THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY LƯU HUỲNH ĐỨC Assessing the impact of socioeconomic development on protecting forests and sustainable forest management in Thuong An Commune, Ngan Son District, Bac Kan Province, Viet Nam BACHELOR THESIS Study mode: Full-time Major: K49_Environmental Science and management. Faculty: Advanced Education Program Office Batch: (2017-2021) Thai Nguyen, 19/1/2022 DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name Lưu Huỳnh Đức Student ID DTN1754290005 Assessing the impact of development social-economics on Thesis Title sustainable forest management in Thuong An commune, Ngan Son district, Bac Kan province, Viet Nam Supervisor (s) Asso. Tran Thi Thu Ha Supervisor’s Signature i Abstract: In the late decades, forestry issues become a new main situation of the world. One main of them have been exiting for long time ago, but now it happening as a huge way, it called “deforestation”.
Our humans are cutting down trees, destroying the ecosystem without intention or establishing for rasing economics, making a new society, etc. So the research appeared to ask the question: “Wether is there any impacts of development social-economics effect on foresty areas and sustainable forest management (SFM)? The research was carried out the main case study in Thuong An commune, Ngan Son district, Bac Kan province. In Thuong An commune, six cases study villages were selected. The methodology of this study based on the technique for assessing sustainable forest and forest land management in northern Vietnam was established (Tran, 2007).
The methodology included gathering and analyzing socioeconomic and forest statistics at the province and commune levels, as well as conducting primary research in the case study villages at the family and landscape size. The surveys were collected by asking the local people, head villages in 6 villages of Thuong An commune. Besides, the forest rangers, land use department also were a part of the surveys. The researcher stayed there in Ngan Son districts and went to every village of Thuong An commune about 50km to 60km and chose randomly 3 local people in each village so there were 18 local respondents, 12 head villages and secretary, and 3 local authorities who answered the surveys.
The second data collected on: The documentation: Policies, laws, decisions, planning, and management strategies. The statistics: General conditions: geography (location), natural aspects (land area, forest land, and forest area, agricultural land), socio-economic aspect (cultural, population and growth rate, income). ii Previous studies: results from the author's previous studies were also used for this research. The results gave general information about the development and management of forestry in Thuong An commune the how development social-economics in that area.
The report showed out the traditional policies that exist for a long time and which one does suit, and which one does not suit anymore and suggested some the law and policies that can be better in that area, as well as the feedback and local speak, were also included in the research. On the other hand, the report shows the difficulties while doing the projects and following the policies and regulations in villages. The second data was used to compare the difference between the past and now. Sustainable forest management, social- economics, Ngan Son Keywords: commune, Ngan Son district, Bac Kan province, Community Forest management.
Several pages: 83 pages Date of Submission: iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I want to express my heartfelt gratitude to Advanced Education Program lecturers as well as lecturers at Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, who have provided me with in-depth knowledge not only of my subjects but also of my soft skills, as well as the opportunity to complete my thesis. I want to thank my supervisor, Asso. Tran Thi Thu Ha, for her unquestioning support of my bachelor thesis, as well as her patience, encouragement, passion, and vast expertise. Her advice was invaluable during the research and writing of this thesis.
For my thesis, I could not have asked for a greater adviser and mentor. Besides my advisor, I would like to thank Dr. Truong Thi Anh Tuyet, for her encouragement, insightful comments, and advice for my thesis. My sincere gratitude also goes to Mr.
Hung Pham, Mr. Hung Nguyen, and Mr. Phong for assisting and caring for me while I was surveying Ngan Son. And also Thank you very much to the People's Committee of Thuong An commune for making it possible for me to finish the survey.
Last but not the least, I'd want to convey my gratitude to my family and friends, who have always been there for me. Their encouragement and support were the fuel that propelled me to achievement. Sincerely! Luu Huynh Duc iv TABLE OF CONTENT DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT. iv TABLE OF CONTENT.
v LIST OF FIGURES .viii LIST OF TABLES. ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. Research questions and hypotheses. Significant of research.
Define and History of Forest conservation. History of Forest conservation. Forest conservation in Southeast Asia and Viet Nam. The principles of sustainable forest management.
Relationship between Socio-economic aspect and sustainable forest management. The impact of socio-economics on forest management. Sustainable forest management in South-East Asian countries. Relationship between minority ethnic groups and sustainable forest management.
Overview research area in Bac Kan province. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND CONTENTS. Research data collection. Interview design and process.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. General information of respondents. Education of local people. Main sources of income.
The knowledge of local people on sustainable forest management. The impacts of socio-economics development into forest management. Impacts of policies, regulations, and projects on forest management. Impacts of rules, regulations, and projects into forest management in Ngan Son district.
Local people’s participation in the rules, regulations, and projects. Local concepts for applying into sustainable forest management. Putting up a fence. Coordinate patrolling in groups.
Discussion and approach suggestion for sustainable forest management in local concept. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION. 58 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2. Under the five shared socioeconomic paths (SSPs) (2015–2050), maps depicting geographically allocated predicted forest Cambodia (inset 2), Malaysia (inset 3) and Indonesia (inset 4).2: Forest replacement analyzed commodities 2001-2015.
15 Figure 3: Map of the research area. Product quantities per crop per inhabitant in the research area. The quantities of the industrial products depend on harvest time. The variety of agricultural products and industrial crops in the research area.
Photos of deforestation a and b: burned the forest to grow maize;. 35 c and d: cleared natural plants to grow acacia. 35 viii LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1:Structure of questionnaire for surveying the local people based on the table of open-ended questions for interviewing key informants at the village level, head village, and local government.1: Background of respondents in 6 villages in Thuong An commune .2: The responses of participants in people awareness .3: the awareness of respondents in the reseach area .4: the numbers of respondent in the research area .5: Reasons of socio-economic development impacts on SFM .6: Reasons for deforestation from interviews. 37 ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS GFC The Global Forest Coalition SSPs Shared socio-economic pathways Commercial Smallholder Support Project in Bac Kan and Cao Bang CSSP provinces REDD+: reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations PFES The Payment for Forest Environmental Services VIFORA Vietnam Forest Owner Association GVN The Government of Vietnam USAID The United States Agency for International Development.
SUPSFM Scaling-Up Participatory Sustainable Forest Management Project IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development RDIF Research and Development Institute of Forestry GtCO2 Gigaton of carbon dioxide x PART I. Research rationale Forests are the trees and plants that occupy a third of the earth's surface and are typified by green in most environmentalist concepts (Madaan, 2016). They help drive sustainable development by regulating habitats, preserving biodiversity, playing an important role in the carbon cycle, supporting livelihoods, and regulating ecosystems forests play a dual role in climate change. They contribute to both the origin and the reduction of greenhouse gas pollution.
Deforestation and habitat depletion account for around half of these 5-10 GtCO2e per year and Forests offer products and services worth $75–100 billion a year, such as clean water and fertile soils, which are home to 80% of the world’s terrestrial biodiversity (IUCN, 2017). That is why Forest is always an important role in our life (Madaan, 2016). Vietnam is wooded to the tune of 44.5 percent or 13,797,000 hectares. Primary forest, the most biodiverse and carbon-dense type of forest, accounts for 0.6 percent (about 80,000 hectares) of the total.
There are 3,512,000 hectares of planted forest in Vietnam (Vietnam Forest Information and Data, 2011). Also, according to them, between 1990 and 2010, Vietnam added an average of 221,700 hectares each year, or 2.4 percent of its forest cover or roughly 4,434,000 hectares. Although the forest area increased, during that time, Vietnam's forest heritage has been severely damaged by deforestation. Between 2001 and 2019, 68% of tree cover loss occurred in regions where forest exploitation for economic 1 development was the main driver.
So, we are facing now a status that could happen in the short future in Viet Nam, which is called deforestation by development social economics, especially, in the high upland where have big areas of forestry, need to protect and prevent from human’s factors. Because in high upland the local people seem like lower educated, do not have any or less updated the information related to Viet Nam easy to get seduction from poaching or whatsoever. To understand more about this issue, the research surveyed how people protect the forests and are there any activities that are related to social- economics even directly and indirectly to the natural forests? And Thuong An commune, Ngan Son district, Bac Kan province is the place to do for this research because Bac kan is one of the provinces that have big natural areas in Viet Nam around 274,086.1 ha (Bac Kan Department of Agriculture and Forestry) and there is more 5 mains ethenic’s group living in that place (Tay, Nung, Dao, San Dìu, etc. However, this research did only on Tay and Dao two mains ethenic’s groups in Thuong An commune, the Ngan Son district.
So, this study had shown the relationship between forests and socio-economics by using surveys and the secondary data collected before research that is related to the topic. Research Objective There were three over four main objectives that were aimed for compared to the proposal. Firstly, determine the awareness of people in Bac Kan to the impact of socioeconomics on sustainable forest management and development. Besides, show the people about the benefits of development forests bring to them.
Secondly, shows the general and detailed impact of socio-economic to (SFM) and also be able to show the 2 main factors that form socio-economic impact on (SFM). thirdly, the result of the research will show to the authorities so that they will have a more general look at the socio- economic status and the forest status in that place where they are managers. Fourthly, we showed out the policies and projects that have been used in that place and which one is not suited anymore in those issues and suggested the possible one in this paper. Research questions and hypotheses 1.
Research questions The research appeared to ask the question: “Wether is there any impacts of development social-economics effect on foresty areas and sustainable forest management (SFM)? and the evaluation on them in Thuong An commune, Ngan Son district, Bac Kan province. That question will answer by addressing three subsidiary questions: 1) How do people assess the impacts of socioeconomics effect on sustainable forest management? 2) What policies or projects have been applied in the research area? And are they still suitable now? 3) How do people here adapt to those policies and projects? 1.