HCMC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY FOR HIGH QUALITY TRAINING PROJECT Topic: Calculation and design pineapple heat pump drying system Course: Refrigeration Technology Projects Instructor: Ph. D Le Minh Nhut Student: Pham Van Long - 18147024 Ho Chi Minh city June, 2021 Feedback:. Ho Chi Minh city, …/…/2021 Instructor’s signature Acknowledgement I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of many individuals and organizations.
I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them. I am highly indebted to Ph.D Le Minh Nhut for their guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project & also for their support in completing the project. I would like to express my gratitude towards my all friends and lectures for their kind co-operation and encouragement which help me in completion of this project. I would like to express my special gratitude and thanks to industry persons for giving me such attention and time.
My thanks and appreciations also go to my colleague in developing the project and people who have willingly helped me out with their abilities. Ho Chi Minh City, June 2021 Student implementation: Phạm Văn Long 1 Outline ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………….1 LIST OF FIGURES……………………………….4 LIST OF TABLES……………………………….………………………5 SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS……………………………. Reasons to choose the topic………………………………………. The purposes of the topic………………………………………….
The overview of the pineapple…………………………………….9 Chapter 2: BASIC THEORETICAL ………………………………. General about drying technology………………………………. Drying methods classified……………………………………. General about Heat pump-drying……………………………….
Principle diagram of Heat pump-drying………………………17 2. Coefficient of Heat pump-drying……………………………. Basic ingredients of Heat pump-drying……………………….20 Chapter 3: CALCULATION AND DESIGN…………………………. Size of drying chamber……………………………………….
Theoretical and practical drying process………. Represent the theoretical drying process on the I-d graph……22 3. Represent the practical drying process on the I-d graph……. Parameters of the process……………………………………….
Establishment of cycle calculation diagram…………. Calculate resistance and fan……………………………………. Select the condenser…………………………………………. ACTUAL EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM……………………49 4.
Heat pump system………………………………………………. Machine manufacturing results…………………………………. The process of drying pineapple…………………………………52 Chapter 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION…………….56 3 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 A pineapple on its parent plant……………………………………….1 I-d graph represents the theoretical drying process……………….2 Heat of actual drying……………………………………………………29 Figure 3.3 Structure of drying chamber………………………………………….4 I-d graph showing the actual drying process…………………….5 Thermodynamic cycle of the compressor………………………….2Y Bitzer piston compressor 20HP……….2 Condenser and evaporator……………………………….3 Principal diagram of heat pump…………………………………….5 Pineapple are arranged on trays………………………………….54 4 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Nutrients in 100 grams(g) Pineapple……………………………….1: state parameters at nodes……………………………………………….2: Status parameter table at the actual drying process nodes…….3: Table of status parameters at nodes…………………………….4: Indoor unit parameters………………………………………………….5: Parameters of Condenser……………………………………………….1: Technical parameters of heat pump dryer……………………………51 5 SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS V Volume, [m3] G Weight, [kg] φ Humidity, [%] p Specific weight, [kg/m3] t Temperature, [oC] d Vapor moisture content, [kg moisture/ kg kk] h enthalpy, [kJ/kg kk] λ Heat conductivity coefficient, [W/m.K] δ Thickness, [m] α Heat release coefficient, [W/m2.K] ν Velocity of drying agent, [m/s] cp Specific heat, [kJ/kg.K] k Heat transfer coefficient, [W/m2.
Reasons to choose the topic. Raw material drying. Pineapple is a very delicious fruit and has a cooling effect in the summer, in addition it is also processed into dried food. In 100g of the edible pineapple contains 91.
The other ingredients are 6.5g glaucid; 15mg calcium mineral salts; 17mg phosphorus; iron 0.08mg; beta-carotene 40mcg. The pineapple nutrition in 100g provides 40kcal for the body. The enzyme bromelain contained in the pineapple nutrition stimulates better digestion. Bromelain neutralizes body fluids so that they do not become too acidic.
So when we eat pineapple, we will reduce heartburn. According to scientists also thanks to this substance, pineapple is also very good for the functioning of the pancreas. According to research, the vitamin C content in pineapples provides 50% of the recommended daily amount of vitamin C. So that pineapple has the effect of increasing the body's resistance.
It helps to prevent damage to cells, prevents some colds, flu, fever. Pineapple contains many essential minerals: calcium, potassium, fiber, manganese, iodine. In which, manganese is very good for bones and connective tissue. With a glass of pineapple juice contains 73% manganese content.
According to a study in the US, manganese is very helpful in preventing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Heat Pump Drying technology. Recently, it has been discovered that heat pump drying is an efficient method of drying for drying industries. Heat pumps deliver more heat during the drying process than the work input to the compressor.
Heat pump drying is a more advanced method than the traditional Viet Nam industrial and 7 agricultural drying methods, such as direct/indirect sunlight, wood burning, fossil fuel burning, electrical heating and diesel engine heating. Heat pump dryers provide high energy efficiency with controllable temperature, air flow and air humidity and have significant energy-saving potential. In the last decade the market for heat pump systems for water heating and space cooling/heating has grown in Viet Nam, but the development of heat pumps for industrial and agricultural drying is very slow. The development of heat pump drying systems in Viet Nam is an efficient way to solve energy problems in drying applications as this technology is still in its infancy.
Thus, the discovery and widespread development of dehumidification and cold drying systems for food, post-harvest agricultural products, forest products and medicinal materials is an urgent requirement to encourage agricultural development and structural transformation. crops, production of alternative goods imported and exported to the world market, saving energy, reducing investment capital and product costs. Given the assignment of the topic as well as seeing the economic benefits of pineapple and the practical effects that heat pump drying technology brings in life, I would like to implement the topic "Design and manufacture of systems. Pineapple heat pump drying ".
The purposes of the topic. - Learn about heat pump drying technology, drying method and equipment in heat pump drying system. - Calculate and design pineapple heat pump drying system with a capacity of 200kg / batch. - Fabrication of the heat pump drying system with calculated parameters.
- Testing and verifying the drying system on a real model. Overview of the pineapple. The pineapple (Ananas comosus) is a tropical plant with an edible fruit and the most economically significant plant in the family Bromeliaceous. The pineapple is indigenous to South America, where it has been cultivated for many centuries.
The introduction of the pineapple to Europe in the 17th century made it a significant cultural icon of luxury. Since the 1820s, pineapple has been commercially grown in greenhouses and many tropical plantations. Further, it is the third most important tropical fruit in world production. In the 20th century, Hawaii was a dominant producer of pineapples, especially for the US; however, by 2016, Costa Rica, Brazil, and the Philippines accounted for nearly one-third of the world's production of pineapples.
The pineapple is a herbaceous perennial, which grows to 1.5 m (3 ft 3 in to 4 ft 11 in) tall, although sometimes it can be taller. In appearance, the plant has a short, stocky stem with tough, waxy leaves. When creating its fruit, it usually produces up to 200 flowers, although some large-fruited cultivars can exceed this. Once it flowers, the individual fruits of the flowers join together to create a multiple fruit.
After the first fruit is produced, side shoots (called 'suckers' by commercial growers) are produced in the leaf axils of the main stem. These may be removed for propagation, or left to produce additional fruits on the original plant.1 A pineapple on its parent plant C. Nutrients in 100 grams(g) Pineapple Nutrients Amount Energy 52 calories Dietary fible 1.28 mg Magnesium 12 mg Calcium 16 mg Potassium 150 mg Phosphorus 11 mg Zinc 0.110 mg Vitamin C 24 mg D. Location and classified Pineapples originated from the West Indies, Central America.
are now cultivated in tropical climates such as the Philippines, Sumatra, Hawaii, Sri Lanka, South America, Africa. In Vietnam Pineapple is the key fruit in processing to export. However, the output is very small compared to other countries in the region. Pineapples are grown mainly in the Red River Delta and the Mekong River Delta.
There are many varieties of Pineapples, classified into three main groups: - Queen group: Pineapples belong to this group with medium weight and magnitude, convex eyes, bear to transport, strong yellow flesh, strong aroma, sweet taste. This is the group of Pineapples with the highest quality, which is popularly grown in our country and is also known as Flower pineapple. - The Cayenne group. This type has a large volume of fruit, sometimes up to 3 kg.
pulp is ivory-yellow, more watery, less fragrant and less sweet than Flower pineapple. This variety is grown in many Pacific countries. This type, though not very high quality, is grown a lot for processing because the large fruit is easy to mechanize, giving high economic efficiency. Currently, Vietnam is having a policy to develop this Pineapple variety.
This pineapple has a larger fruit size than the Flowering Pineapple, but smaller than the Cayenne Pineapple. The flesh is light yellow to white, less fragrant, sour, more watery than Flower Pineapple. Pineapples grown in Vietnam belong to this group. In addition to the three main groups of Pineapples above, there is also the group Xan Miguel with delicious yellow fruit.
Some study about pineapple. 11 Pineapples are a useful source of vitamins. A cup of pineapple chunks can contain up to 28 milligrams of vitamin C, which is 382 Pineapple 31% of the recommended daily vitamin C intake for men and 38% for women. The water-soluble antioxidant properties of vitamin C help prevent scurvy, increase immunity, and build resistance against infectious disease.
Vitamin C is a useful free radical scavenger and helps remove harmful free radicals from the body. Vitamin C is also needed for the production of collagen, which is the major structural protein required in the human body for maintaining the integrity of blood vessels, skin, organs, and bones. Vitamin C present in pineapples also contributes to oral health and helps with the prevention of gum disease. Vitamin C reduces the risk of colon, esophagus, and stomach cancer.
Vitamin A and beta-carotene, though present in smaller quantities, also have antioxidant properties and are required for good vision and retarding age-related macular degeneration, healthy skin, and maintaining mucus membranes. Pineapple is also a good source of thiamine. This component of the vitamin B complex acts as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions central to energy production and red blood cell formulation. Antioxidant-rich foods in the diet can improve fertility.
The bioavailability of nutrients is the proportion of a nutrient that is absorbed from the diet and used for normal body functions. Both external and internal factors govern the bioavailability of the nutrient. External factors include the food matrix and the chemical form of the nutrient in question, whereas gender, age, nutrient status, and life stage are among the internal factors. Ascorbic acid and S-containing amino acids present in pineapple are agents that promote micronutrient availability in the human body, while polyphenolics and phytates are known to inhibit micronutrient Bioavailability.
12 Chapter 2: BASIC THEORETICAL 2. General about drying technology. Drying is the process of evaporating water out of a solid material by a heat method. The essence of drying is a diffusion process, consisting of diffusion of moisture from the inner layer of the material to the outer surface layer and the process of transferring moisture from the surface of the material to the surrounding environment.
Drying methods classified Normally, based on the drying agent state or how to create the dynamic of the heat-moisture transition, it is divided into two drying methods, which are the heating method and the cold-drying method. In the heating method, to create a water vapor pressure difference between drying agent and drying material, it is possible to heat to heat only drying agent or drying material or both drying agent and drying material.