THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY DO THI QUYNH TRANG EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURE ON THE GERMINATION OF CUCUMBER SEEDS BACHELOR THESIS Study mode: Full-time Major: Environmental Science and Management Faculty: Advanced Education Program Office Batch: 2014 - 2018 Thai Nguyen, 16/09/2018 h DOCUMENT PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name Do Thi Quynh Trang Student ID DTN1454290031 Effect of low temperature on the germination of cucumber Thesis Title seeds Dr. Duong Van Thao Supervisor (s) Assist. San-Gwang Hwang Supervisor’s signature (s) Abstract: Poor seed germination is a common phenomenon at sub-optimal temperatures which causes a great concern for farmers. Several priming treatments have been reported to test for the seed resistance at different temperatures, particularly at low temperatures.
In this study, six cucumber cultivars (CU-87, CU- 127, Cuigu, Kappa summer no. 7, Kappa summer no. 11and CU-74) were used to perform in four different temperatures (10℃, 15℃, 20℃ and 25℃), to compare the germination and cold tolerance of seeds under low temperature conditions. There are five experiments were performed and each experiment was run in three replications.
The results showed that cucumber was not suitable at low temperature and tolerance of cucumber in poor chilling conditions. The germination was highest at 25℃ and 20℃ but seeds also germinated readily at 15℃ and no germination was observed at 10℃. Pre-treatment of seeds in hot water for 10 minutes had only minor ii h effect on germination rate. Key words: Low temperature, chilling, germination, low treatment, rate root, cucumber.
Number Pages: 45 Date of Submission: 16/09/2018 iii h ACKNOWDLEDGEMENT I would like firstly to emphasize the sincere appreciation to teachers in Advance Education Program Office as well as teachers in Thai Nguyen University of Agricultural and Forestry, who have taught me knowledge not only for my subjects but also for my living skills and gave me a chance to do my thesis abroad. In addition, I would like to thank all supports and help from Department of Horticulture, National Chung Hsing University for the time I did my research in Taiwan. It is my pleasure to work with a great teacher - Assistant Professor San-Gwang Hwang, who always helped me any time. He also gave me the best conditions, supported all materials for my research and discussed about any problems I got whenever I did experiments in his Vegetable Laboratory.
Indeed, without his help this study would not have been possible. I am thankful that he provided me an opportunity to establish my knowledge. I would like to give special thanks to Dr. Duong Van Thao, who always supported and cheered me up whole the time I worked over-sea.
He also helps me a lot on spending much time for checking my thesis report. I sincerely respect him for his devotion to work, simplicity, his care, cooperation and encouragement during the study period. I consider it is an honor to work with Mr. Wayne, a master student, who particularly helpful in guiding me toward a qualitative methodology and inspiring me in whole period of internship time.
He was always helpful, friendly and very kind with me. Without his guidance, I cannot complete this thesis. iv h Finally, I would like to express my gratitude to my family and friends, who always beside me all the time. Their helps, supports and encouragement created the pump leading me to success.
Sincerely, Do Thi Quynh Trang v h TABLE OF CONTENT ACKNOWDLEDGEMENT. iv TABLE OF CONTENT. vi LIST OF FIGURES. viii LIST OF TABLES.
viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. Research questions and hypothesis. An overview about the experiment. Factors influence the germination of seeds.
Cell membrane on the germination of seeds. Relative electrical conductivity (EC). Final germination percentage (FGP), days to 50% germination and 80% germination. Relative electrical conductivity (EC).
Respiratory production rate (CO2). Ethylene production rate (C2H4). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION .38 vii h LIST OF FIGURES Figure 4.1 Effect of temperature on root growth for 7 days .2 The root of 6 cultivars at 10℃ after 7 days .3 The root of 6 cultivars at 15℃ after 7 days .4 The root of 6 cultivars at 20℃ after 7 days .5 The root of 6 cultivars at 25℃ after 7 days .6 Effects of tolerance on relativity electrolyte conductivity .7 Seeds respiration rates at different temperature .8 Ethylene production rate change in seed within low temperature. 34 viii h LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Cucumber seeds information .1 Germination ability at four temperatures in six cucumber cultivars .2 Effect of germination temperature on the time to 50% germination.3 Effect of germination temperature on the time to 80% germination.
21 ix h LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CO2 The respiration C2H4 The ethylene EC Electrical conductivity EC0 Electrical conductivity of the seeds after put in 4 different temperature levels for 24 hours EC1 Electrical conductivity of the seeds after bath in 95℃ hot water for 1 hour x h PART I. Research rationale The phrases climate change and global warming and more recently global cooling are now part of our life. Climate change has come upon us in a relatively short space of time and is accelerating with alarming speed. It is perhaps the most serious problem that the civilized world has had to face.
Earth’s climate is in a nonstop state of change; it is inherent in the dynamic nature of our planet. Changes in the basic components that influence the state of the Earth’s climatic system can occur externally (from extraterrestrial systems) or internally (from oceans, atmosphere, and land systems) through any one of the described components. For example, an external change may include a variation in the sun’s production which would externally vary the amount of solar radiation received. Internal variations in the Earth's climate system may be due to changes in atmospheric concentrations, mountain formation, volcanic activity, and surface or atmospheric changes.
These forces will continue to have a major effect on our future climate. The influence of global warming is now can be seen in many parts of the world. Abnormality in climate patterns, caused by rapid warming, have begun to affect a catchment specific hydrologic cycle. Scientists believe that rapid warming in the last several decades are mostly due to human induced changes in the atmosphere, on top of some natural variations.
Impacts of climate change are complex as they can be both direct and indirect, the biggest casualty being natural resources such as agriculture and horticulture. High temperatures lead to a high rate of evaporation and dry conditions in some areas in the world. Severe weather events are now more common. Environmental 1 h stresses shows the most important limiting conditions for horticultural productivity and plant exploitation worldwide.
Climate change has led to erratic weather, where long droughts and severe freezing occur greatly affecting the growth of crops, one of those is cucumbers. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), a warm-season crop, germinates at optimal temperatures of 24 to 28°C (Staub and Wehner 1996). Fluctuating temperatures encountered in many production areas during the early part of the growing season may negatively influence germination and seedling growth in cucumber (Kłosińska et al. Cultivars with low temperature tolerance are currently unavailable, although differences in response to chilling temperatures were found among the cultivars present on the market.
Cucumber cultigens differ in their requirements for the optimal and minimal temperature or germination (Kłosińska et al. This might be associated with the geographic region they originated from. Lower (1975) demonstrated that 11 cucumber cultivars exhibited differences in germination speeds at temperatures between 14 and 17°C. Cultivars developed in the northern part of the United States were better cold germinators than those developed in the southern part of the U.
The exception was ‘Pixie’, with good cold germination ability even it originating from the South. Similarly, Wehner (1981, 1982) found differences in days to germination at 15℃ among 203 cucumber breeding lines and cultivars (from 3.3), but not at 20°C. Significant differences were found also among 15 cucumber cultivars when germinated at 15°C, but not at 25°C. In this study, we wanted to conduct experiments on 6 cultivars originating from Japan, which is: CU-87, CU-127, Cuigu, Kappa Summer no.
7, Kappa Summer no. To test how the low temperature affects the germination of seeds of cucumber and which temperature levels are appropriate for the development of this plant. Research objectives The main purpose of this research is to identify how low temperature affected the germination and growth of cucumber seeds and where is suitable temperature for the development of these type of seeds. Research questions and hypothesis 1.
Research questions The study aims to address the following questions: - Does the low temperature might not affect the germination and growth of cucumber seeds? - What are the ideal temperatures for the grow of cucumber seeds? 1. Hypothesis - H0 (Null hypothesis): Cucumber seeds will not affect by low temperature. - Ha (Alternative hypothesis): Cucumber seed will affect by low temperature. Limitations Japanese cucumber seeds were grown under cold conditions.
Because individual seed adapted differently to the environmental temperature, therefore some of experimental results were not completely accurate. Definition 3 h - Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Cucumber is a type of flowering plant that regarding to the pumpkin family. This plant originates from South Asia. Cultivation of cucumber started 3000 years ago in India and it quickly spread out to the rest of the world.
Cucumber was popular and often used type of vegetable in the ancient Egypt and Rome. It is still one of the most widely used plants in human meal. Cucumber grows best in warm condition, subtropical climate, in sunny areas on a fertile and well drained soil. People plant cucumbers mostly as a source of food.
Some kinds of cucumber are cultivated in ornamental purposes. Most seeds of the cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) produce long, slender cucumbers that have skins that are thin enough to be eaten without being peeled. While almost seeds produce either slicing or pickling cucumbers, there are hybrid and foreign varieties that may notice the home gardener. Do not gather seeds for planting from cucumbers that are at the eating stage.
These seeds are not mature and will not germinate. Let the cucumbers developed before you collect the seeds. Collect cucumbers to select seeds at the end of the growing season. - Electrical conductivity (EC): EC stands for electrical conductivity, which determine the potential for a material to conduct electricity.
Even though most farmers are familiar with measuring the amount of feeding that they have to give in ounces per gallon, grams per liter, or any other measuring units used, EC goes a little further than this. When growing, it is important to have a good understanding of what EC is all about and its significance to the farmer. 4 h In this study EC is based on the fact that seeds, when soaked in water, exude ions, sugars and other metabolites, from the starting of the soaking period, due to change in the integrity of the cell membranes, as a function of water amount and of the level of seed deterioration (Fessel et al. In deteriorated seeds, the repair mechanism is absent or inefficient, or the membranes are completely damaged, thus permitting leaching of larger electrolyte amounts.
LITERATURE REVIEW The quality of seeds germination is determined by all its performance determining properties, such as temperature, ethylene and respiration production, cell membrane. Many factors at each process unit which can influence the germination quality. These factors can be measured by various techniques. An overview about the experiment Chilling injury is a physiological disorder that occurs in sensitive plants subjected to non-freezing temperatures below 12°C (Saltveit and Morris 1990).
Sensitive plants include those of tropical and subtropical origin (e., avocados, bananas, cotton, maize and rice) and some temperate plants (e., asparagus and some apple cultivars).