STATE BANK OF VIETNAM THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING BANKING UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY LAC HONG NHU FACTORS AFFECTING THE SATISFACTION OF CUSTOMERS WHEN USING DIGITAL BANKING IN HO CHI MINH CITY GRADUATE THESIS MAJOR: FINANCE – BANKING CODE: 7340201 HO CHI MINH CITY, 2021 STATE BANK OF VIETNAM THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING BANKING UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY LAC HONG NHU FACTORS AFFECTING THE SATISFACTION OF CUSTOMERS WHEN USING DIGITAL BANKING IN HO CHI MINH CITY GRADUATE THESIS MAJOR: FINANCE – BANKING CODE: 7340201 SUPERVISOR M.Sc VO THI NGOC HA HO CHI MINH CITY, 2021 i ABSTRACT The goal of this research is to use the modified SERVPERF model to assess customer satisfaction and the influence of these dimensions (interface, reliability, responsiveness, empathy, security, and price) on customer satisfaction in three digital banks in Ho Chi Minh City (Timo, Tnex, and Cake). Data is collected from 304 Timo, Tnex, and Cake consumers. The SPSS 20 program statistically evaluated the sample data using exploratory factor analysis, factor analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression to assess service quality perception and customer satisfaction. The results show that customer satisfaction is influenced by six factors: interface, reliability, responsiveness, security, empathy, and price.
The reliability factor has a positive impact on customer satisfaction with a statistical significance of 90% while the remaining factors have a positive impact on customer satisfaction with a statistical significance of up to 95%. The study's findings also revealed that there was no difference in satisfaction between genders but there is a difference in satisfaction with age group and occupations. Finally, the paper provides management implications for digital banks to enhance their service quality, as well as points out some limitations of the research, and suggests future research directions. ii DECLARATION I hereby declare that this is my own research under the supervision of MSc.
Vo Thi Ngoc Ha. The truthful data, content, results, tables, and images used for commenting and analysis collected from various sources are cited and clearly stated in the references section. In addition, comments, reviews as well as results of other authors will be fully cited. The Author Lạc Hồng Như iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere thanks to all the professors at Banking University of Ho Chi Minh City for their patience and dedication in teaching and imparting practical and useful knowledge to me over the past four years, especially MSc.
Vo Thi Ngoc Ha, who directly guided and helped me complete my graduation thesis. Due to limited knowledge and practical experience, my research still has many shortcomings. I am looking forward to receiving your advice and comments to improve this thesis. Finally, I wish you all health and success in your career.
The Author Lạc Hồng Như iv ABBREVIATION LIST Abbreviation Description DB Digital Banking Fintech Financial technology SBV State bank of Vietnam VP Bank Vietnam Prosperity Joint Stock Commercial Bank MSB Vietnam Maritime Commercial Joint Stock Bank v LIST OF TABLE Table 2.1 The difference between Digital banking and e-banking .1 Encrypt data for Interface component.2 Encrypt data for Reliability component .3 Encrypt data for Responsiveness component .4 Encrypt data for Security component .5 Encrypt data for Empathy component .6 Encrypt data for Price component .7 Encrypt data for Satisfaction component .8 Summary of correlation between factors and customer satisfaction .1 Survey sample characteristics .3 Cronbach's Alpha test results for independent variables .4 Cronbach's Alpha test results for dependent variable .5 KMO and Bartlett's Test for independent variables.6 Total Variance Explained for independent variables .7 Rotated Component Matrix for independent variables .8 KMO and Bartlett's Test for dependent variable .9 Total Variance Explained for dependent variable .10 Component Matrix for dependent variable .11 Pearson Correlation Analysis .15 Test of Homogeneity of Variances between Genders .16 ANOVA test between Genders .17 Test of Homogeneity of Variances between Age groups .18 ANOVA test between Age groups .19 Test of Homogeneity of Variances between Occupations .20 ANOVA test between Occupations .61 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 Digital bank models .2 The SERVQUAL model .3 The GRONROOS model .1 Proposed research model .1 Level of research and implementation of digital transform strategies of commercial banks in Vietnam .2 Digital transformation model in Vietnam .43 viii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT. iii ABBREVIATION LIST. iv LIST OF TABLE.v LIST OF FIGURES. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS.
viii 1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .1 Reasons for choosing the topic .7 Structure of research .5 2 CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BASIS AND LITERATURE REVIEW .1 Overview of digital banking .1 Definition of digital banking .2 Benefits and limitations of digital banking .1 Benefits of digital banking .2 Limitations of Digital Banking .3 Forms of digital banking .4 Perspectives on service quality and customer satisfaction .1 Definition of service quality .2 Definition of customer satisfaction .3 The relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction .5 Theoretical models to measure service quality .1 The SERVQUAL model .2 The SERVPERF model .3 The GRONROOS model .4 The BSQ model .23 3 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHOD .3 Data collection method and technique .1 Data collection method .4 Data analysis method and technique .1 Cronbach Alpha's confidence coefficient method .2 Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) .3 Regression analysis method .38 4 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND FINDING .1 The reality of digital banking in Vietnam .1 The legal framework .2 The status of digital banking implementation in Vietnam .2 Descriptive statistical analysis .1 Descriptive statistics of the survey sample .2 Descriptive statistics of the variables in the model .3 Evaluate the reliability of the scale with Cronbach Alpha’s coefficient .1 Testing the reliability of the scale by using Cronbach alpha’s coefficient for the independent variables .2 Testing the reliability of the scale by using Cronbach alpha’s coefficient for the dependent variable .4 Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) .1 Exploratory factor analysis for independent variables .2 Exploratory factor analysis for dependent variable .5 Analysis of multivariate regression models and hypothesis testing .3 Test the hypotheses .6 Analysis of variance (ANOVA).61 5 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND MANAGEMENT IMPLICATION .2 Management Implication for Digital Banking .3 Limitations of the topic and future research directions .1 Limitations of the topic .2 Recommendations for future research. viii 1 1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Reasons for choosing the topic A revolutionary breakthrough in technology brings incalculable benefits as well as challenges for businesses in all domains, especially the financial and banking industry. The advancement by leaps and bounds of technology requires banks need to innovate to be able to cater to customers’ needs as well as survive and thrive in the digital economy of the 21st century. Financial technology (FinTech) has created a new step for the financial market worldwide by reshaping consumers’ relationships with their banks.
In order to satisfy customers' requirements as well as save costs, banks have moved more toward digital banking (DB). Moreover, during this uncertain time due to the coronavirus, when social distance is a requirement to fight off the pandemic, DB is more referred to by both the providers and customers. It helps to make sure that the banks are able to keep up with the market's demand while protecting the health of their employees, customers, and society. DB has many benefits which boost the next wave of a global economic surge.
Even though DB had been widely used internationally, it is still a very new aspect of the Vietnamese market. Therefore, Vietnam is considered as a potential market, an opportunity for the development of digital banking.5 million people, the majority of which are young people, account for about 70%, and at the same time, 72% of the population own smartphones, 130 million mobile subscribers, 64 million Internet users (Thieu Quang Hiep, 2020) so it is possible to expand digital banking in Vietnam. Statistics from the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) show that up to 94% of commercial banks are implementing or building a digital transformation strategy. Along with the development of socio-economic as well as science and technology, the number of people using banking services via the internet and mobile phone is increasing day by day.
According to the SBV (2020), the number and value of payments via internet channels reached 282.4 million transactions with 17.4 million billion VND, that via mobile phone channel reached 682.3 million transactions with 2 nearly 7.2 million billion VND. Vietnam currently has about 30 million people using the internet banking payment system every day, so the development of DB is very necessary for banks if they want to develop sustainably in this era. In fact, many banks consider DB as the focus of development in recent years such as Timo, Tnex, and Cake. These DB have completely separated the service distribution channel into a branch that operates independently on a digital platform, having services and marketing policies are completely independent of the parent bank.
Timo is the first digital bank in Vietnam, which is first developed by Vietnam Prosperity Joint Stock Commercial Bank (VP Bank) in 2016 and then cooperate with Viet Capital Bank and is one of eight reputable digital banks in Asia. In 2020, Vietnam Maritime Commercial Joint Stock Bank (MSB) sponsors Tnex digital bank. Cake was known as Yolo and was established by VP bank in 2018, then VP Bank cooperated with Be Financial and changed its name to Cake in 2021. This is the first and the only one at the moment application in Vietnam that has a digital bank that displays and connects inside the ride-hailing application.
In Vietnam, although there have been many studies related to customer satisfaction when using internet banking services. However, no research has been conducted on the scope of digital banking services and banks should pay attention to improving customer satisfaction. In order to ensure that DB has the potential to expand and reach more customers, it is required to study the factors affecting digital banking development in Vietnam. Therefore, the topic of factors affecting customer satisfaction when using DB in Ho Chi Minh city is conducted to help banks understand customer behavior better and offer appropriate solutions simultaneously to improve service quality so that banks can meet the needs of customers as well as help DB become more developed.
Stemming from the above reasons, the topic "Factors affecting customer satisfaction when using digital banking in Ho Chi Minh City" had been chosen.2 Research objectives The overall goal of this thesis is to identify factors affecting customer satisfaction when using DB in Ho Chi Minh city. After building research models and evaluation analysis, this thesis will propose solutions for DB to improve service quality in order to increase customer satisfaction. In addition to the general objective, the study also has the following specific objectives: Determine factors that may affect customer satisfaction. Assessing the level of impact of factors on customer satisfaction.
Giving a conclusion and recommendation for DB in Vietnam to improve the quality of services.3 Research questions This study is designed to answer the following questions: What factors affect customer satisfaction when using DB? How do factors impact customers satisfaction? What solutions can be drawn to improve the quality of DB in Ho Chi Minh city? 1.4 Research subjects Research subjects: The satisfaction of customers when they use DB in Ho Chi Minh city. Research scope: Time range: from June to September 2021 Space range: Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Respondents: Customers have used DB services which are Timo, Tnex, and Cake. Services studied: Timo, Tnex, and Cake.5 Research methods The research is inherited from previous studies, combined with qualitative and quantitative research to identify and evaluate the factors affecting customers’ satisfaction when using DB. At the same time, a number of issues that need attention in order to improve the quality of DB are also raised.
Qualitative methods: Qualitative research is used to synthesize and compare theories, legal regulations, and previous studies related to DB.