PREFACE Nowaday, courses in translation are obligatory for students of foreign languages departments in many universities but available textbooks for such courses are few. This material is compiled for English major students of FBU with an attemp to equip them with terms and typical structures related to 6 main issues: social, agriculture, economy, and technology, financial & banking and business issues. In order to help students become better translators and enjoy the subject, most of the exercises involve translating from or into their mother tongue. This Translation course material is divided into 3 main parts: PART I: TRANSLATION PRACTICE PART II: SELF-COMMENT ON AVAILABLE TRANSLATION PART III: REFERENCE TRANSLATION The first part will provide 24 lessons focusing on six issues mentioned above, the second part will be 59 available translations for students to evaluate and the last part is for futher reference translation about State administrative system in Vietnam.
By the end of the course, students will be able to: - Get familiar with and effectively use specific terms and typical structures frequently used in numerous texts in their translations. - Know how to express an idea clearly and quickly in the target language, how to translate from the source language (SL) into the target language (TL) and so on. Errors are unavoidable in this course book. Therefore, we appreciate and welcome any criticism on the material.
CONTENTS PART I: TRANSLATION PRACTICE CHAPTER 1: SOCIAL ISSUES……………………………………………………………….3 LESSON 1: Global warming……………………………………………………………………….3 LESSON 2: Xóa đói giảm nghèo ở Việt Nam……………………………………………………….9 LESSON 3: Saving the rainforests………………………………………………………………….15 LESSON 4: Công bằng…………………………………………………………………………….20 CHAPTER 2: AGRICULTURAL ISSUES………………………………………………………25 LESSON 1: Economic role of agriculture………………………………………………………….25 LESSON 2: Canh tác trên sa mạc………………………………………………………….31 LESSON 3: Farming without chemicals………………………………………………………….38 LESSON 4: Giải pháp cho nông nghiệp toàn thế giới…………………………………………….44 CHAPTER 3: ECONOMIC ISSUES …………………………………………………………….51 LESSON 1: Economic structure…………………………………………………………………….51 LESSON 2: Những ngành kinh tế trọng điểm…………………………………………………….58 LESSON 3: Open economic policy and investment capital mobilization in induatrialization and modernization………………………………………………………………………………………64 LESSON 4: Vật liệu mới – một công nghệ mũi nhọn…………………………………………….70 CHAPTER 4: TECHNOLOGICAL ISSUES………………………………………………….76 LESSON 1: New cure for brain diseases………………………………………………………….76 LESSON 2: Sứ mệnh của công nghệ……………………………………………………………….81 LESSON 3: Illigal drug estasy…………………………………………………………………….87 LESSON 4: Cách mạng công nghiệp 4.92 CHAPTER 5: FINANCIAL AND BANKING ISSUES…………………………………………99 LESSON 1: Comercial banks and its functions…………………………………………………….99 LESSON 2: VND vẫn là đồng tiền ổn định nhất trong khu vực………………………………….105 LESSON 3: Digital transformation……………………………………………………………….110 LESSON 4: Chính sách quản lý tiền tệ……………………………………………………………116 CHAPTER 6: BUSINESS ISSUES…………………………………………………………….120 LESSON 1: Business letters……………………………………………………………………….120 LESSON 2: Thư tín thương mại………………………………………………………………….122 1|Page LESSON 3: Business contracts……………………………………………………………………125 LESSON 4: Hợp đồng thương mại……………………………………………………………….130 PART II: SELF – COMMENT ON AVAILABLE TRANSLATION……………………….135 PART III: REFERENCE TRANSLATION …………………………………………….151 FURTHER READING REFERENCES………………………………………………………….164 2|Page CHAPTER 1: SOCIAL ISSUES LESSON 1: GLOBAL WARMING TEXT: The global climate is controlled by very complex factors, such as thermal currents in the air and sea, cloud movements and volcanic eruptions. The most powerful factor is the sun, without which the earth would be a frozen wilderness. Sunshine warms the earth, but most of the heat reaching the earth's surface would be radiated back into space were it not for the presence of certain gases in the atmosphere. These gases, the most important of which is carbon dioxide, act as a blanket around the earth, allowing the heat of the sun to enter but preventing some of it from leaving.
Since the Industrial Revolution, the density of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been steadily increasing. In 1850, it was about 280 parts per million. By 1990, it had risen to 375 ppm. If this trend continues at the present rate, the figure will have risen to 560 ppm by the year 2030.
This, together with the steady accumulation of methane, nitrous oxide and CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons), will have a major impact on the world's climate. Researchers with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reported in 1990 that within 30 years, mean global temperatures would rise by 1.8°C and within 80 years by 3.5°C if present trends continued. This increase in global temperatures resulting from what is commonly known as the Greenhouse Effect might seem attractive to residents of Scandinavia, Canada and Siberia, where winters are long and harsh. However, it will have a number of very unpleasant consequences for people living elsewhere.
There will be severe droughts in India, Africa, Australia and Brazil. grain belt may turn into a dust bowl. Hurricanes, which only develop when temperatures exceed 26°C, will become more common and more severe. Along with other diseases, malaria, a disease carried by mosquitoes which are unable to breed at temperatures below 22°C, will spread throughout the Mediterranean region, Mexico and China.
If global temperatures rise as predicted, with greater increases in the Polar Regions, much of the ice covering Greenland and Antarctica will melt, resulting in a rise in sea levels. This will lead to severe flooding of coastal areas, particularly in Bangladesh, the Nile Delta and the Netherlands, and will ruin as much as a third of the world's cropland. Some island nations - Kiribati, Maldives and Tuvalu - may disappear entirely, and the damage to cities such as Amsterdam, Venice and Miami will be enormous. It is estimated that 45 million people will lose their homes as a result of flooding, and many more will have to leave areas hit by drought.
Mass migration on such a scale could easily lead 3|Page to war between neighboring countries. Moreover, many species of animal, bird and plant may become extinct. EXERCISE 1: Based on the context, find the Vietnamese equivalents for the following words and phrases. to prevent sth from 10.
to have an impact on sth 16. to be known as 17. to be attractive 19. to be predicted 4|Page 26.
neighbouring country EXERCISE 2: Based on the context of the passage, analyze the following sentences and answer the questions. These gases, the most important of which is carbon dioxide, act as a blanket around the earth, allowing the heat of the sun to enter but preventing some of it from leaving. Analyze the relationship of the components in the sentence above. This increase in global temperatures resulting from what is commonly known as the Greenhouse Effect might seem attractive to residents of Scandinavia, Canada and Siberia, where winters are long and harsh.
Do you have any comments on the writing style of the sentence above? 3. If global temperatures rise as predicted, with greater increases in the Polar Regions, much of the ice covering Greenland and Antarctica will melt, resulting in a rise in sea levels. Identify the grammatical element in the sentence above 4. Along with other diseases, malaria, a disease carried by mosquitoes which are unable to breed at temperatures below 22°C, will spread throughout the Mediterranean region, Mexico and China.
Identify the subject of this sentence. It is estimated that 45 million people will lose their homes as a result of flooding, and many more will have to leave areas hit by drought. Mass migration on such a scale could easily lead to war between neighboring countries. How do you translate “It is estimated that…”? EXERCISE 3: Translate the following sentences/passages into Vietnamese 1.
The global climate is controlled by very complex factors, such as thermal currents in the air and sea, cloud movements and volcanic eruptions. The most powerful factor is the sun, without which the earth would be a frozen wilderness. Sunshine warms the earth, but most of the heat reaching the earth's surface would be radiated back into space were it not for the presence of certain gases in the atmosphere. These gases, the most important of which is carbon dioxide, act as a blanket around the earth, allowing the heat of the sun to enter but preventing some of it from leaving.
Since the Industrial Revolution, the density of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been steadily increasing. In 1850, it was about 280 parts per million. By 1990, it had risen to 375 ppm. If this trend continues at the present rate, the figure will have risen to 560 ppm by the year 2030.
This, together with the steady accumulation of methane, nitrous oxide and CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons), will have a major impact on the world's climate. This increase in global temperatures resulting from what is commonly known as the Greenhouse Effect might seem attractive to residents of Scandinavia, Canada and Siberia, where winters are long and harsh. However, it will have a number of very unpleasant consequences for people living elsewhere. There will be severe droughts in India, Africa, Australia and Brazil.
grain belt may turn into a dust bowl. Hurricanes, which only develop when 6|Page temperatures exceed 26°C, will become more common and more severe. Along with other diseases, malaria, a disease carried by mosquitoes which are unable to breed at temperatures below 22°C, will spread throughout the Mediterranean region, Mexico and China. If global temperatures rise as predicted, with greater increases in the Polar Regions, much of the ice covering Greenland and Antarctica will melt, resulting in a rise in sea levels.
This will lead to severe flooding of coastal areas, particularly in Bangladesh, the Nile Delta and the Netherlands, and will ruin as much as a third of the world's cropland. It is estimated that 45 million people will lose their homes as a result of flooding, and many more will have to leave areas hit by drought. Mass migration on such a scale could easily lead to war between neighboring countries. Moreover, many species of animal, bird and plant may become extinct.
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ EXERCISE 4: Check the translated sentences with the criteria below. Compare results within or between groups. Translation self- evaluation criteria 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7|Page 1 Incomplete sentence dịch không hoàn chỉnh 2 Misunderstanding of the original text hiểu sai ý của văn bản gốc 3 Mistranslation into the target language dịch sai ý so với văn bản gốc 4 Addition or omission bịa thêm/ cắt xén nội dung 5 Terminology/ word choice dùng từ/ thuật ngữ không thích hợp 6 Too freely translated Dịch quá xa so với bản gốc 7 Too literal, word-for-word translation Dịch từ theo từ 8 Grammar errors Lỗi ngữ pháp 9 Punctuation errors Lỗi dấu câu 10 Sentence structure errors Lỗi dùng sai cấu trúc câu 8|Page LESSON 2: XÓA ĐÓI GIẢM NGHÈO Ở VIỆT NAM TEXT: Mặc dù kinh tế thế giới không ngừng tăng trưởng, nhưng hiện vẫn có khoảng 10% dân số thế giới sống dưới mức 1,90 đô la Mỹ một ngày. Lâu nay nhiều người cho rằng sự bùng nổ dân số ở các nước nghèo là nguyên nhân chính gây ra nạn đói nghèo.
Do các hộ nghèo thường đông con nên trẻ em tuy chỉ chiếm khoảng một phần ba dân số thế giới nhưng lại chiếm tới một nửa số người nghèo. Theo ước lượng của quỹ nhi đồng liên hợp quốc khoảng một phần ba trẻ em đang sống trong các hộ gia đình nghèo đa chiều, có nghĩa là các nhu cầu thiết yếu về dinh dưỡng, vệ sinh hoặc nước sạch, không được đáp ứng đầy đủ. Sau khi đổi mới, kinh tế Việt Nam đạt được tăng trưởng với tổng sản phẩm quốc nội hàng năm tăng khoảng 6%. Từ một quốc gia thu nhập thấp, Việt Nam đã trở thành nước có thu nhập trung bình vào năm 2010.
Tăng trưởng của Việt Nam mang tính bao trùm, trong đó mọi nhóm dân số đều đạt được tăng trưởng về thu nhập (World Bank, 2012; Lanjouw và các cộng sự 2017). Tăng trưởng kinh tế bao trùm chính là nền tảng giúp cho Việt Nam đạt được các thành tựu về xóa đói giảm nghèo.