ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIÁ TP HỒ CHÍ MINH - TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI VÀ NHÂN VĂN 2 Neti pure E | iene Ann aime Tye Hann KHOA NGU VAN ANH © Tap 1 Nguyén Viét Thu PanericaL ENGLISH Grama Textbook 1 ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA TP HỒ CHI MINH TRUONG ĐẠI HỌC. KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI VÀ NHÂN VĂN Ngí phúp HN e Tienes Ann eT eer NHÀ XUẤT BẢN ĐẠI HỌC QUOC GIA TP HO CHi MINH ĐẠI HỌC QUOC GIA TP HO CHi MINH TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI VÀ NHÂN VĂN LA Giáo trình NGO PHAP TIENG ANH THYC HANH “Tập 1 | Practical English Grammar Textbook 1 Hguyén Vist Thu nee ee an TH VIÊN B2 “27 NV TP.HD củ VI ss AV 6503. NHÀ XUẤT BẢN ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA TP HO CHi MINH - 2003 LOI NOI DAU Để đáp ứng nhu cầu nâng cao hiệu quả giảng dạy môn ngữ pháp tiếng Anh thực hành cho sinh viên năm thứ nhất của Khoa Ngữ văn Anh, và được sự khích lệ, tạo điều kiện của Khoa, chúng tôi đã quyết định soạn lại giáo trình Ngữ pháp tiếng Anh thực hành (cuốn 1) nhằm cập nhật những kiến thức về ngữ pháp tiéng Anh hiện đại. Định hướng biên soạn giáo trình này dựa trên các tiêu chí: - - Những cấu trúc ngữ pháp được thể hiện qua những dạng thức ngữ pháp cơ bản và được kết hợp chặt chẽ với cách dùng trong tiếng Anh chuẩn ngày nay; " Nghĩa của từ thay đổi tùy thuộc vào hành vi ngữ pháp của nó trong câu; - _ Trọng tâm được đặt vào nghĩa ngữ cảnh và nghĩa này quyết định sự lựa chọn các quy tắc ngữ pháp phù hợp.
| Về mặt lý thuyết, chúng tôi chủ yếu dựa vào cách tiếp cận của các nhà ngữ pháp học như John EastWood, Leo Jones, Penny Ur, L. Chúng tôi cố gắng bố trí cdc phan trong cuốn sách cho phù hợp với phương pháp giảng dạy giao tiếp, đặc biệt để phục vụ cho hai môn nói và viết, nhưng vì thời gian có hạn, chắc chắn sẽ còn nhiều thiếu sót. Chúng tôi mong nhận được nhiều ý kiến đóng góp của bạn đọc để giáo trình ngày càng hoàn thiện hơn. Ý kiến đóng góp xin gửi vê: Hội đồng Khoa học.
và Đào tạo Khoa Ngữ văn Anh, Trường Đại học Khoa học Xã hội và Nhân văn - Đại học Quốc gia Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, 10-12 Định Tiên Hoàng, Q. Nguyễn Việt Thu CONTENTS Unit 1: BASIC SENTENCE PATTERNS .--- 7 Unit 2: SENTENCE TYPES. LH 10 Unit 3: GRAMMATICAL FORMS.2- 2212222222252 39 ‘Unit 4: NOUNS oo. csccsssssssssesssnesssneinetesssetstvetnetnseessentnesetesce 41 Unit 5: ARTICLES .occccccsccsssssssssssssssssssesssssssssssssssscsnssssnsessansesensse 72 Unit 6: ADJECTIVES.5111--ece 94 Unit 7: PRONOUN&S.
120 Unit 1 BASIC SENTENCE PATTERNS 1. Subject + Vi The moon rose. The sun was Shining. Subject + Vt + Object You did not answer my question.
He cut his finger (himself). Note: The object may be expressed by a pronoun, a noun phrase, a clause, a to-infinitive, a gerund. Please describe carefully what you saw. I forgot to post your letters.
Subject + Vt + Indirect Object + Direct Object I bought you a book. He gave the teacher a pen. Note: The direct object must be a noun phrase. Subject + Vt + Direct Object + to / for + Indirect Object ) I bought it for you.
- He gave a pen to the teacher. The choice between the two patterns depends on what information is new. The new information goes at the end of the sentence. Compare: He left his children five million pounds.
(The amount of money is the point of interest) He left all his money to a dog’s home. (Who receives the money is the point of interest) Some verbs go with to and some with for. ¡' With to: award, bring, feed, give, grant, hand, leave (in a will), lend, offer, Ẹ owe, pass, pay, post, promise, read, sell, send, show, take, teach, tell, throw,. With for: bring, buy, cook, fetch, find, get, keep, leave, make, order, pick, reserve, save, spare.
Note«- (1) For meaning ‘to help someone’ can go with very many verbs. I’m writing a letter for my sister. (She can’t write.) (2) With deliver, describe, explain, say, dictate, introduce, etc. to + Indirect Object is required (even when the indirect object comes before the direct): She explained the patterns to me.
She explained to me the patterns. (3) Read, write, sing can be used with to + Indirect Object without - the direct:. I am writing to a friend of mine. 4, Subject + Vt + Object + Object Complement I consider him a good friend.
They called the matter an important issue. Note: (1) The object may be a pronoun, a noun phrase, a clause. _ I consider what he said unimportant. (2) The object complement may be a noun phrase, an adjective, a past participle, a present participle, a to-infinitive, a bare infinitive, a clause.
I want this work finished quickly. Subject + VI + Subject Complement He became president. They were students. Note: The subject complement may be a noun, a pronoun, an _ adjective, an adverb or prepositional phrase (often equivalent to an adjective) a gerund, a clause, a numeral, an infinitive.
- That book is mine. They looked tired. The war is over. Is he in love? Seeing is believing.
This is what I’m looking for. She is twenty. To know all is to forgive alt: EXERCISES Give the basic sentence patterns of the following sentences. Henry brought his mother some flowers.
Uncle Jim considered him a fool. 0M The leading lady was excellent. The brave deserved the reward. Db That sounds too strange.
DA He is believed to be a great authority on the subject. Where to get the money was a problem. eI Reading for the examination took most of his time. To see is to believe.
Š Today is Thursday. “But” is not always a conjunction. mm Cc Who is it? mm wN. It is raining cats and dogs.
mm It was foolish to say so. It is a matter of vital importance for me to know the truth. It is no use trying to convince him. It is unlikely that he will tell you the truth.
One would certainly think it wrong. They say the third time is always lucky. We intend to discuss it in chapter V. Unit 2 SENTENCE TYPES I.
Affirmative: He took a photo b. Negative: He didn't take a photo. Note: A negative thought can also be expressed by: + negative adverb: never, hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely, seldom. - ‘I'll never forget it.
I'll hardly know him. I scarcely know what to do. + the verb fail: He failed to come to the meeting. + other expressions: - no, none, no one, nobody, nothing, no longer, neither, nor.
- few, little, instead of, rather than, without. They should build houses instead of office blocks. I drink tea rather than coffee. + emphatic negative: There was nowhere at all to park.
There was absolutely nowhere to park. The people seem to have no hope whatsoever. I’m not in the least tired. Use The basic use of a statement is to give information, to make an offer or a suggestion and some other uses.
I'll video the programme for you (offering) We can watch it together (making suggestions) 10 You're doing the right thing (expressing approval) It was bad luck you didn’t pass the exam (expressing sympathy) I'm very grateful (thanking someone) I need to know your plans (asking for information) I want you to try harder/You must try harder (giving orders) ll.- No questions: A Yes - No question can be answered yes or no. Do you sell rail tickets? — Yes, we do. Will you need to change? — No, it’s a direct service./I don 1 think so. Wh-questions: A Wh-question begins with a question word.
A question word can be subject, object, complement, or adverbial. [Wh-subject] 2 _ Who is your teacher? Who teaches you English? Which book is yours? Whose dog bit the postman? [Wh-object] ? What is she fond of? _ What did you say? ` Which music is she fond of? Which question did you answer? [Wh-subject complement] ? Who is he? [Wh- adverbial] ? Where / when / how / why 11 Where are you sending him? When was she sick? How did you come here? Why did you say that? Note: How + adjective? (how = to what degree?) _ How high is the building? 2, Question words có a. Whom is formal and old- fashioned, who. is more common in everyday speech.
Which can come before one/ones or before an of-phrase. Which ones do you want? Which of these postcards shall we send to her? c. Who always refers to people. Which can refer to people or to something not human.
What refers mostly to something not human, but it can refer to people when it comes before a noun. Human Non-human Who is your maths teacher? Which supermarket is cheapest? Which teacher do you have? —_ What book are you reading? What idiot wrote this? What do you do in the evening? d. There is a difference in meaning between what and which. We use what when there is an indefinite (and often large) number of possible answers.
We use which when there is a definite (and often small) number of possible answers. What relates to the indefinite word a, and which to the definite word the. - (a sporÐ (Tennis, or golf, or football, or. How can express means or manner.
How do you open this bottle? (you open this bottle somehow). How did they behave? We also use how as an adjective or adverb in friendly enquiries about someone’s well-being, enjoyment or progress. How are you? — Fine, thanks. How did you like the party? — Oh, it was great.
How are you getting on at college? — Fine, thanks.like? asks about quality and asks if something is good or bad, interesting or boring, etc. How was the party? / What was the party like? — Oh, we had a great time. But compare: How’s your brother? — Oh, he’s fine, thanks. What's your brother like? — Well, he’s much quieter than I am.
Note: (1) What does your brother look like? — He’s taller than me, and he’s got dark hair. for? = why What are they digging the road up for? (3) We use what about/how about to draw attention to something or to make a suggestion. What about/How about all this rubbish? Who's going to take it away? What about/How about some lunch? — Good idea. a7 (4) How come = why? (informal) with no inversion.
5* 2 dae Wi Thợ How come all these papers have been left here?. We can emphasize the question by using on earth or ever. The emphasis often expresses surprise. What on earth will tomorrow bring? What ever can the matter be? How ever did you manage to find us? 3.
Yes/no short answer We often add relevant information or comment after a simple yes or no or after the short answer Were you late? — Yes, (I was,) I missed the bus. Did he find his wallet? — No, (he didn’t,) unfortunately. In some contexts yes/no or a short answer on its own can sound abrupt and not very polite. We can sometimes use another phrase instead of yes or no.
° Were you late? — I’m afraid I was./Of course I wasn't. We can also use a short answer to agree or disagree with a statement. Agreeing: These shirts are nice. — Yes, they are.
The weather doesn’t look very good. — No, it doesn’t.