UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY International School of Business ------------------------------ Phan Thi Thuy Mai KEY FACTORS AFFECTING INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING RETURN. AN EXAMINATION OF COMPANIES GOING PUBLIC IN VIETNAM. MASTER OF BUSINESS (Honours) Ho Chi Minh City – Year 2013 123doc UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY International School of Business ------------------------------ Phan Thi Thuy Mai KEY FACTORS AFFECTING INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING RETURN. AN EXAMINATION OF COMPANIES GOING PUBLIC IN VIETNAM.
ID: MBUS111021 MASTER OF BUSINESS (Honours) SUPERVISOR: Dr. Pham Quoc Hung Ho Chi Minh City – Year 2013 123doc ABSTRACT This research aims at identifying main factors affecting on IPO return of companies going public in Vietnam. I took a simple random sample of 166 from all the companies that have come up with an IPO since 2007 to the third quarter of 2013 in Vietnam’s Stock exchange to identify the relationship between Underwriter prestige, Total asset, Leverage, A g e ( Number of years from the year founded to the year prior to IPO), Percentage of state ownership after IPO and Number of shares offered when IPO (independent variables) with the IPO return (dependent variable). IPO return is one of the most attractive investments in every stock market.
By using the published data that can be acquired by general investors, I investigate those data which have relations to the return of IPO. Finally, I develop and test the prediction model. Keywords: Initial public offerings, IPO Return, underwriter prestige, total asset, leverage, state ownership. 1 123doc ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Firstly, I would like to send my sincere thanks to my supervisor, Dr.
Pham Quoc Hung for his enthusiastic support during the research. He has helped me take the knowledge, know the way of research in order to complete this thesis. Secondly, I would like to thank the faculty and staff of International School of Business (ISB) – University of Economy Ho Chi Minh, especially Prof. Nguyen Dinh Tho, who has explained clearly and simply during the Research Design For Master Thesis; and Prof.
Dinh Thai Hoang, who has instructed me how to do research through the Data analysis by SPSS. Thirdly, I am grateful to my friends and my classmates from ISB MBUS1 for sharing knowledge to me. Finally, I thank very much to my family and specially to my husband for their support, understanding and encouragement through my life, particularly in this time. Sincerely thanks all.
Phan Thi Thuy Mai Dong Nai, September 2013 2 123doc TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 3 LIST OF TABLES. 6 LIST OF FIGURES.
Outline of study. The concept of IPO. Definition of IPO. Requirements of IPO.
Advantages and disadvantages in IPO. The concept of IPO Return. Related research and hypothesis development. Leverage of the year prior to IPO.
Volume of IPO (Number of shares offered when IPO). Hypotheses and research model. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Data description and correlation analysis.
Multiple regression analysis .57 4 123doc Appendix 1: Data of companies going public in Vietnam ………….65 Appendix 3: Normality and Heteroskedasticity. Appendix 4: MLR between IPO return and independent variables.68 5 123doc LIST OF TABLES Table 3.3: Pearson Correlation Matrix……………………………….49 6 123doc LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: The Research model …………………………….1: Number of IPOs from 2007 to the third quarter 2013 …. Background Vietnam Stock Exchange has been in operation for 12 years and has gradually established itself in the market economy, contributing to the success of the market with participation of the members of the State, the business organizations, the securities of listed companies and investors. Along with development of the market economy in Vietnam, the trend of economic globalization, waves of new business flowing into our country, needs to exist and thrive in a competitive environment are forcing enterprises, especially state enterprises, to provide transparency of management mechanisms.
Thereby, we can also see the role of stock market in general and in particular to the development of national economy. The more reputation a company gains in business, the more attention from the investors it gets on the first issue of larger stocks. The initial public offering (IPO) is a very important step, it marks a new period of development of the company. Although IPO has been made for about twelve years in Vietnam, it is still pretty weak compared with the world.
There are many questions such as how IPO should be understood, how to proceed with IPO, the benefits of an IPO and what key factors affecting IPO return in order to have an successful IPO. From these things, I do research with the topic: “Key factors affecting Initial public offering (IPO) return. An examination of Companies going public in Vietnam.” The study identified the following 8 123doc specific objectives: identifying of key factors affecting IPO return in Vietnam; and measuring the impact of these factors on IPO return in Vietnam. Research problems At present, determination of IPO price is primarily made by bidding in Vietnam.
However, knowledge of the majority of investors remains limited. In addition, information provided by enterprises is not really enough so the investors do not have a solid base to determine a reasonable bidding price. As a result, such price might be too low that the investor fails to win the bid or might be too high that causes losses to the investor. Businesses carry out an IPO to mobilize certain initial capital, generally to finance a new project.
Before carrying out an IPO, a business must determine starting price and number of shares to be issued in order to ensure sufficient capital. If price after IPO is higher than expected, the IPO-resulted capital will be higher than the initial one. It does matter that how the business makes use of such surplus capital efficiently. If the business spends such capital to pay out dividend, it will create high expectation of future growth of the business for investors, because the business is only able to raise dividend when the business makes sure to maintain this ratio in the future.
But in fact it is different. The dividends do not come from investment return of current projects, but because the business fails to seek a new project to spend this capital. 9 123doc If the business uses this capital to invest into another project, this project must secure rate of return that is either greater or equal to the required rate of return of former projects done by the business, otherwise the use of such surplus capital resulted from the IPO will be of no efficiency for the business due to decrease in average rate of return of the business. Nevertheless, for now in Vietnam, some businesses see that it is easier to obtain equity financing than debt financing, so they launch IPO with numerous quantity instead of borrowing funds, resulting to change in structure of target capital.
Besides, some businesses spend a significant amount of this capital to clear former debt. With decrease in debt-to-equity ratio, interests from tax shield acquired by the business will be reduced that goes against the purpose of IPO. In addition, if such surplus capital is resulted from IPO done by large enterprises, corporations, it can be used to invest into subsidiary companies that brings about misestimating the growth of subsidiary companies. Once these subsidiary companies issue stocks, stock prices will be high due to market expectation for these companies.
This creates the so-called price bubble – market prices fail to reflect real value of the company. Determination of IPO price is very important because it affects stock prices after IPO. Probably right after IPO, stocks of the business will be listed and traded on the formal market. Then listed price will be determined as average bidding price.
If such price is high, it reflects investors’ high expectation for the 10 123doc business. Therefore, the business must operate in such a way to meet the expectation, it means efficient utilization of the acquired capital. The capital will be of efficiency when the rate of return from initial capital -financed project is higher than the average rate of return of former projects. If this rate of return is lower than the average rate of return of former projects, it shows inefficient utilization of IPO-resulted initial capital that will cause losses to shareholders and stock prices will go down at next IPO.
Possibly until one year after IPO, the business’ stocks will only be listed and traded on formal market. Then if the average bidding price is taken as listed price, it does not reflect real value of the business at listing time. After one year in operation, the initial capital–financed project will bring rate of return that is higher than the average rate of ratio from former projects and enhance value of the company. At that time, real value of the company will be greater than that at time of IPO.
The listed price will be the low pricing of the company’s value. This is opportunity for well-informed people to seek profits when purchasing shares whose value is lower than their real value. If the initial capital –financed project brings rate of return that is lower than the average rate of return from former projects, it will lessen the company’s value against the time of IPO. The listed price will be the high pricing of the company’s value.
It is a fairly important decision to transfer a company to a public one. Once it becomes a public company, it is required to consider whether it is able to meet requirements on finance and sufficient infrastructure for an IPO? And which 11 123doc factors affecting IPO return to drive company leaders to make right decision. The research questions that are discussed in this thesis are as below: - What are the key factors affecting IPO return in Vietnam Stock Exchange? - How to measure the impact of these factors on IPO return in Vietnam Stock Exchange? - How can these factors and determinants be developed and evaluated in order to have a successful IPO? 1. Research objectives The study identified the following specific objectives: - To identify key factors affecting IPO return in Vietnam Stock Exchange; - To measure the impact of these factors on IPO return in Vietnam Stock Exchange.
Research scope Firstly, the study just focuses on the relationship between underwriter prestige, total asset, leverage, A g e - number of years from the year founded to the year prior to IPO, percentage of shares owned by the Vietnamese government after IPO and number of shares offered upon IPO (independent variables) with the IPO return (dependent variable). 12 123doc Secondly, this research focuses on firms that have IPO in Vietnam Stock Exchange from 2007 to the third quarter of 2013. The data of this research is deeply based on market data from websites: www.vn and www. Outline of study This research includes five chapters as below: Chapter 1: “Introduction” generally introduces the subject with defined problems, research questions, research objectives, and sources of information to be collected for the research.
Chapter 2: “Literature Review” summarizes concepts and theories relating to IPO Return, Underwriter prestige, Total asset, Leverage, Number of years from the year founded to the year prior to IPO, Percentage of state ownership after IPO, Number of shares offered when IPO, and the relationship among them. From such reviews, basic theories for studying will be synthesized to develop an initial research model and hypotheses used for the research. Chapter 3: “Research Method”. Research methodology concerned in chapter one, literature review and empirical model presented in chapter two, this chapter particularly presents the research design, research process, measurement scales, sampling & data collection and data analysis.
Chapter 4: “Data analysis & result”. This chapter show result of data analysis process, the proposed hypotheses and the result of hypothesis.