BANKING ACADEMY ADVANCED PROGRAM FINANCE FACULTY Topic: THE EFFECT OF LIQUIDITY ON FIRM PERFORMANCE OF MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY: CASE OF VIETNAM Supervisor Nguyen Quynh Trang Student name Luong Ha Giang Student code 23A4010171 Class K23CLC-TCB Course 2020-2024 Hanoi,2nd of May,2024 ACKNOWLEGDEMENT During the period of completing my thesis, I would like to express my gratitude for the dedicated guidance from my supervisor, Dr. Nguyen Quynh Trang. Thanks to her guidance, I was able to identify the shortcomings of my thesis as well as my own deficiencies in the process. Her guidance helped me recognize areas where my thinking and presentation could be improved, leading to the continual refinement of my thesis.
Additionally, I would like to thank the support and instruction from the faculty at the Banking Academy. Although they did not directly supervise me during the thesis process, the foundational knowledge I gained from courses at the university provided me with the necessary background and expertise to successfully complete my thesis. Their dedication to imparting knowledge to successive generations of students not only aided me in completing this final task of my student life but also instilled in me attitudes towards work, collaboration, and facing life's challenges that I believe will accompany me in future endeavors. Finally, I am grateful for the invaluable opportunity I experienced during my internship, which greatly contributed to my thesis work.
I would like to thank the business department of Yuanta Vietnam Limited Liability Securities Company for providing me with the opportunity to apply the theoretical knowledge learned in school and for imparting practical knowledge to newly graduated students. In conclusion, I sincerely thank my family, the colleagues in the business department who guided me, the members of the "Nhảy nút nào" and "Hết kỳ đi food tour Hải Phòng" groups who accompanied me throughout the thesis process, and I extend my deepest gratitude to the "incredibly special sister" Luong Phuoc Nguyen for her tremendous support. With the assistance of everyone, I can successfully complete my thesis. I am truly grateful for everything.
i DECLERATION I, as the student conducting this study, solemnly declare that the topic "The effect of liquidity on firm performance of manufacturing industry: case of Vietnam" is my own research based on the guidance of Dr. Nguyen Quynh Trang, lecturer of the Finance Faculty. I affirm that this research is not plagiarized from any other study. I assure that this research was conducted diligently and the data used is honest, with proper citation.
All information in the thesis is cited according to the regulations set by the Finance Department of the Banking Academy. If any dishonesty is discovered, I take full responsibility for this declaration. The student conducted the research (Signed and clearly stated full name) (Signed) Lương Hà Giang ii THE ABBREVIATION LIST Abbreviation Full meaning CCC Cash Conversion Cycle CFR Cash flow ratio Coef. Coefficient CR Current ratio D/E Debt-to-equity DIO Day of inventory outstanding DPO Days payable outstanding DSO Days sales outstanding FDI Foreign direct investment FEM Fixed effects model FS Firm size GDP Gross Domestic Product GPM Gross Profit Margin HOSE Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange IIP Industrial Production Index IR Inflation rate ITO Inventory Turnover Ratio LTAs Long-term assets OLS Ordinary least squares regression QR Quick ratio REM Random effects model ROA Return on Equity ROE Return on Assets ROS Return on sales STAs Short-term assets TA Tangible assets iii THE ABBREVIATION LIST EPS Earning per shares VAS Vietnam Accounting Standards USD United States dollar VND Vietnamese dong CSR Corporate social responsibility iv THE TABLE LIST Chart 1: The Index Industrial for Production 2019-2023.
32 Table 1: Variables in the model. The data overview result. The multicollinearity checks. 40 Table 6: The OLS regression model with ROE dependent variable.
42 Table 7: The OLS regression model with ROA dependent variable. 44 Table 8: FEM model with the dependence ROE. 45 Table 9: REM model with the dependence ROE. FEM model with the dependence ROA.
The Hausman test FEM, REM for ROE. The Hausman test FEM, REM for ROA. Summary the result. 57 v THE CHART LIST Chart 1: The Index Industrial for Production 2019-2023.
32 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEGDEMENT.ii THE ABBREVIATION LIST.iii THE ABBREVIATION LIST. iv THE TABLE LIST. v THE CHART LIST. Necessity of the thesis:.
Objective and Scope of Study. Objective of Study. Method of research. 10 CHAPTER I: THEORETICAL OVERVIEW ON THE IMPACT OF LIQUIDITY ON FIRM PERFORMANCE.
In Vietnam researches. Introduction to liquidity and firm performance. Introduction of liquidity risk. Liquidity measurement in a corporate.
Ways to calculate liquidity in a business. Definition of firm performance. Criteria for valuating the performance of a firm. Criteria for evaluating the operations of a company in the manufacturing sectors.
Inventory turn over:. Return on sales (ROS). The impact of liquidity and other factors on firm performance of manufacturing industry. 30 CHAPTER II: RESEARCH METHODS AND RESEARCH DATA.
Reality of manufacturing industries in Viet Nam from 2019-2023. 32 Chart 1: The Index Industrial for Production 2019-2023. Research data description:. Research method and research model.
37 CHAPTER III: MODEL OF TESTING THE IMPACT OF LIQUIDITY ON FIRM PERFORMANCE OF MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY. The multicollinearity models. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression model. The fixed Effects Model (FEM) and Random Effects Model (REM).
The Hausman test. Summaries the research results. 57 CHAPTER IV: CONCLUSION AND SOME RECOMMENDATIONS OF LIQUIDITY MANAGEMENT AND ENHANCING THE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY’S FIRM PERFORMANCE. Limitations of the research model and proposed future research directions.
Some recommendation to improve liquidity of Vietnam manufacturing sectors for the enterprises:. Some recommendation to improve liquidity of Vietnam manufacturing sectors for the governments:. 67 Appendix: Companies in this study. Necessity of the thesis: The efficiency of corporate operations stands as a paramount concern for both managerial personnel and investors due to its pivotal role in optimizing corporate outcomes.
Various factors, intrinsic to operational efficiency enhancement, exert influence over a company's performance. These factors necessitate astute analysis and measurement by seasoned management to craft optimal strategies. Moreover, in the aftermath of the Covid-19 crisis, the global and Vietnamese economies have embarked on a trajectory of recovery and growth. Nonetheless, the resultant repercussions have left numerous enterprises, both domestic and foreign, grappling with resource scarcities and insufficient resilience to sustain operations.
Hence, this dissertation endeavors to scrutinize the impact of liquidity on operational effectiveness and delineate the quantifiable metrics of such influences. Presently, extensive research, domestically and internationally, has been conducted on this matter. However, the heterogeneous nature of economic events and distinct economic landscapes among nations underscore the varying degrees of liquidity's influence. Consequently, how liquidity will shape the effectiveness of corporate operations in Vietnam, particularly within sectors ripe with growth prospects like the manufacturing industry, warrants exploration.
Despite their current minor contribution to the national GDP, these industries exhibit comparatively tepid growth as well as other industries. To help business managers better manage their companies and shareholders gain deeper understanding of their businesses, the chosen topic for the thesis by the author is " The factors that impact of liquidity on firm performance of manufacturing industry: Case of Viet Nam ". Objective and Scope of Study. Objective of Study.
The thesis graduation focuses on the impact of the assessments that affect to the liquidity factors: such as the average inventory turnover period, average accounts receivable collection 9 period, average accounts payable payment period, and cash conversion cycle on key performance indicators including return on assets, return on equity, quick ratio, inventory turnover ratio, current ratio and operating cash ratio; subsequently formulating recommendations. With the aforementioned research objective, the author delineates the following issues necessitating explication in this study: (1) Reviewing the theoretical basis on the factors that impact of liquidity on firm performance of manufacturing industry. (2) Measuring the impact of factors on liquidity on firm performance of manufacturing corporates in Viet Nam. (3) Proposing solution based on the model’s conclusion to decrease the impact of the factors in the future.
Method of research Research Methodology: The article utilizes Stata17 software to compare various statistical models such as Pearson correlation matrix, ordinary least squares regression (OLS), random effects model (REM), and fixed effects model (FEM) to assess the impact of liquidity on firm performance of the corporate sector. Research Space: In term of space, the article focuses on companies listed of Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE) within the manufacturing sectors. As for the time, the research utilize data from companies that have been working during the time from 2020 to 2023. Research Structure The structure of the research included 5 chapters, namely: Chapter 1: Literature review: Chapter 2: Theoretical overview on the impact of liquidity on firm performance 10 Chapter 3: Research methods and research data: Chapter 4: Model of testing the impact of liquidity on firm performance of manufacturing industry: Chapter 5: Conclusion and some recommendations of liquidity management and enhancing the manufacturing industry’s firm performance: 11 CHAPTER I: THEORETICAL OVERVIEW ON THE IMPACT OF LIQUIDITY ON FIRM PERFORMANCE.
The manufacturing industry in Vietnam has experienced significant growth over past few decades that not any industry in the society can not replaceable. This is a particularly influential sector affected by the fluidity of cash flow within its operational cycle. Hence, the question arises: does a company's liquidity affect the operational outcomes of the industrial sector? Depending on how we approach this question and the assumptions we make, liquidity may or may not influence the operational results of industrial enterprises. The liquidity of businesses has caught the attention of researchers, who often use it as a key factor in their studies.
To be easy to understand, liquidity refers to the ease and quickness with which the assets can be converted to cash (without significant loss in value).1If something in the condition of highly liquid, you can sell it fast without losing much money, usually lots of people are buying and selling it. Companies usually like to invest in stuff that’s easy to sell, like things with high liquidity. These assets, which from a substantial part of a company’s holdings, are crucial for managing risks and ensuring smooth operations. The purpose of this paper is to explore the payment capabilities of businesses, a crucial consideration for contemporary enterprises.
In addition, it seeks to determine whether it is more advantageous for companies to invest in highly liquid assets or less liquid ones. Above that, many authors still have been auguring that firms maintain excess liquidity to take advantage of profitable future investment opportunities, the others argues that firms maintain excess liquidity to meet unexpected contingencies.2 First and foremost, lets mention about one of the most famous researches that mention about the theory of liquidity. By Keynes (1936), he published “The General Theory of Employment, Internet and Money”, stated that three reasons for the desire why people holding cash, which are (1) transactions, (2) precautionary, and (3) speculative. Keyne’s theory has become the cornerstone of subsequent research conducted by numerous other authors in the fields.
12 CW Waswa, MS Mukras, D Oima (2018), conducted research on the impact of liquidity on the financial performance of the Sugar Industry in Kenya. Their results reveal that a company’s ability to cover short-term debts with liquidity assets is high and tends to worsen firm performance. The research also suggests that maintaining plenty of easily accessible cash on hand doesn’t necessarily make a company financially stronger. Additionally, when a company’s ability to cover current debt is low, it negatively affects firm performance.
The research implies that companies in Kenya’s sugar industry often struggle with low or negative cash flow, high debt levels, and a lack of effective strategies for managing assets and liabilities, all of which hurt their financial performance. Kariuki, Muturi, and Njeru (2021) examined the influence of liquidity on the financial performance of insurance companies in Kenya.