MASTER IN FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT MASTER THESIS Topic: Factors affecting firm’s performance: A case study of listed manufacturing companies in Vietnam. Lê Thị Thu Hường Author’s full name: Vũ Mỹ Linh Author’s ID: 21075058 Class: MFM4 HANOI, 2023 DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP I hereby declare that this thesis was carried out by myself under the guidance and supervision of Dr. Le Thi Thu Huong; and that the work contained and the results in it are true by author and have not violated research ethics. The data and figures presented in this thesis are for analysis, comments, and evaluations from various resources by my own work and have been duly acknowledged in the reference part.
In addition, other comments, reviews and data used by other authors, and organizations have been acknowledged, and explicitly cited. I will take full responsibility for any fraud detected in my thesis. Hanoi, date……… month……… year……… Author Vu My Linh i ABSTRACT Thesis Title: Factors affecting firm’s performance: A case study of listed manufacturing companies in Vietnam. Pages: 70 Institution: VNU – International School Date: October, 2023 Degree: Master Author: Vu My Linh Supervisor: Dr.
Le Thi Thu Huong Keywords: Firm’s performance, Manufacturing, Factors, Finance This thesis aimed to evaluate the influencing factors on the performance of manufacturing firms listed on the Hanoi Stock Exchange (HNX) and Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE). Data was collected on 160 manufacturing firms listed on the HNX and HOSE from 2015 to 2022. The thesis uses mixed research method, both qualitative and quantitative. For the quantitative research method, the supporting tool are Excel and Stata 13 software.
The results via Fixed Effects Model (FEM) regression method show the impacts of factors with the following observed variables: the Financial Leverage (LEV) and Firm Age (AGE) have an opposite impact on firm’s performance (ROA and ROE model) when Firm Size (SIZE) has a positive impact on firm’s performance. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In this difficult journey of researching and completing my master's thesis, I would like to express my sincere thanks to the people and organizations who have supported, guided, and encouraged me in this process, which could not have been completed without their valuable contribution. I would like to dedicate this section to expressing my deep gratitude and gratitude to those who have been by my side, support, and dedication in my research journey and writing this dissertation. First and foremost, I would like to express my special gratitude to Dr.
Le Thi Thu Huong. Thanks to her knowledge and dedicated support and guidance, I had the opportunity to complete this thesis. She is not only an instructor, but also a great source of encouragement, always making me feel strong and confident when facing the challenges of study and research. Her sincere advice and profound guidance not only helped me complete my thesis excellently but also created a memorable learning journey.
I will always remember and cherish her valuable contributions. I would also like to express my sincere gratitude to the lecturers and friends at the International School - Hanoi National University. The knowledge and lessons learned at school and from friends are important help and support in the development and completion of this thesis. I also express my deep gratitude to my family and friends who have always been by my side, encouraged and shared with me throughout this process.
Their words of encouragement and unconditional support have played an important role in carrying me through difficulties and challenges. Finally, I would like to say a big thank you to everyone who has supported, contributed and shared knowledge, helping me to complete this thesis. Thank you to everyone and I'm so proud of the thesis results achieved together. Thank you! Author Vu My Linh iii LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Statistics describing variables .2 Correlation coefficient matrix betthe thesisen variables .3 The result of calculating the VIF coefficient for independent variables .4 Hausman Test Results .5 Estimation results for the model with the dependent variable ROA.6 Estimation results for model with dependent variable ROE .7 Research Results vs.61 iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 Overview of corporate firm’s performance .1 Firm size of manufacturing enterprises .2 Firm’s performance ROA by size .3 Firm’s performance ROE by size .4 Firm’s performance ROA by age .5 Firm’s performance ROE by age .6 Firm’s performance ROA by financial leverage .7 Firm’s performance ROE by financial leverage .8 Firm’s performance ROA by liquidity .9 Firm’s performance ROE by liquidity .10 Firm’s performance ROA by growth .11 Firm’s performance ROE by growth .12 Firm’s performance ROA by assets turnover.13 Firm’s performance ROE by assets turnover .52 v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS No.
ABBREVIATION DESCRIPTION 1 AGE Firm Age 2 ASTOV Assets Turnover 3 FEM Fixed Effect Model 4 GLS Generalized least squares 5 GROWTH Annual Revenue Growth Rate 6 HOSE Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange 7 HNX Hanoi Stock Exchange 8 LEV Leverage 9 LIQ Liquidity 10 OLS Ordinary Least Squares 11 PM Performance Measurement 12 REM Random Effect Model 13 ROA Return on Assets 14 ROE Return on Equity 15 SIZE Firm Size vi TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP. iii LIST OF TABLES. iv LIST OF FIGURES .v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS.
vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION. Research Objectives and Research Questions. Scope of Research and Study Subjects. Scope of Research.
Theoretical and practical contributions of the topic .6 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL BACKGROUND. The concept and methods of measuring the performance of the enterprise. Internal factors affecting the firm’s performance. Financial Leverage Factor.
Annual Revenue Growth Rate Factor. Firm Size Factor. Firm Age Factor. Assets Turnover Factor.
RESEARCH METHODS AND MODELS. Choosing data processing method. Research data and data collection sources. Identify the research sample.
Data collection sources. Current situation of firm's performance of manufacturing enterprises in Vietnam in the period of 2015 – 2022. Introduction of manufacturing enterprises. Peculiarities of manufacturing enterprises.
Authentic verification of factors affecting firm's performance of manufacturing enterprises. Choosing of estimation method. Results of regression model estimation. The estimation result for the model with the dependent variable is ROA 58 viii 4.
The estimation result for the model with the dependent variable is ROE 60 4. Analysis of research results. Analysis of factors that have no effect on firm's performance. Analysis of factors that have an impact on firm's performance.
Results achieved in theoretical research. Results achieved in terms of practical significance .74 ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1. Research problems Globalization and technological advances have intensified competition among businesses. To succeed, companies must identify opportunities, address challenges, and maintain efficient operations.
Effective management, accurate predictions, and sustained performance are vital. A business's ability to manage resources and adapt to fierce competition dictates its survival. Maximizing profits and assessing factors impacting profitability are crucial. A firm's good performance serves as a foundation for growth and innovation, crucial in today's competitive landscape.Therefore, the goal of managers and researchers is the way to evaluate the performance of the organization.
In addition, the method of measuring firm’s performance of enterprises is also an important factor of interest to academic researchers and practical managers. Researchers have been constantly looking for more ways to express concepts effectively. In this regard, there have been documents and debates regarding the issue of the results of activities of the enterprise. Previous studies have found many factors that affect firm’s performance.
Including factors derived from the external environment of the enterprise and also factors derived from the internal self of the business. At the same time, each business line has its own characteristics, so businesses operating in different business lines are affected by different groups of factors. To date, there have been many studies, both theoretical and empirical, examining the factors that affect firm’s performance. For example, the capital structure of a business reflects the level of debt and equity used to finance the assets of the business.
Specifically, the extent to which debt is used will affect managers' behavior as well as their financial decisions; therefore, it greatly affects the results of operations of the business (Ben Said Hatem, 2014; Hoang Tung, 2016; Zahid Bashir et al 2013; Ho Xuan Thuy et al, 2020). Numerous empirical studies have demonstrated financial control as the backbone of organizational activity in the business world (Morley et al. In this view, financial control contributes to strengthening budget control for employees and bringing better benefits to employees and organizations in order to improve the performance of the organization. Likewise, Ekadjaja et al, (2021) 1 emphasize that the importance of financial control over an organization's operations includes organizational effectiveness and firm’s performance.
Meanwhile, previous studies on financial factors affecting the firm’s performance of enterprises listed on the Vietnam Stock Exchange have not received much attention. An understanding of the determinants that affect the efficiency of a business is key to helping shareholders or investors better understand whether the capital they spend in a business will profit or lose; so, they can limit risks. Therefore, this study is carried out to study the factors affecting the efficiency of manufacturing companies listed on the Vietnamese stock market is necessary. Previous studies have found models used to measure firm’s performance.
So far, there have been many studies both theoretical and empirical examining the model of measuring firm’s performance. For example: ROE is the ratio of return on equity and is an index comparing operating results between businesses based on the size of invested capital, and ROA is different from ROE, which is an index of return on total assets, and comparing operating results between businesses based on the assessment of the use of money in business (Hoang Tung, 2016). Reinforcement, the scholar (Ekadjaja et al. 2021) asserts that a high ROA indicates that a company's performance is strong, ROA is used to measure the performance of a business.
The researcher (Ben Said Hatem, 2014) also uses ROA, ROE is a measure of the firm’s performance in Europe from which to study the financial factors that strongly affect the firm’s performance. Therefore, the indicator that the author chooses to use in the model to measure business results of manufacturing enterprises is the indicator of firm’s performance in financial terms, most commonly the rate of return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). As mentioned above, the research problem has been carried out by many authors in the world and also in the country. However, in the current context, author carry out the research topic with a representative sample of manufacturing enterprises listed on the Vietnamese stock market for the following two reasons: Firstly, the manufacturing industry is an industry where Vietnam has many advantages and potentials.
The manufacturing industry in our country in general and manufacturing enterprises in particular are increasingly heating up with the entry of 2 a series of domestic and foreign investors. In recent years, with the advantage of a young population country and strong urbanization, the Vietnamese market has become a target market for many retail giants from Japan, Korea and Thailand. In this context, manufacturing enterprises are facing significant competitive pressures. In addition, concerns about being taken over and suppressed by foreign businesses are well founded.
From the perspective of manufacturing business managers in Vietnam, the issue of studying factors affecting the performance of manufacturing enterprises in the current period is very necessary. After the economic turmoil, the resurgence of the economy has paralleled an augmented demand for manufactured goods. However, the indigenous manufacturing enterprises often portray a demeanor of restraint in comparison to their global counterparts. Within the domestic landscape, there's a conspicuous scarcity of sizeable and fiercely competitive entities within the manufacturing sector.
It is evident that a considerable number of local companies fail to match the scale and influence wielded by foreign counterparts.