THUY LOI UNIVERSITY MASTER THESIS LANDSLIDES SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT USING GIS AND REMOTE SENSING METHOD: A CASE STUDY IN MOUNTAINOUS AREA OF NGHE AN PROVINCE, VIETNAM Participant: Nguyen Hoang Ninh Class: Niche V Student code: 1481440225004 Major codes: SUPERVISORS: 1. Ngo Le An 2. Pham Thi Thanh Nga Department : Faculty of Hydrology and Water Resources Ha Noi, 2017 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to give my deepest appreciation to my supervisors Dr. Ngo Le An and Dr.
Pham Thi hanh Nga. Without their valuable guidance, suggestions and comments, it could be impossible to complete my thesis, 1 also would like to express my sincere thanks to “Investigation, assessment and ‘warning zonation of landslides in mountainous regions of Vietnam” project for kindly providing me all the essential landslide inventory data, as well as technical supports in field experiment and data processing. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to et Management Center for funding me to finish my thesis. Special thanks to all my colleagues of Vietnam Institute of Geosciences and.
‘Mineral Resources for their continuous support and encouragement to overcome the difficulty in study times. also wish to give my sincere thanks to my family, especially to my wife and my son, for their love and inspiration they have been giving and unconditional assistance through the whole period of studying. Without the help from all of you, this study would have been impossible. Nguyen Hoang Ninh.
DECLARATION Thereby declare that is the research work by myself under the supervisions of Dr. Ngo Le An and Dr. Pham Thi Thanh Nga. The results and conclusions of the thesis are fidelity, which are not copied from any sources and any forms.
The reference documents relevant sour the thesis has cited and recorded as prescribed, The results of my thesis have not been published by me to any courses or any awards, ABSTRACT Nghe An Province located in North Central Vietnam where is the beginning of Truong Son range, The topography of Nghe An is very complex and strongly dissected by Truong § n range of mountain and river systems. Besides the landform factor, from the East Sea are blocked by the Truong Son mountain range, c ising heavy rains in the province. These factors result in the frequent occurrence of landslide, debris flow and flashflood in Nghe An. RUSLE model is used to predict the average annual rate of erosion.
But erosion not only Loses soil but also forms unstable slope lead to increasing of the development of the mass movement, Moreover, this model based on four main factors: land use, rainfall, topography, and soil property. These factors are also taken into account in the current landslide assessment methods. Therefore, the potential soil erosion map seems to affect the landslide susceptibility assessment. By combining Remote Sensing analysis and Geo Information System analysis to assess the landslide susceptibility, the result shows that the area very high and high susceptible for landslide cover 26% and 25%, respectively.
These rest ts reflect the real occurring in Nghe An province. This resull is useful for administrators, decision maker, ind planner. World Bank VND Vietnam Dong RUSLE Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation Gis Geographical Information System RS Remote Sensing GHIS Geological Hazard Information System SMCE. Spatial Muli Criteria Evaluation ‘AHP Analytical Hierarchy Process DEM Digital Elevation Model sRTM ‘The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission USGS United States Geological Survey Table of Contents Chapter1 Introduction L1.
Objective of study. 13, Research question Chapter Il Literature review. TL, Landslide mechanism ULL. Landslide Process TLL.
Landslide types and triggering factors. Apply Remote Sensing and GIS in landslide susceptibility assessment. GIS CHAPTER IIL ‘Study area and data collection. Study area TILL.1, Natural features related to landslide.
Human activities related to landslide IIL2. Data Collection ML2. Satellite images data. Soil data THL2.
Landslide inventory data CHAPTER LV.1, Rainfall factor (R) IV. Soil Erodibility factor (K) IV. Topography Factors (LS) IV.4, Crop and Management Factor (C) IVS. Conservation Practice Factor (P) IV.6, Correlation between soil erosion map and landslide occurrence IV7.
VAL RS analysis. Lansat 8 pre-proc sing V1.2, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index: 30 V. Transformed Value Range 31 V2.24, Average Annual Soil Loss 39 V3, Verification of Erosion Soil Loss Map 43 V4, Distribution of the susceptibility zones for landslide 46 V4. The Very high susceptibility zone for landslide 46 ‘V4.
The high susceptibility zone for landslide 47 ‘V4. The average susceptibility zone for landslide.4, The low susceptibility zone for landslide 47 Conclusion. 49 References 50 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: The tracks of all ropical cyclones in the Northwest Pacific Ocean from 1980 t0 2005, 1 Figure 2: Statistic of topical storm affected to Vietnam from 1959 o 2009 2 Figure 3: The damage curves due to nature disaster in Vietnam 2 Figure 4: The relationship between the force and the slopes 5 Figure 5: GIS processing for landslide suseepibilty assessment 9 Figure 6: Administrative map of Nghe An province " Figure 7: The landslide on 7h highway Is Figure 8: The soil erodibility nomograph ma Figure9: Methodology of research 28 Figure 10; Flow chart of Remote Seasing analysis to caleulate C fator 2» Figure 11; Pre-processing of Landsat 8 30 Figure 12: NDVI map. 31 Figure 13: factor map 2 Figure 14: Flowchar of GIS analysis to calculate R factor 3B Figure 15:R factor map a Figure 16: Flow chart of GIS analysis to calculate K factor 38 Figure 17: K factor map.
mr Figure 18: Flow chat of GIS analysis to calculate LS factor 38 Figure 19: LS factor map, 39 Figure 20: Average Annual Soil Loss Map 40 Figure 21: Erosion Intensity map based on Vietnam standard for soil quality in 1995 (TCVN 5299-1995) with landslides distribution 42 Figure 22: Erosion Intensity map based on Vietnam standard for soil quality in 2009 (TCVN 5299-2009) with landslides distribution 43 Figure 23: Graphs of frequency ratio analysis. 4 Figure 24: The statistic graph of the distribution of landslide susceptibility zone in all districts of Nghe An province 46 LIST OF TABLES ‘Table I: Type and attributes of landslide. 6 ‘Table 2: The distribution of the slope in Nghe An province 12 ‘Table 3: The percentage of forest cover in Nghe An province from 2008 to 2011.14 ‘Table 4: Information of used Landsat 8 images. 16 Table5: The P value ranges [16] 2 Table 6: K value of each soil type.
35 ‘Table 7: Classification of soil erosion caused by rain based on Vietnam Standards for soil quality 41 Table 8: Frequency ratio values of landslides occurrences into each erosion intensity zone 44 Table 9: Frequency ratio values of landslides occurrences into each erosion intensity zone 4 Table 10: Total area and percentage of the landslide susceptibility zones in Nghe An province. General Landslides are reported as one of the most dangerous natural disaster in the world [1] Annually, landslides are responsible for a lot of damage to human and monetary losses. Vietnam located in the region with high incidence of storm. Intensive rain formed by storm is the trigger factor causing a lot of landslide in the mountainous area, ‘Together with this, human activities such as deforestation, mining, construction and transport works.
promote physical landslide processes. The: result in the frequent ‘occurrence of landslides in the mountainous area of Vietnam, Figure 1: The tracks of all tropical eyclones in the Northwest Pacific Ocean from 1980 10 2005 (Source: Wikipedia) 1 = The wopical storm lended on Vietnam ‘= The woplcal storm in East sea ‘= The topical storm affected to Vietnam Figure 2: Statistic of tropical storm affected to Vietnam from 1959 to 2009 (Source. Vietnam's Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology, and Environment/2010) ‘These landslides would not only damage infrastructures, and in social and economic aspects but also kill a human being. In the World Bank report, landslide and other natural disasters have resulted in a total loss of life of 13,035 people, with damage to residential housing, agriculture, and infrastructure valued at VND 91 trillion (USS 6.
As predicted in this report, the damage and loss will be continued to increase because of negative climate change in the future. Thus, research on landslide disaster management and risk mitigation is a topic to be considered, Figure 3: The damage curves due to nature disaster in Vietnam (Source: WB/2010) 2 Nghe An Province located in North Central Vietnam where is the beginning of Truong ‘Son range, The topography of Nghe An is very complex and strongly dissected by ‘Truong Son range of mountain and river systems. Besides the landform factor, storms from the East Sea are blocked by the Truong Son mountain range, causing heavy rains in the province. These factors result in the frequent occurrence of the landslide, debris flow and flash flood in Nghe An, In order to mit landslide risk, the first step is the zonation of the different landslide susceptibility area, Landslide risk and damage assessment is next step to evaluate influences on community and eco-social activities.
Finally, measures of risk mitigation are determined by cost and benefit method. The process including the three steps was popularly applied in the world. This research is focused on landslide susceptibility zoning to find out the high potential landslide hazard in Nghe An province based on Remote Sensing and GIS technology. ‘Many factors trigger slope failure including exogenic, endogenic and man-made features[1|.
But in this study, the focused triggering factor is heavy precipitation. Because it is ma triggering factor caused landslide in Vietnam, especially Nghe An province. To evaluate landslide triggered by rain, there are several researchers which applied Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE)[3}{6]. RUSLE model was developed in 1960 and improved in 1978 by Wischmeier and Smith of the United States Department of Agriculture.
At RUSLE model is used to predict the average annual rate of erosion, But erosion not only loses soil but also forms unstable slope lead to increasing of the development of mass movement{6}. Moreover, this model based on four main factors: land use, rainfall, topography, and soil property ‘These factors are also taken into account in the current landslide assessment methods. ‘Therefore, the potential soil erosion map seems to affect the landslide susceptibility assessment, 1. Objective of study ‘The overall objective of this study is to evaluate the application of the RUSLE model to zoning of area susceptible to landslide.
Besides that, the specific objectives ofthis study include 1. Select and parameterize the factors related with RUSLE model 2 "Assess soil erosion and generate the potential soil erosion map 3. Select statistic analysis method to correlate with landslide events/locations in the reality to verify the accuracy of map 13. Research question Based on the objectives of this study, the research questions are as following: 1.
Do we have the correlation between the potential soil erosion map and reality landslide location? 2. Can the potential soil erosion map use as the landslide susceptibility map? CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ILL. Landslide Process I is assumed that the entire terrain surface is a combination of different slopes. On those terrains, surface gravity tends to shift any material down to the center of the earth, Therefore, the material on a certain slope is affected by the following forces: Figure 4: The relationship between the force and the slopes (M represents the material ‘on the slopes, with mass is m) P=m gis gravity force is the driving force or the tractive force of M mass.
This is the main force causing landslides because it tends to pull mass to the foot of slopes. P; is the normal force or the pressure of M mass to the sliding surface. P, is the resisting force or the frictional force caused by friction between thes surface and M. ‘Through forces analysis, landslides occur when the driving forces equal or exceed the resisting forces, Factors causing landslides fall into two categories: 1) Factors increasing driving forces: seismic shaking, inereasing the steep of slope and incre wing the weight of the mass.