MBA Final Thesis: Ineffective capital structure of Ninh Van Bay Joint Stock Company Instructor: Dr. Pham Phu Quoc Student: Le Anh Mai Chi MBA Class 5.2 1 123doc TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive summary. 5 CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM CONTEXT. 6 CHAPTER 2: SITUATION ANALYSIS .1 Problems finding process .1 Significant profit decrease .3 Basic Earning Power ratio decrease .1 Interest expense increase.2 Ineffective utilization of leverage factor .5 Possible causes of the problem .6 Main causes of the problem .7 Cause – effect tree of problem.
26 CHAPTER 3: SOLUTION DESIGN .1 Possible solutions for inefficient capital structure .2 Implementation of suitable plans. 38 2 123doc LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Revenue and Net profit of NVT from 2013 - 2015 Figure 2. Revenues of companies in the same industry with NVT 2013 - 2015 Figure 3.
Profit margins of companies in the same industry with NVT 2013 - 2015 Figure 4. Cause – Effect tree Figure 5. Actions plan 3 123doc LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Revenue and profit of NVT from 2013 – 2015 Table 2.
Revenue and profit margin of companies in the same industry from 2013 – 2015 Table 3. NVT’s Profitability Ratios 2013 – 2015 Table 4. ROE, ROA and EPS of companies in same industry with NVT from 2013 - 2015 Table 5. The BEP ratios of NVT 2013 – 2015 Table 6.
The possible problems and supportive theories Table 7. NVT DuPont Analysis 2013 – 2015 Table 8. Interest Expense of NVT from 2013 to 2015 Table 9. Capital structure ratios of NVT and other companies from 2013 to 2015 Table 10.
Income Statement of NVT from 2013 to 2015 Table 11. NVT’s net sales and total asset Table 12. Possible causes and supportive theories Table 13. Possible solutions Table 14.
Implementation of suitable plans 4 123doc Executive summary The main problem is inefficient capital structure by increasing debts over the period 2013 to 2015. In which, total debt to total equity increased from 46.68% that leads to profitability decrease from 4. Financial ratios are calculated from company’s financial and accounting reliable sources as NVT had listed in the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange over the period 2013 to 2015. The ratios are also in comparison with other corporates in the industry associated with deep interviews of company’s leaders in order for trustable findings.
The main causes of the problem are high debts on total projects and financing interest cost of debts. NVT has to borrow different resources of debts to finance the projects and operation, especially the contract of issuing 230 billion VND of bonds. Using financial leverage sometimes is good. However, using that method in a wrong time when the difficulties of the economy plus the difficulties of the corporation in implementing projects may led to exhaustion of funds.
Continuing to borrow to maintain operating can be a temporary solution, but if it lasts, causing serious consequences. There are two solutions for company’s activities. Firstly, NVT should reduce overinvestment and increase cash by reselling the project Six Senses Saigon River and transferring and withdrawing the investment in Tan Phu JSC. Secondly, the company should increase sales in the control of expenses to get profits for financing current debts.
5 123doc CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM CONTEXT NVT is a tourism real estate, specializing in investment, construction and luxury eco resorts business in Vietnam. NVT is creating five star quality and superior products in Vietnamese style, through inheriting and promoting deeply culture in Vietnam’s regions. The company was founded in 2006 with the charter capital of 1 billion Vietnam dong. In 2009, the company raised the charter capital up to 505 billion Vietnam dong.
In 2016, the charter capital of the company is 905 billion Vietnam dong. Six Senses Ninh Van Bay Resort of the Company has become the destination of more than 150,000 inbound and outbound tourists. Especially, the resort has received 14 awards voted by many travel agencies and organizations, well-known travel magazines such as Tatler world, World Travel Awards, the Guide Magazine, Conde ‘Nast Traveller. A new development of the company – Six Senses Saigon River Project (Appendix 1), was started on the 1st of May, 2009.
This will not only be a transit point for leisure from Saigon to Nha Trang, Phu Quoc, Dalat, Bangkok, Phnom Penh, Singapore… but also the convergence of internally tourist. However, according to the result of operating during the period of 2013 – 2015, profit has decreased significantly and did not achieve the annual plan. In 2013, earning before tax (EAT) of the company was 39.8 billion Vietnam dong but in 2014 EAT decreased to 25.6 billion Vietnam dong while the plan for that year was 45 billion Vietnam dong. In 2015, EAT was -122.9 billion Vietnam dong, which decreased significantly in comparison with 2014 and in comparison with the plan of 9.1 billion Vietnam dong.
From NVT’s financial results, questions were raised: Is that a problem of the company? If yes, what are the reasons and what are the solutions, organizations’ action plans to solve the problem? This study was implemented to answer the questions. 6 123doc CHAPTER 2: SITUATION ANALYSIS 2.1 Problems finding process In order to identify these company problems, these following steps will be executed: - Group meeting with the company to understand the division symptoms and possible problems. The division is Financial Department and the group meeting includes of three staffs: Mr. Tran Kim Nhan, Mr.
Truong Quang Phu and Mrs. Tran Nguyen Thi Mai Suong, they are all financial executives of NVT; - Review the literatures related to the symptoms and further study of the company financial and accounting reliable sources as NVT had listed in the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange and their financial reports are audited regularly. The study also gathered information from the industry and competitors in the market by reliable sources as the information had listed in the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange. Then the literatures were reviewed which related to any new discovery; - Deep interview with persons in charged for more details: Mr.
Hoang Anh Dung - the General Director of NVT, Mrs. Ngo Thi Thanh Hai – the Chief Accountant of NVT; - Additional intelligent information may be acquired from competitors for further references.2 Problem symptoms From datas calculated from annual reports, supportive theories associated with the first meeting with responsible members, the symptoms revealed company’s ineffective profitability as the following details: - Profit has decreased significantly while revenue showed a different trend; - Profitability decreased sharply over the period 2013 to 2015; 7 123doc - Basic Earning Power ratio decreased under interest rate.1 Significant profit decrease The first symptom of NVT’s problem is gross profit, earning before tax (EBT), earnings after tax (EAT) dropped significantly from 2013 to 2015 while revenue did not change much. In comparison with companies in the same industry of NVT in the same period of time, their revenues had the same trend with NTV. However, profit margin had the sharply down trend opposite to the profit trends of other companies.
This symptom can be proved by the financial data and ratios below. Table 1 below shows revenues and profits of NVT from 2013 to 2015 for a clearly picture about the performance of the company. Value (in billion VND) Position (%) Year 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 Revenue 207. Revenue and profit of NVT from 2013 – 2015 (Unit: billion VND) From table 1, revenue of the company slightly increased from 2013 - 2014 and a little decreased from 2014 - 2015.
In general, revenue of the company did not change much. On the other hand, profits of the company significantly decreased throughout the years which have opposite trends with revenues. Gross profit to revenue down from 46. EBT dropped sharply from 39.8 billion Vietnam dong in 2013 down to 25.6 billion Vietnam dong in 2014 and dramatically decreased to -122.9 billion Vietnam dong in 2015.
As a result, EAT 8 123doc to revenue had a same sharply down-trend from 19.58% in 2014 and down to - 67. A more clearly picture of two opposite trends of profits and revenues is shown in figure 1 below. Revenue and Net profit of NVT 2013 - 2015 (billion VND) 300 207.6 -200 Revenue Net profit Figure 1. Revenue and Net profit of NVT from 2013 - 2015 A comparison with other companies in the same industry with NVT was shown in table 2, figure 2 and 3 below.
Some companies in the same industry of tourism real estate are: Ocean Hospitality (OCH), Sao Mai Group (ASM) and Thanh Thanh Cong Tourist (VNG). Revenue (in billion Company Percentage change (%) Profit margin VND) name 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 NVT 207. Revenue and profit margin of companies in the same industry from 2013 – 2015 9 123doc Based on the comparison, NVT has the same trend in revenue with OCH and ASM: increase from 2013 to 2014 and decreased from 2014 to 2015. However, profit margin of NVT over the time has the significantly down-trend.
In the meanwhile, the other three companies have the up-trend profit margins. This illustrates the problem in decreased profit from 2013 – 2015. Revenues of companies in the Figure 3. Profit margins of companies in same industry with NVT 2013 - 2015 the same industry with NVT 2013 - 2015 2.2 Profitability decrease The second symptom of NVT is the remarkably decreased performance efficiency from 2013 to 2015 which has an opposite trend to other companies in the same industry.
Salim et al (1) indicated that firm performance, which is measured by return on asset (ROA), return on Equity (ROE) and earning per share (EPS) have negative relationship with short term debt (STD), long term debt (LTD), total debt (TD). Chen-Ying (2) used operating ratio and return on assets (ROA) for the two kinds of profitability indicators to measure insurers’ profitability. 10 123doc Therefore, in order to evaluate the profitability and performance of the company, return on equity (ROE) is applied. Besides, return on asset (ROA), earning per share (EPS) and gross profit margin were also calculated in table 3.71% Gross profit margin 46.
NVT’s Profitability Ratios 2013 – 2015 From table 3, the profitability ratios ROA and ROE of the firm have decreased from 4.71% in ROE and from 2. In 2013, the ROE was positive and higher than ROA which means in 2013 the company’s business created profit. The ROE ratios 4.83% means if the investor invests in the company 100 dong, that investor will get 4. In 2014, even though the ROE and ROA of NVT decreased but still positive and ROE still higher than ROA.
However, in 2015, the ROE was down to negative which means if the investor invests in the company 100 dong, the investor will lose 14. With this ratio, no investors actually want to invest in NVT. Besides, ROE in this year was much lower than ROA. The company has used the leverage factor inefficiently.
This can be understood that the company used leverage but the profit was not enough to finance. This leads to EPS reducing significantly from 248 down to -1,411VND. In the meanwhile, ROE and ROA of the companies in the same industry with NVT have the different trends. 11 123doc ROE ROA EPS (thousand VND) 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 NVT 4.
ROE, ROA and EPS of companies in same industry with NVT from 2013 - 2015 From table 4, the period from 2013 to 2014, from the ROA and ROE ratios, the companies in the same industry in a general look have the different result trends with NVT. In period of 2013 – 2014, other companies had the down-trend results. For example, ROE of OCH was from 5.8% in 2013 down significantly to -76.76% in 2014 and VNG from 0. As a result, ROA of both companies was in a down trend.