HỌC VIỆN NGÂN HÀNG KHOA TÀI CHÍNH Thesis graduation Topic: Factors impact on profitability of securities companies listed on HOSE and HNX in Vietnam Student: Trần Ngọc Bình Class: K21CLCC Course: 2018 – 2022 Student ID: 21A4010065 Instructor: Dr. Trần Ngọc Mai Hanoi, May 2022 17014126260801000000 HỌC VIỆN NGÂN HÀNG KHOA TÀI CHÍNH Thesis graduation Topic: Factors impact on profitability of securities companies listed on HOSE and HNX in Vietnam Student: Trần Ngọc Bình Class: K21CLCC Course: 2018 – 2022 Student ID: 21A4010065 Instructor: Dr. Trần Ngọc Mai Hanoi, May 2022 Acknowledgement First, I would like to thank Dr. Trần Ngọc Mai, who helped me complete this thesis under her guidance.
I am especially grateful for her confidence and the freedom she gave me to do this work. As an instructor, Dr. Trần Ngọc Mai supported me in all stages of this word. I am extremely thankful and indebted to her for sharing her expertise, and sincere and valuable guidance and encouragement extended to me.
I extend my sincere thanks to all members of the Faculty of Finance in Banking Academy and all those who contributed directly or indirectly my dissertation. Thanks to all of my friends, my company for helping all the time. However, because of limited professional knowledge and lack of practical experience, the limit of the content of the research is inevitable, I hope to receive comments and further advice from teachers. i Declaration I declare that this dissertation has been composed solely by myself and that it has not been submitted, in whole or in part, in any previous application for a degree.
Except where states otherwise by reference or acknowledgment, the work presented is entirely my own. Hanoi, May 2022 Trần Ngọc Bình ii Table of content Acknowledgement .v List of figures and tables .1 Chapter I: Overview of the stock market, securities companies and main activities. Overview of stock market. Overview of Vietnamese economy.
Overview of Vietnamese stock market. Overview of securities companies. Introduction to the activities of securities companies. Current status of Vietnamese securities companies.
Main activities in Vietnamese securities companies .21 Chapter II: Literature review. Indicators to evaluate the profitability of securities companies. Factors affect profitability .30 Chapter III: Database and methodology. Definition of variables.
Testing the selection of variables in the regression model. Correlation between the independent variables in the model. Checking for multicollinearity for pooled OLS model. Checking for suitable model selection for dependent variables.
Checking for the Heteroskedasticity. Check for autocorrelation .46 iii Chapter 4: Research results. Research results analyzation .49 Chapter 5: Recommendation for securities companies. Increase firm size.
Increase asset turnover .57 Result of checking turnitin .74 iv Abbreviation Short form Long form ROA Return on assets ROE Return on equity NIM Net interest margin OPM Operating margin Pooled OLS Pooled ordinary least square FEM Fixed effects regression model REM Random effects regression model FGLS Feasible generalized least square CPI Consumer price index GDP Gross domestic product SBV State bank of Vietnam VND Vietnam Dong v List of figures and tables List of figures: Figure 1. GDP growth rate in Vietnam in Page 4 the period 2011-2020 (source: Tổng cục thống kê) Figure 2. Total GDP growth and in each Page 5 industry (source: Tổng cục Thống kê) Figure 3. CPI in each quarter from 2018Q4 Page 6 to 2021Q4 (Based year 2014) (Source: Synthetic private author) Figure 4.
Exchange rate USD/VND Page 7 (Source: tradingview) Figure 5. Number of new opening Page 9 accounts per month from 01/2019 to 01/2020 (source: Trung tâm lưu ký Chứng khoán Việt Nam (VSD)) Figure 6. Liquidity and index of VN-index Page 10 over the period (source: trading view) Figure 7. Total assets of securities Page 20 companies from 2019Q1 to 2021Q4 Figure 8.
Total assets of 25 securities Page 21 companies from 2019Q1 to 2021Q4 Figure 9. Brokerage revenue of each Page 21 securities company from 2019Q1 to 2021Q4 Figure 10.Brokerage cost of each Page 22 securities company from 2019Q1 to 2021Q4 Figure 11.Brokerage profit of each Page 22 securities company from 2019Q1 to 2021Q4 Figure 12. Margin loan profit of each Page 23 securities company from 2019Q1 to 2021Q4 List of tables: Table 1. Securities companies listed in Hose Page 20 and Hnx Table 2.
Statistical table of variables Page 32 Table 3. Correlation matrix between Page 39 independent variables in model 1 Table 4. Correlation matrix between Page 40 independent variables in model 2 vi Table 5. Multicollinearity test Page 41 Table 6.
Multicollinearity test before Page 41 eliminating variable Table 7. Multicollinearity test after Page 42 eliminating variable Table 8. The results of the model selection Page 43 test between the Pooled OLS model and the REM model in model 1 Table 9. The results of the model selection Page 43 test between the Pooled OLS model and the REM model in model 2 Table 10.
The results of the model selection Page 44 test between the FEM model and the REM model in model 1 Table 11. The results of the model selection Page 44 test between the FEM model and the REM model in model 2 Table 12. Heteroskedasicity test for model 1 Page 45 Table 13. Heteroskedasicity test for model 2 Page 45 Table 14.
Autocorrelation test Page 45 vii Introduction 1. Significant of the study The scale of Vietnam's stock market is getting bigger and bigger. Especially, from 2019-2021, the booming of this market attracts a lot of people and organization to join in. This is reflected in the liquidity and the number of new accounts opened which has increased a lot compared to the period before 2018.
This has become an indispensable channel to attract investment and mobilize capital of companies and the economy. This requires securities companies to operate more efficiently and play a big role in promoting the efficiency of this capital investment channel. After over 20 years of operation, Vietnam's stock market has made important contributions to the economy, even being evaluated as one of the emerging markets with a rapidly growing market capitalization in the world. The increasing participation of individual, institutional and foreign investors requires securities companies to make good use of available opportunities and resources to develop sustainably and strongly.
To find out the reasons and help make better use of available resources of securities companies, the author chooses the topic: “Factors impact on profitability of securities companies listed on HOSE and HNX in Vietnam” 2. Objectives and scope of the study The goal of this research is to figure out the impact of some factors on two sectors of securities companies: broker and margin loan. From this, the suggestion would be supposed to support securities companies in this two sectors. Research questions include: How do factors impact on profitability of securities companies in two sectors? The way to attract and utilize resource for two sectors? Targeted objects include the two sector of securities companies: broker and margin loan.
Factors are firm size, company efficiency, leverage level, capital adequacy, inflation Research scope: 25 securities companies listed on HOSE and HNX from 2019-2021 1 3. Methodology of the study Collect data from specialized agencies, public data histories on electronic means. Author uses panel data and regression method (OLS) based on given variables. Through collected data, the study uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods.
In the quantitative method, the article estimates regression least squares (OLS) models, random effects regression models (REM), fixed effects regression models (FEM) and feasible general least squares (FGLS) to measure profitability indicators and analyze and show the influence of those factors: Using the VIF magnification factor to test the phenomenon of multicollinearity Using Breusch and Pagan tests to choose a suitable model between the Pooled OLS model and the REM model Using Hausman tests to choose a suitable model between the FEM model and the REM model The FGLS model is used to overcome the defects of the REM and FEM models. Analyzing tool: Stata13 4. Structure of the thesis Including 5 sectors: Chapter I: Overview of the stock market, securities companies and main activities Chapter II: Literature review Chapter III: Database and research methodology Chapter IV: Research results Chapter V: Solution for utilize securities companies’ resources 5. Research gap It is not possible to fully study the effects of some macro factors such as exchange rate, GDP or foreign investment.
In addition, in this research, it does not concern about other sectors of securities companies such as underwriting activity, self-trading activity, securities depository or investment consulting services. Empirical studies The research of Rowshonara Akter Akhi and Mabia Khatun in “Panel Data Analysis on the Profitability Determinants of Brokerage Firms from Bangladesh Perspective” (2021) used data from 28 brokerage companies enlisted in Dhaka Stock Exchange over the period of 2010-2019. Through multiple regression, the two authors analyzed the panel data for identifying the factors affecting the brokerage firms’ profitability as firm size, capital adequacy, asset turnover, GDP growth, inflation, leverage and real interest rate. On the basis of result and analysis, they concluded that among firm specific variables broker size, leverage and two macroeconomic variables inflation rate and real interest rate are positively correlated with ROA of brokerage firms with an exception of capital adequacy, sales growth and GDP.
Many studies concentrate on banking sector and other businesses. From 1993 to 1998, Bashir (2003) examined the exhibition signs of Islamic banks in eight Middle Eastern countries. Studies attempt to determine the impact of factors on profitability. For example, size (Mehta, 1995; Comanor and Wilson, 1969, Farban Imitiaz, 2019, Rowshonara Akter Akhi & Mabia Khatun, 2021); net operating profitability (Ito and Fuka, 2010; Burja, 2011); liquid ratio, receivables turnover ratio and working capital to total assets (Singh and Pandey, 2008); debt ratio (Burja, 2011); return on total assets (Padachi, 2006); return on invested capital and return on assets (Narware, 2010); financial leverage (Burja, 2011); equity ratio (Burja, 2011)assets ratio (Singh and Pandey, 2008; Burja, 2011).
3 Chapter I: Overview of the stock market, securities companies and main activities 1. Overview of stock market 1. Overview of Vietnamese economy The assessment of the macroeconomic factors of a country always plays an important role in investment decisions as well as the performance of enterprises. In Vietnam, this also contributes greatly, especially when analyzing business groups and in particular the financial industry.
*GDP growth 2020 and 2021 is two difficult years around the word in general, as well as in Vietnam in particular. The world economy experienced the most severe recession in history due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. After many years, GDP growth rate in Vietnam is below 5%, with 2. GDP growth rate in Vietnam in the period 2011-2020 (source: Tổng cục thống kê) Covid-19 epidemic had developed really complicated since the end of April in 2021, which has serious result in commercial and service activities.
This negative growth of some service industries accounted for a large proportion, reducing growth rate the whole economy in general and service fields in detail.57 Quý I Quý II Quý III Quý IV GDP Nông, lâm nghiệp và thủy sản Công nghiệp và xây dựng Dịch vụ Figure 2. Total GDP growth and in each industry (source: Tổng cục Thống kê) In agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, the yield of most crops is relatively strong compared to the previous year, livestock has expanded gradually, and the export turnover of several agricultural products improved in 2021, all contributing to the region's leading growth rate. The agricultural sector grew 3.29 percentage points to the overall economy's growth rate of total added value; the forestry sector grew 3.02 percentage points; and the fisheries sector grew 1. The processing and manufacturing industry, which contributed 1.61 percentage points to the overall growth rate in the industry and construction sector, continues to be the growth engine of the economy, with a growth rate of 6.
The generation and distribution of electricity climbed by 5.