Đề Xuất Cải Cách Trách Nhiệm Nhà Nước Về Bồi Thường Trong Quá Trình Phát Triển Của Việt Nam

Khám phá các đề xuất cải cách trách nhiệm bồi thường nhà nước, góp phần phát triển hệ thống pháp lý tại Việt Nam hiệu quả và công bằng.

• Tác giả: Nguyễn Minh Oanh
• Người hướng dẫn: Professor Neil Andrews
• Trường học: Hanoi Law University
• Chuyên ngành: Civil Law
• Đề tài: State Liability for Compensation in the Development of Vietnam: Proposals for Further Reform
• Loại tài liệu: thesis
• Năm xuất bản: 2014
• Địa điểm: Hanoi

Mục lục chi tiết

• 1. CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
• 1.1. Context of the Project
• 2. CHAPTER TWO: OVERVIEW OF STATE LIABILITY FOR COMPENSATION
• 2.1. The Vietnamese Political System
• 2.2. The legal system. State liability in legal history
• 2.2.1. Period from 1945 to 1986
• 2.2.2. Period from 1986 to 2009
• 2.2.3. Period from 2009 to present
• 2.3. Theories of State liability. Nature and significance of state liability
• 3. CHAPTER THREE: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE SCL - THE NECESSITY FOR ITS FURTHER REFORM
• 3.1. The progressive aspects of the SCL
• 3.2. The limitations of the SCL which are inconsistent with its overall goals
• 3.2.1. The scope of liability for compensation is limited and inconsistent with the Constitution and Civil Code
• 3.2.2. The grounds for state compensation liability limit claimants in enforcing their rights
• 3.2.3. The method of calculating damages is unclear
• 3.2.4. The responsibility of the officials
• 4. CHAPTER FOUR: THE PROCEDURES FOR CLAIMING COMPENSATION - A COMPLEX AND INEFFECTIVE PROCESS
• 4.1. Vietnamese Compensation Procedure
• 4.2. Procedures for claiming compensation
• 4.3. Compensation funds and payment procedures
• 4.4. Evaluation of the Compensation procedures
• 4.5. The agencies which are liable to pay compensation
• 4.6. Agencies which resolve compensation claims
• 4.7. The relevant State agency
• 4.8. The People’s Court
• 4.9. Time limitations on claims
• 5. CHAPTER FIVE: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SCL - ACHIEVEMENTS AND FAILINGS AND THEIR CAUSES
• 5.1. Achievements obtained in implementation of the SCL
• 5.2. Building professional institutions to administrate the Law
• 5.3. Publicising of and education about the Law
• 5.4. Training in the skills for settling state compensation claims
• 5.5. Achievements of compensation settlement
• 5.6. Limitations in the enforcement of the SCL
• 5.6.1. Claimants face difficulties in making claims
• 5.6.2. The difficulty of determining and calculating damage
• 5.6.3. The limited amount of compensation
• 5.6.4. Challenges in determining the agency liable for compensation
• 5.6.5. Ineffectiveness of the compulsory negotiations
• 5.6.6. Delays in the settlement of compensation claims
• 5.6.7. Difficulties and delays in enforcement of judgments
• 5.7. Causes of ineffectiveness
• 5.8. The shortcomings of the SCL and secondary legislation
• 5.8.1. Inadequate publication of and education about the SCL
• 5.8.2. The limited capabilities of state officials and judges
• 5.8.3. The influence of the legal culture
• 6. CHAPTER SIX: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE - STATE LIABILITY FOR COMPENSATION IN CHINESE LAW
• 6.1. Justification for the comparison
• 6.2. Similarities between Vietnamese and Chinese SCL
• 6.2.1. The background to state liability
• 6.2.2. Recognising state liability
• 6.2.3. Limitation in listing the wrongful actions
• 6.2.4. Compensation for both mental and physical loss
• 6.2.5. The agency liable for compensation
• 6.2.6. The personal liability of the officials
• 6.2.7. Time limitations for claiming compensation
• 6.3. Differences from Vietnamese SCL and Chinese SCL
• 6.4. Provision to Chinese law
• 6.5. Grounds for state liability
• 6.6. Determining and calculating the damage
• 7. CHAPTER SEVEN: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
• 7.1. Conclusions on research questions
• 7.2. Academic contribution
• 7.3. Limitations of the research
• 7.4. Suggestions for the future research

Tóm tắt

I. Cải Cách Trách Nhiệm Nhà Nước

Cải cách trách nhiệm nhà nước là một yếu tố quan trọng trong quá trình phát triển của Việt Nam. Nghiên cứu này tập trung vào việc đánh giá Luật Trách nhiệm Bồi thường Nhà nước (SCL) năm 2009, nhằm bảo vệ quyền con người và thúc đẩy sự phát triển của một nhà nước pháp quyền. Cải cách bồi thường được xem là một bước tiến lớn trong việc hoàn thiện hệ thống pháp luật, đặc biệt trong bối cảnh phát triển kinh tế Việt Nam và quản lý nhà nước.

1.1. Bối cảnh và tầm quan trọng

Trách nhiệm nhà nước trong việc bồi thường đã trở thành một chủ đề quan trọng trong quá trình cải cách hành chính và phát triển bền vững. Nghiên cứu chỉ ra rằng, mặc dù SCL đã có những tiến bộ đáng kể, nhưng vẫn còn nhiều hạn chế cần được cải thiện. Chính sách bồi thường hiện tại chưa đáp ứng được yêu cầu thực tiễn, đặc biệt trong việc xác định mức bồi thường và thủ tục khiếu nại.

1.2. Thách thức và giải pháp

Một trong những thách thức lớn nhất là việc quy định bồi thường chưa rõ ràng, dẫn đến khó khăn trong việc áp dụng. Nghiên cứu đề xuất cần có sự cải cách mạnh mẽ hơn trong quản lý tài nguyên và phát triển hạ tầng để đảm bảo tính hiệu quả của SCL. Đầu tư công cũng cần được tăng cường để hỗ trợ quá trình này.

II. Phát Triển Kinh Tế và Xã Hội

Phát triển kinh tế Việt Nam và phát triển xã hội là hai yếu tố không thể tách rời trong quá trình cải cách. Nghiên cứu nhấn mạnh rằng, tăng trưởng kinh tế cần đi đôi với việc bảo vệ quyền lợi của người dân. Trách nhiệm nhà nước trong việc bồi thường là một phần không thể thiếu trong chiến lược phát triển toàn diện.

2.1. Tác động của SCL đến phát triển

SCL đã có những đóng góp tích cực trong việc thúc đẩy phát triển bền vững và quản lý nhà nước. Tuy nhiên, việc thực thi luật này vẫn còn nhiều bất cập, đặc biệt là trong việc xác định trách nhiệm và mức bồi thường. Cải cách bồi thường cần được thực hiện đồng bộ với các chính sách phát triển khác.

2.2. So sánh với mô hình Trung Quốc

Nghiên cứu cũng so sánh SCL của Việt Nam với mô hình trách nhiệm nhà nước của Trung Quốc. Mặc dù có nhiều điểm tương đồng, nhưng Việt Nam cần học hỏi thêm từ kinh nghiệm của Trung Quốc trong việc cải thiện hiệu quả của chính sách bồi thường và quản lý tài nguyên.

III. Đề Xuất Cải Cách

Nghiên cứu đưa ra các đề xuất cải cách cụ thể để nâng cao hiệu quả của SCL. Cải cách trách nhiệm nhà nước cần được thực hiện một cách toàn diện, từ việc hoàn thiện quy định bồi thường đến cải thiện quản lý nhà nước và phát triển hạ tầng.

3.1. Hoàn thiện quy định bồi thường

Một trong những đề xuất quan trọng là cần làm rõ quy định bồi thường để đảm bảo tính minh bạch và công bằng. Cải cách bồi thường cần tập trung vào việc xác định mức bồi thường phù hợp với thiệt hại thực tế, đồng thời đơn giản hóa thủ tục khiếu nại.

3.2. Tăng cường quản lý nhà nước

Quản lý nhà nước cần được cải thiện để đảm bảo việc thực thi SCL một cách hiệu quả. Đầu tư công cần được tăng cường để hỗ trợ quá trình này, đặc biệt là trong việc xây dựng phát triển hạ tầng và quản lý tài nguyên.

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

STATE LIABILITY FOR COMPENSATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF VIETNAM PROPOSALS FOR FURTHER REFORM Dr Nguyễn Minh Oanh STATE LIABILITY FOR COMPENSATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF VIETNAM PROPOSALS FOR FURTHER REFORM TRUNG TAM THONG TIN THU V¡Ê TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC LUẬT + PHÒNG ĐỌC THẾ GIỚI PUBLISHERS Table of Contents pC UC) ee ix LÝ4 41s (0 In. xii Table of Abbreviations. 2n tre XV Chapter carves at Ct O0T :-. Context Of so am.

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cv Tnhh HH tr 52 2. The legal syS†€erm. State liability in legal histOry.St HH HH1 key 59 2A YF, Perrier De re Ï ĐÁ,.-sandĩicugissoig3Gi64S-DSHH4 G/RDD1000004:G0000105860E04 59 2. Period from 1945 to 1986 uo.

Period from 1986 to 2009.- - Set stSetH ng rưet 65 2. Period from 2009 to PLOSONE. Theories of State liability. Nature and significance of state liability.

Nature of state liability for compensatiOn. Significance Of the SCL in Vietnam.scc<cs<ccxsc<csecree 88 ed4 GY Re seoeeraemz emesis exes semester REGEN SRN RNR EN 91 Chapter three: A critical review of the SCL - The necessity for its further refOrm.cctshheHeHgreree 92 ENHIAI 9e 0a on 6. The progressive aspects Of the SCL. The limitations of the SCL which are inconsistent its overall goals.

The scope ofliability for compensation is limited and inconsistent with the Constitution and Civil Code. The grounds for state compensation liability limit claimants ¡n enforcingq their TIGNES. The method ofcalculating damages is unclear 21401s12is12)(e/507151:-0000n0n0n88Ẻẻn. The responsibility of the OfÍicCiÌS.

c5 svsvcsveereeierrrerree 127 E63 lon ố ốố ố ẽ. 131 Chapter four: The procedures for claiming compensation - a complex and ineffective DroCeSS. Vietnamese Compensation Procedure. Obtaining A valid documen(.

«se se xssvsccetsrsersrsrrsrseree 133 4. Procedures for claiming compensdfiOn. Compensation funds and payment procedures. Evaluation of the Compensation procedures.

The agencies which are liable to pay compensation. Agencies which resolve COMPENSATION claims. The relevant State AGONCY o. The People’s COUPE w.

Time LIMITATIONS on CLAIMS oe eceeceecesesessesesecsestseesesenenceceserecsesenerataeaescenenes 162 ALF. CARI C UIST reserennnrbthtontiittiaeSEE8L. 090003 wR EA 167 vl Chapter five: Implementation of the SCL - Achievements and failing and their CaUS©S. Ăn SH ec 168 Pa (2° 0a 3+4.

Achievements obtained in implementation of the SCL. Secondary legislation guiding the implementation KIẾ CEE [LG cance cece ccc ie dh i AR SR 169 5. Building professional institutions to administrate the Law. Publicising of and education about the LawW.

Training in the skills for settling state compensation claims. Achievements of compensation Settle MeN. Limitations in the enforcement of the SCL. Claimants face difficulties in MAKING CLAIMS.

The difficulty of determining and calculating damage. The limited amount ofcompensaftion. Challenges in determining the agency liable for compensation. ineffectiveness of the Compulsory neqotiations.

Delays in the settlement of compensation claims. Difficulties and delays in enforcement of judqmenits. Causes Of ineffeCtiVeFISS. HH HH1 kh 207 5.

The shortcomings of the SCL and secondary legislation. Inadequate publication of and education about the SCL. The limited capabilities of state officials and judqges. The inflaence ofthe legal GUỈUTE,.«eearnniidanoianinasdtraninaaaneoeaa 217 BS, [FLEETYMICNE AE VE huennnanuasnunsnonttotifrooanituB800nGIỂNOsiNSGBISSRGSENGUSGENSG0isEfnnurniuml 220 6a on ốẽ.

224 Chapter six: A comparative perspective - state liability for compensation in Chinese laW.0gBSE2E00828008888:001i/n5048013/EĐEEE RSET TNS 226 6. Justification for the CompDarÏSOT. HH HH ren 226 6. Similarities between Vietnamese and Chinese SCL.

The background to state liability. RECOGNISING State HADI ty. Limitation in listing the wrongful ACTIONS. Compensation for both mental and physical loss.

The agency liable for compensation. The personal liability of the ofÍiciqÌ$. Time limitations for claiminq compensation. Differences from Vietnamese SCL and Chinese SCL.

Pravision tb@GU† ChONIAIUS oc asniinnnanaaseresasecnmmannans, cnammammnamenes 252 6. Grounds for State HADIIY cece cesses che 254 6. Determining and calculating the damage. 263 Chapter seven: Conclusion and Recommendation.

CONCIUSIONS on research qu©SfÏOPS. ác cà cSt St St v21 1211111324111 41. cá vs ctc2121111211111 1118170 HH, 284 7. Academic contriĐUfIO'I.

se che gio 284 7.c- ccccc+s th rHhrie 286 7. Limitations of the researCH. Suggestions for the future researCh.- cc tt tr xe 289 1211 2. 29] vill Abstract The Law on State Compensation Liability 2009 (SCL) is a turning point in the reform process in Vietnam with its aims of protecting human rights, boosting the development of a state based on the rule of law and a socialist-oriented market economy.

This research critically examines this legislation and the remedies provided under it relating to wrongful decisions or actions by the executive and judicial branches of government and for specific wrongful enforcement activities. Using mixed methodologies the aims of the study are to consider appropriate reforms to improve the SCL and enhance its implementation. The research considers the effectiveness of the SCL and its enforcement. It reviews and analyses theories and policies relating to state liability for wrongful actions.

This establishes a platform for the evaluation of the SCL. It critically investigates SCLs appropriateness. It argues that the SCL has many deficiencies and needs further reform. The research reviews and analyses the procedures under and for the enforcement of, the SCL.

It points out that the procedures and mechanisms for settlement of compensation claims are complex and inappropriate. The enforcement of the SCL is poor and consideration is given lo its improvement. The research also compares the Chinese SCL with that of Vietnam. It examines the similarities and differences in order to draw on Chinese experiences which may be relevant to Vietnam's legal reforms.

Finally, the research makes recommendations to improve the SCL and its enforcement in order to support the Doi moi (innovation) in Vietnam. ix Acknowledgements Much of the research upon which this book is based was conducted in my PhD thesis at Victoria, Australia between 2010 and 2014. To complete the thesis, I owe a great deal to many people and organisations. I would like to thank Hanoi Law University, where I work, and the Government of Vietnam for providing me with the opportunity to study in Australia.

My special thanks go to the College of Law and Justice of Victoria University for their financial support for my extra tuition fees. Without such kind support, I would not have been able to undertake the thesis. I owe a particular debt of gratitude to my principle supervisor, Professor Neil Andrews, for his kind acceptance in supervising my research; for spending a great deal of time, energy and patience in helping me to clarify issues, shape ideas, reading various earlier drafts of my thesis, and giving me insightful comments; for his sympathy and encouragement with my life and financial difficulties. I thank my co-supervisors, Dr James Mc Convill and Mr Brendon Stewart -my former co-supervisor- who kindly read my drafts and gave me useful advice.

The research would never have been completed without their valuable support. My deep gratitude goes to my family: my father who always looked forward to hearing from me during my four years of study; my husband Nguyen Manh Cuong who has been patient and lonely in Vietnam while I was in Australia for my PhD course; my first child Ngan Giang (Ruby) who has given me the courage and made X State liability for Compensation in the Development ofVietnam. me proud of her; my second child Chau Giang (Sydney) - a baby born in Australia who has been living far from me for two and a half years, thereby giving me a strong incentive to finish my challenging work; and my brother and sisters who have constantly encouraged me with their interest in the progress of my studies. My thanks is due to the staff and my friends at the College of Law and Justice for their recognition and friendship.

Deep thanks also go to colleagues in Hanoi Law University, the officials in Department of State Compensation, MOJ especially Mr Lé Thai Phuong, who supported me by providing reports and documents, and gave me the opportunity to attend several conferences when I returned to Vietnam. Also, in writing the thesis, I benefited from the support of my friends and officials from SPC, SPP, NA, MO], lawyers and claimants who participated in my fieldwork. I would like to thank all of them for their contributions to the research, making it comprehen sive and valuable. Special thanks to Hoan, Quyen, Uyen, my close friends in Melbourne, who supported me in editing the research draft.

1am grateful to my friends, colleagues and many other people in Australia and Vietnam who in various ways helped me to complete the research. This book is a special gift to my mother in heaven who devoted her whole life to her tamily. xl Preface I have been teaching Civil law including the law of obligations and civil liability at Hanoi Law University since 2000. The idea for the research emerged in 2003 after the promulgation of Resolution 388.

As I had to teach my students about the liability of the state for wrongful convictions, I had to research and prepare lectures on this issue. Initially, I found that it was difficult to understand even though | spent time and effort on it. Through that research and comparisons made with ordinary civil liability that I was teaching, I found this Resolution had many shortcomings and was very challenging to apply in practice. The topic became more obvious after I had written several papers for the Hanoi Law University Project which aimed to strengthen legal reform processes in Vietnam.

The more I worked on the issues, the more background I obtained and the more interested I became. I have also attended several conferences on the drafting of the law on state liability for compensation. I observed the process of making the law and the debate between state officials. The draft law was reviewed by many state agencies and citizens before being approved by the NA.

After the enactment of the SCL in 2009, I saw that although there had been a relatively long and tidy process of law-making, the previous problems still remained in the new law. Additionally, the longer the law had been in force, the more deficiencies it showed. I also realized that there had been a lack of background in the theories and nature of state liability and the task to promulgate law had impacted on the quantity and XIÌ State liatility for Compensation in the Development of Vietnam. quality of law.

Moreover, I was interested in many cases relating to state liability for compensation which appear every day in the Vietnamese media. I often asked myself why claimants have found it so difficult to claim for compensation. I decided to examine this topic seriously, and commenced my research for my thesis in 2010. At the beginning ofthe research, I thought that the SCL had been established with little if any regard for any basic theories.

I intended to examine a legal theory or transplant research which would be expected to enrich the theory of state liability and transplantation of law in Vietnam. To begin with, I looked at the literature on legal theory and doctrine relating to state liability for compensation as significant issues. It became clear that in legal writings, many writers such as Harlow, Peerenboom, Milhaupt and Pistor conclude that there is no one theory for the linked phenomena and every government promotes economic and legal growth in its own way based on its context.