THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY NGUYEN THI PHUONG THAO EVALUATION OF LAND – USE EFFICIENCY FOR TOMATOES CULTIVATION AT NATUREZA FARM, MOSHAV IDAN, ARAVA, ISRAEL BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode: Full-time Major: Environmental Science and Management Faculty: International Programs Office Batch: K48 Thai Nguyen, 10th October 2021 DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name NGUYEN THI PHUONG THAO Student ID DTN1654290005 Evaluation of land use efficiency for tomatoes cultivation Thesis Title at the farm Natureza , Moshav Idan, Arava, Israel. Phan Dinh Binh Supervisor’s Signature Abstract: Land is an extremely valuable resource that nature has bestowed on humans. It is not only an object of labor but also an irreplaceable means of production, especially for agricultural production. Land, especially agricultural land, is at risk of being degraded under the impact of nature and humans.
Therefore, based on the evaluation of the efficiency of agricultural land use, thereby selecting effective land use types for rational use from the point of view of ecology and sustainable development is becoming an important issue. Global quality is being concerned by scientists around the world. As we all know, agriculture in Israel is a highly developed industry: Israel is a major exporter of fresh produce and a world leader in agricultural technology despite the fact that Israel's natural conditions are not favored for agriculture. In order to apply and develop Israel's modern agriculture in Vietnam, to meet the demand for high-quality and high-quality agricultural products to serve an increasingly improved life.
After a year of internship program in Israel, I have conducted research on the topic: Evaluation of land use efficiency for tomatoes cultivation at the farm Natureza, Moshav Idan, Arava, Israel. - Land use efficiency - Tomatoes Varieties Keywords: - Natureza Farm - Israel agriculture Number of pages: 62 Date of Submission: 5th November 2021 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The internship program in Israel is a program of great significance in the learning process of each student in order to systematize all the knowledge learned, apply theory to practice, and initially get acquainted with the students with practical scientific knowledge from abroad. Thereby, students will improve their theoretical knowledge, working methods, and working capacity to meet the practical needs of future work. This thesis was completed thanks to the support of the Board of Directors of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Advanced Education Program (AEP), International Training and Development Center (ITC), Training Center International Agriculture (AICAT) and especially Assoc.
Phan Dinh Binh is the direct guide, I have conducted research on the topic ‘‘Evaluation of land use efficiency for tomatoes cultivation at the farm Natureza, Moshav Idan, Arava, Israel.’’ Although I have tried very hard, my graduation thesis cannot avoid shortcomings. I look forward to receiving advice from teachers, suggestions from friends to complete my graduation thesis better. Thank you sincerely! Thai Nguyen, November 1, 2021 Student Nguyễn Thị Phương Thảo TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES. 1 LIST OF TABLES.
2 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. Contents of work. Scientific and practical significance of research. Overview of Israel nation.
Arava area – Southern Israel. Overview of Israel agriculture. Scientific basis of land use efficiency assessment. Characteristics of evaluating the efficiency of agricultural land use.
Perspectives on agricultural land use. Land use type. Basis for assessing types of sustainable land use in agricultural production. Studies in the world and in Vietnam on the assessment of land use efficiency.
In the world. 22 OBJECTS, CONTENT AND RESEARCH METHODS. Object and scope of the study. Research time and place.
Natureza farm overview. Production, processing and consumption of tomatoes at Natureza farm. Evaluation of land use efficiency at Natureza tomato farm. Advantages, disadvantages, lessons learned and suggestions.
Collect primary data. Collect secondary data:. Methods to evaluate the efficiency of agricultural land use:. 26 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.
Natureza farm overview. Technologies used in the farm. General information about tomatoes. Production, processing and consumption of tomatoes at farm Natureza.
Processing and Consumption. Evaluate land use efficiency. Choosing land-use type obtains economics – society – environment efficiency. Sustainable land use type standard.
Application ability in Vietnam. Advantages, Disadvantages, Lessons learned and Suggestion. 51 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. 54 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.
Map of Israel. Map of Arava Central. View of Moshav Idan. Moshav Nahalal in the Jezreel Valley, Israel.
Vietnamese student working at water melon fields. Drip irrigation system at Natureza farm. The chart of tomato harvest yield by month of 3 varieties (ton/ha). Compare the ratio of export markets and supermarkets.
Some bio- pestiscdes and bio- fertilizers are used on the farm. Bee natural polliniation in tomatoes farm. Model of tomato cultivation according to Israeli technology at Ban Me cooperative. 48 1 LIST OF TABLES Table 1.
Tomatoes varieties grown in Natureza farm. Total costs for 1 year tomato growing. Yield of tomato harvest by month. Yield of tomato varieties in export markets and supermarkets.
Economic efficiency of land use type for tomato cultivation Natureza farm. The social efficiency of tomatoes farms in Natureza farm. Evaluation of the environment efficiency in Natureza farm. 42 2 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS °C: Unit of temperature GDP: Gross Domestic Product LUT: Land use type FAO: The Food and Agriculture Organization Dunam: Israeli unit of area (1 dunam = 1000 m2) Shekel: The currency of Israel (1 shekel = 7000 VND) Moshav: Agricultural village in Israel Kibbutz: Agricultural village in Israel is more advanced than Moshav 3 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.
Research rationale The land is an extremely valuable resource that nature bestows on humans. The land is the basis of settlement and organization of economic and social activities. In agricultural production, land is not only an object of labor but also an irreplaceable means of production. It is an input factor that strongly affects the efficiency of agricultural production, and also the important environment that produces food to feed humans.
Therefore, the effective and sustainable use of land is becoming an urgent issue of each country, in order to maintain the productive capacity of the land for the present and the future. The state of Israel is a small country with harsh natural conditions and 2/3 of the territory is desert, the rest is bare rocky hills. The climate is extremely dry, but agriculture is the world's leading development with the world's most advanced technical technologies being widely applied. In Israel, the Arava valley is a place full of pride for the indigenous people, because it has a "miracle" that blooms in the desert - true miracles of science and technology and human intelligence.
Jewish scientists in Israel - the nation known as the smartest in the world have turned the wild, windy and dusty land into "gardens of paradise". Israel's agriculture is extremely developed and successful, not only ensuring domestic food supply but also exporting a large amount to foreign countries, especially to the European market. In contrast, in Vietnam with the population growth, the strong 4 development and expansion of industrial parks, urban areas, and entertainment areas created a lot of pressure on land use. Moreover, with prolonged drought and saline intrusion, agricultural land is increasingly shrinking, affecting agricultural production.
Exploiting the potential of the land and applying modern science and technology to achieve the highest efficiency is very important and necessary work, ensuring the development of agriculture as well as the economic development of Israel and Vietnam. Idan is one of the developed Moshav in Arava, southern Israel. In this area, there are many crops grown, providing a large amount of food for Israel. Over the years, Moshav's productivity and output have been constantly increasing, material and spiritual life has improved day by day.
Desire to acquire useful knowledge from modern agricultural production in Israel to apply to Vietnamese agriculture. In order to Vietnamese agriculture to reach out to the world and help the country develop, farmers are able to absorb modern science and technology. Stemming from practical significance and land use needs, approved by the Advanced Education Program - Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry and under the direct guidance of teacher Assoc. Phan Dinh Binh, conduct research on the topic: ‘‘Evaluation of land – use efficiency for tomatoes cultivation at Natureza farm, Moshav Idan, Arava, Israel.
Overall objectives Evaluating the efficiency of agricultural land use at Natureza farm, Moshav Idan, Arava, Israel and proposing directions for rational agricultural land use, improving agricultural land use efficiency in the coming years to serve development goals socio- economic development. Detail objectives - Overview of agricultural production at farm Natureza - Evaluation of the production, processing and consumption of tomatoes at farm Natureza - Evaluation of agriculture land use efficiency on basis of natural condition – economic – society at Natureza farm. - Point out advantages, disadvantages and lessons learned. Contents of work - Accurate and reliable data collection - Evaluate correctly, objectively, scientifically and in accordance with the actual development situation at Moshav Idan - Proposing feasible scientific solutions - Indicate orientations that are consistent with reality 6 1.
Scientific and practical significance of research - Based on the knowledge acquired at the university, consolidating knowledge and applying practical knowledge during the internship in Israel. - Improve the ability to access, collect and process information during the project implementation. - Evaluating socio-economic and environmental efficiency, thereby proposing highly effective land use types, which are the basis for land use planning, and making policies to develop agricultural production in order to improve people's living standards in the future. Timeline 10 months working at Natureza Farm from 1st October 2020 to 10 August 2021.
7 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2. Overview of Israel nation 2. Natural condition * Geographical location Israel is a small country located on the eastern edge of the Mediterranean Sea, with Jerusalem as its capital. It is bordered to the north by Lebanon, to the northeast by Syria, to the east and southeast by Jordan, to the southwest by Egypt, and to the west by the Mediterranean Sea.
The current population is estimated at nearly 9 million people. The total area of Israel is 21,640 km² (470km). However Israel has 60% of the desert, the annual rainfall is about 50mm, equivalent to 1/30 of Vietnam. In terms of topography, Israel is located in a very harsh position, different from most other countries in the world: Israel is located at the junction of 3 continents (Asia, Africa, Europe), has been the target of "conquest" for nearly 3,000 years by dozens of European and Middle Eastern empires, from the Roman Empire, Assyria, Ottoman and most recently England.
The city of Jerusalem that 3 major religions in the world (Christianity, Judaism, and Islam) considered the most complicated area. Israel is divided into four regions: the coastal plain, the central hills, the Jordan Delta, and the Negev Desert. Map of Israel (Source: Google Map) * Climate Israel has a Mediterranean climate characterized by long, hot and dry summers along with short, cold and rainy winters, which vary with latitude and altitude. Summers along the Mediterranean coast are very humid, but in the Negev it is dry.
The climate is defined by Israel's position between the arid subtropical features of Egypt and the humid subtropical Levant or the eastern Mediterranean. January is the coldest month, with average temperatures varying from 5 °C to 12 °C, and August is the hottest month with temperatures up to 40 °C. Israel's Socio-Economic Conditions Economic conditions Although not favored by nature, the country has extremely limited natural resources, with only a few potash, copper ore, rock phosphate, magnesium bromide, clay etc. but 9 with industry with the development of high technology and modern science and technology, Israel has achieved many great economic achievements.