DANG NGOC QUANG (Chief author) - DAO THI BICH DIEP NGUYEN HIEN - DUONG QUOC HOAN - HOANG VAN HUNG BASIC ENGLISH ror CHEMISTS UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION PUBLISHING HOUSE ĐẶNG NGỌC QUANG (Chủ biên) - ĐÀO THỊ BÍCH DIỆP NGUYỄN HIỂN - DƯƠNG QUỐC HOÀN - HOÀNG VĂN HÙNG ne 7 BASIC ENGLISH FOR CHEMISTS NHÀ XUẤT BẢN ĐẠI HỌC SƯ PHẠM GONG, UNIVERSITY OF EB EDUCATION PUBLISHING HOUSE BASIC ENGLISH FOR CHEMISTS Đặng Ngọc Quang (Chủ biên) - Đào Thị Bích Diệp - Nguyễn Hiển - Dương Quốc Hoàn - Hoàng Văn Hùng The book was published under the direction of the Hanoi National University of Education for training purposes. Copyright by the University of Education Publishing House. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under Vietnam Publication Law 2012, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the University of Education Publishing House.
We look forward to receiving readers’ comments to make the book more completely. Any comments on books, drafts, copyright services, and all requiries please send to: kehoach@nxbdhsp.vn ISBN 978-604-54-3785-8 CONTENT Page LỐI RN BOAkyiiesniindeeeoeeesndnai là00206110/06212021680102 5E Unit 1. MATTER AND CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER. Reading comprehension Ul.ELEMENTS AND THE PERIODIC TABLE.Reading comprehension 19 II.
Reading comprehension ll. Further reading Unit 4.ssscscsssessesscscencsccnenssseensncscsssneccsessenenencssscssssscsesesesenesesesesecesesees O2 |, Reading comprehension 62 II. HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES |. Reading comprehension II.
EQUILIBRIUM FOR CHEMICAL REACTIONS. Reading comprehension Il. Further reading Unit 10. ACIDS AND BASES.
Reading comprehension II. Further reading Unit 11. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ATMOSPHERE |. Further reading Unit 12.
METHODOLOGY IN TEACHING CHEMISTRY I. Further reading REFERENCES. §dsiyinssdgseänisisislsasaesinskiadddssdesssesrsse TT APPENDIX. sensonensesesee mạ ca 182 LOINOI DAU Quyết định số 1400/QĐ-TTg ngày 30/9/2008 của Thủ tướng Chính phủ phê duyệt Đề án “Dạy và học ngoại ngữ trong hệ thống giáo dục quốc dân, giai đoạn 2008 — 2020” quy định Đề án thực hiện 7 nhiệm vụ quan trọng.
Trong đó, nhiệm vu 1 nêu rõ “@y định môn ngoại ngữ được dạy và học trong các cơ sở giáo dục thuộc hệ thống giáo dục quốc dân là /iếng Anh và một số ngôn ngữ khác”. Mặt khác, Nghị quyết số 29-NQ/TW “về đổi mới căn bản, toàn điện giáo dục và đào tạo, đáp ứng yêu cầu công nghiệp hoá, hiện đại hoá trong điều kiện kinh tế thị trường định hướng xã hội chủ nghĩa và hội nhập quốc tế” đã chỉ rõ nhiệm vụ đổi mới căn bản và toàn diện nền giáo dục Việt Nam theo hướng hội nhập quốc tế. Để đáp ứng được những nhiệm vụ quan trọng trên, việc phổ cập và nâng cao trình độ tiếng Anh, đặc biệt là khả năng sử dụng tiếng Anh trong các ngành khoa học, trong đó có ngành Hoá học cho học sinh, sinh viên và giáo viên đã trở thành một nhu cầu cấp bách. Giáo trình Basic English for Chemists được biên soạn trên cơ sở bài giảng của các giảng viên khoa Hoá học Trường Đại học Sư phạm Hà Nội sau nhiều năm giảng dạy cho sinh viên của khoa Hoá học.
Nội dung cuốn sách được chia thành 12 bài, bao gồm các kiến thức, vấn đề cơ bản của hoá học cũng như một số chuyên ngành chính của hoá học. Mỗi bài được chia thành các phần đọc hiểu, trả lời câu hỏi, dịch xuôi, dịch ngược, một số ngữ pháp quan trọng và bài đọc thêm. Đặc biệt các bài đều có phần phiên âm và giải thích nghĩa của các từ tiếng Anh chuyên ngành bằng cả tiếng Anh và tiếng Việt. Ở cuối giáo trình là các hình vẽ kèm theo tên của một số dụng cụ phổ biến trong phòng thí nghiệm.
Cuốn sách chắc chắn không tránh khỏi những thiếu sót. Chúng tôi mong nhận được các ý kiến góp ý của bạn đọc. MATTER AND CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER |. Reading comprehension Matter is anything that occupies space and displays a property known as mass.
All the objects that we see around us are objects of matter. The gases of the atmosphere, even though they are invisible, are examples of matter since they occupy space and possess mass. Matter is classified into two broad categories, namely, pure substances and mixtures. A pure substance can be either an element or a compound.
An element is the simplest matter which contains one type of atom. An element is either discovered in nature or synthesized in laboratory in a pure form that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical methods. Currently, there are about 118 elements discovered. Elements are made up of tiny particles called atoms.
Atoms are the smallest particles of an element that have the chemical properties of that element. The atoms of one element are not the same as the atoms of another. Most of the elements exist as monoatomic forms. This means that the smallest individual complete parts of these samples of pure elements are single atoms.
Seven of the known elements are called diatomic elements, because they are found in nature in their elemental form as two-atom molecules such as chlorine (Clz), oxygen (O2), nitrogen (Nz). A compound is a substance formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded together. In some cases, we can isolate a molecule of a compound. A molecule is the smallest entity having the same proportions of the constituent atoms as does the compound as a whole.
A molecule of water consists of three atoms — two hydrogen atoms joined to a single oxygen atom. The components of a compound are in a definite ratio, which is fixed by nature. We cannot change this ratio, no matter who does it. For example, water is made up of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms.
Compounds are formed by chemical reactions, where the individual elements lose their individual properties and take on the new properties of the compound that is formed. Compounds can be separated into elements using chemical methods but not the physical methods. A mixture is a physical combination of two or more substances where the substances retain their original identity. The most important aspect of a mixture is that it has no definite or constant composition.
Mixtures can be separated into pure substances by physical methods. For example, distillation is a technique to separate mixtures. A mixture is further classified as cither homogeneous or heterogeneous based on its uniformity. A homogeneous mixture is one in which its constituents are uniformly mixed throughout.
A homogeneous mixture in which one substance, the solute, dissolves completely in another substance, the solvent, may also be called a solution. A heterogeneous mixture is a non-uniform mixture in which the components separate and the composition varies. Usually, heterogeneous mixtures can be separated through physical processes. An example of a physical process used is filtration, which can easily separate the sand from the water in a sand-water mixture by using a filter paper.
Vocabulary Atom (n), /ztam/, the basic unit of a chemical element. Classify (v), /‘klestfat/, to divide things into groups according to their type. Combination (n), /,kombr'nerfn/, the chemical reaction of two or more compounds, usually to form one other compound./ Sir két hop. Component (n), /kam'ponant/, a part that combines with other parts to form something bigger.
Composition (n), /,kompo'zifn/, the parts, substances, etc. that something is made of. Compound (n), /‘kompaund/, a substance that is made up of two or more chemically bonded elements. Diatomie (adj), /,dara'tomik/, having two atoms in the molecule./ Hai nguyên tử.
Element (n), /‘elimont/, a substance that consists of atoms of only one type. Heterogeneous (adj), /,hetarau'dgi:nras/, involving substance in different phases. Homogencous (adj), /,hauma' dgi:nias/, involving substance in the same phases. Matter (n), /‘meetor/, anything that takes up space and has mass.
Mixture (n), /‘mikstfar/, thing made by mixing various substances together. Molecule (n), /‘mvlikju:I/, the simplest unit of a chemical substance, usually a group of two or more atoms. Monoatomic (adj), /,mpnova'tomik/, consisting of one atom./ Don nguyên tử. , Property (n), /‘propoti/, a special quality or characteristic of something.
Proportion (n), /pra‘po:fn/, an amount that is a part of a whole. Pure (adj), /pjoa/, not mixed with anything else. Solution (n), /sa'lu:Jn/, a liquid in which a substance has been dissolved, so that the substance has become part of the liquid. Substance (n), /'sabstons/, a sample of matter that cannot be separated into simpler components without chemical change.
Uniform (adj), /‘ju:nt,fo:m/, always the same in form, manner, appearance, or degree throughout over time. What is matter? 4. What at i is the difference i between an element and a compound? mixtures? 1. True (T) or false (F) or not mentioned (N) statements Write “True” (T) or “False” (F) or “not mentioned” (N) beside each statement according to the information from the text.
No Ans Statements 1 A substance is a type of matter that has a consistent composition. 2 Elements are substances that are made up of two or more elements chemically combined. 10 No Ans Statements Whereas a compound is made from the chemical 3 combination of two or more substances, a mixture is made from two or more substances that are physically combined. 4 Heterogeneous mixtures are mixtures that have a uniform composition throughout the entire sample.
5 Unlike in the example of compounds, the substances that make up a mixture do not lose their individual properties. 6 The substances in a mixture can be separated by physical means. When a compound is formed, altogether a new substance is 7 formed and the properties of which are similar to its constituent elements. All mixtures have variable composition.
It means that the 8. substances that are found in the mixture can be mixed with various proportions or concentrations. , Chemical reactions can break more complex substances 9 down into elements, but elements can only be broken down further by nuclear reactions. Oxygen is a substance because it has a consistent 10 composition and it is an element because it is only made up of one type of atom.
Fill in each blank with the suitable word Sulfuric acid is a heavy colorless (l). which forms a constant boiling solution containing 98.33 percent sulfuric acid. The boiling point of such a solution is 388°C. Such an acid dissociates, when heated, yielding sulfur trioxide and water.
One has to take into account that sulfuric acid has a great affinity for (2). » with which it unites with the great evolution of heat. For this reason, the acid when it is to be diluted with water must always be poured gradually into an excess of water. One should not proceed in the reverse manner, i., to pour water into the acid, 11 ể Novis Pjysas ( Go heli ith Cy OVE A Zieg a below used for the great amount of heat suddenly liberated is certain to lead to explosions throwing the acid out of the container.
On the other hand, this affinity for water makes sulfuric acid one of the best drying (3). for gases it does not react chemically with. If dilute, its aqueous (4). reacts with metals above O)iseatee Ronee, in the electrochemical series to liberate hydrogen, but a concentrated solution reacts as an (6).
agent with many metals both above and (7). hydrogen forming sulfates and usually liberating sulfur dioxide. It should be noted, however, that some metals, lead, for example, dissolve more readily in concentrated acid than in dilute, because their sulfates are more soluble in solutions containing higher concentrations of acids. Concentrated acid is an active oxidizing agent when heated.
Sulfuric acid is more extensively (8). in industry than any other manufactured compounds. It is, by far, the most-widely used acid. of sulfuric acid are consumed in industry, the largest being used in the (10).
of fertilizers and in refining petroleum.