance, an international organization promoting LoRa technology, has significantly developed LoRa in Vietnam [17]. The LoRa Alliance members, including manufacturers, service providers, and other partners, collaborate to establish standards, enhance compatibility, and drive global advancements in LoRa technology. Vietnam's involvement and contribution to this community have facilitated support and knowledge exchange to develop LoRa within the country further. However, the LoRa landscape in Vietnam is still in the developmental stage and may have yet to reach all regions and scales.
Building LoRa infrastructure and implementing applications require investments and efforts from businesses and organizations. Government support and a favorable business environment for LoRa projects are crucial in fostering the technology's development in Vietnam. With potential expansion and growth, Vietnam is expected to continue driving and utilizing LoRa technology in IoT and M2M applications. Vietnam companies and organizations will continue researching, developing, and deploying LoRa in a intelligent and efficient ways to meet market demands and benefit the community.
Topic’s goal - Capable of positioning via GPS and measuring signal strength between end- node devices and outdoor Gateway RAK7240 - Compact device: 5cm x 10cm, simple to use. - The device can connect within 3km, in an obstacles-free area and [km in an urban area.