s BANKING ACADEMY FACULTY OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS --------- BACHELOR’S THESIS TRADE FINANCE UNDER LETTER OF CREDIT TRANSACTION – RECOMMENDATIONS FOR JOINT STOCK COMMERCIAL BANK FOR FOREIGN TRADE OF VIETNAM Student : Nguyen Huong Giang Class : K20KDQTA Course : 2017 – 2021 Student ID : 20A4050097 Supervisor : Dr. Nguyen Thi Hong Hai Hanoi, May 2021 17014129178091000000 i DECLARATION I guarantee that my Bachelor’s thesis with the research topic "Trade finance under Letter of Credit transaction – Recommendations for Joint Stock Commercial Bank For Foreign Trade of Vietnam" is my personal research with the guidance of Dr. Nguyen Thi Hong Hai – Lecturer of the Falcuty of International Business, Banking Academy of Vietnam. Data sources and information used during the study are derived and cited in accordance with regulations.
Research results in the thesis topic serve for self – study and objectively analysis. I take all responsibility for my thesis. Student’s signature Nguyen Huong Giang ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Throughout the writing of this thesis I have received a great deal of support and assistance. Foremost, I have to thank Banking Academy of Vietnam and the Faculty of International Business for creating good conditions for me in the process of studying in the past 4 years and completing this thesis.
Also, I would like to thank all lecturers of the Faculty of International Business and lectures of Banking Academy of Vietnam who equipped me with useful knowledge in the university years; and my classmates and friends for their suggestions. Especially, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Dr. Nguyen Thi Hong Hai for the continuous support of my research, for her patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge. Her guidance helped me in all the time of research and writing of this thesis.
Last but not least, I would like to thank my family: my parents, my brother and my sister in-law for supporting me spiritually throughout my life. iii TABLE OF CONTENT DECLARATION. ii TABLE OF CONTENT. iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.
vi LIST OF CHARTS. viii LIST OF FIGURES. viii LIST OF TABLES. Rationale of the study.
Research scope and objective .3 CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL OF TRADE FINANCE UNDER LETTER OF CREDIT TRANSACTION. THEORETICAL OF TRADE FINANCE UNDER LETTER OF CREDIT TRANSACTION. Overview of Letter of Credit. Overview of trade finance under Letter of Credit transaction.
Criteria for assessing trade finance under Letter of Credit transactions. FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE FINANCE UNDER LETTER OF CREDIT TRANSACTIONS .23 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 1 .25 CHAPTER 2: EXPERIENCES IN TRADE FINANCE UNDER LETTER OF CREDIT TRANSACTION IN SOME COMMERCIAL BANKS. EXPERIENCES FROM ASIAN COMMERCIAL BANKS. Experiences from BRAC Bank.
Experiences from Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corporation Bank. EXPERIENCE FROM EUROPEAN COMMERCIAL BANKS. Experiences from Vnesheconombank. Experiences from Roseximbank.
Experiences from Sberbank .31 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 2 .31 CHAPTER 3: ANALYZE ON THE REAL SITUATION OF TRADE FINANCE UNDER LETTER OF CREDIT TRANSACTION AT JOINT STOCK COMMERCIAL BANK FOR FOREIGN TRADE OF VIETNAM. OVERVIEW OF JOINT STOCK COMMERCIAL BANK FOR FOREIGN TRADE OF VIETNAM. Structure of management apparatus. Business Operations of Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam.
THE REAL SITUATION OF TRADE FINANCE UNDER LETTER OF CREDIT TRANSACTION AT JOINT STOCK COMMERCIAL BANK FOR FOREIGN TRADE OF VIETNAM. Trade finance under Letter of Credit transaction at Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam. Analyze the real situation of trade finance under Letter of Credit transaction at Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam.43 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 3 .53 CHAPTER 4: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR JOINT STOCK COMMERCIAL BANK FOR FOREIGN TRADE OF VIETNAM. SHORT - TERM SOLUTIONS.
Diversify trade finance under Letter of Credit product. Continuing to enhance process modification. Implement flexible measures in working. Strengthening international trade finance activities by Documentary Credit payment method.
LONG - TERM SOLUTIONS. Human resource development. Strengthening inspection, internal control and compliance. Branch network, correspondent banking relationship .58 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 4 .61 vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank API Application Programming Interface ATM Automatic Teller Machine B/L Bill of Lading BBLC Back–to–Back Letter of Credit BDT The currency for Bangladesh BRAC Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee CAR Capital adequacy ratio CDCS Certificate for Documentary Credit Specialists CEB Commercial Bank of Ethiopia CRM IT Customer relationship management Information technology D/C Letter of Credit FY Fiscal Year GIC Guaranteed investment certificate HCMC Ho Chi Minh City HOSE Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange HSBC Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corporation ICC International Chamber of Commerce IFC International Finance Corporatio ING Internationale Nederlanden Groep ISBP International Standard Banking Practice ISP International Standby Practices L/C Letter of Credit MT700 Issue of a Documentary Credit POS Point Of Sale ROA Return on Assets ROE Return On Equity SBLC Standby Letter of Credit SLOC Standby Letter of Credit vii SMEs Small and Medium Enterprise SMS Short Message Service SWIFT Society for Worldwide Interbank and Financial Telecommunication UCP 600 The Uniform Custom and Practice for Documentary Credits UPAS L/C Usance payable at sight Letter of Credit URDG Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees URR Uniform Rules for Bank-to-Bank Reimbursement US United States VCB Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam VCBL Vietcombank Leasing VCBR Vietcombank Remitance Company VCBS Vietcombank Securities Limited Company VCCBCC Vietcombank Corporate Channel Vietcombank Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam viii LIST OF CHARTS Chart Page Chart 3.1 The number of transaction offices and branches at Joint Stock 46 Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam from 2017 to 2019 Chart 3.2 Profit from trade finance under Letter of Credit transactions from 51 2018 to 2020 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page Figure 1.1 The entire process under Letter of Credit transaction 7 Figure 2.1 The percentage of traditional trade finance used globally 26 Figure 2.2 Import traffic vs.
average value in FY2019, split by region, 27 based on SWIFT MT700 traffic Figure 2.3 SWIFT MT700 export L/C volumes by country/region 28 Figure 3.1 Management structure of Joint Stock Commercial Bank for 35 Foreign Trade of Vietnam ix LIST OF TABLES Table Page Table 3.1 Key financial ratios of Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign 36 Trade of Vietnam from 2016 to 2020 Table 3.2 Liabilities and shareholders’ equity of Vietcombank from 2018 to 37 2020 Table 3.3 Loan portfolio by term of Vietcombank from 2018 to 2020 38 Table 3.4 Loan portfolio by debt group and proportion of Vietcombank 39 from 2018 to 2020 Table 3.5 The number of customers using trade finance at Joint Stock 44 Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam Table 3.6 Categorize customers using trade finance under Letter of Credit 45 transaction in 2020 Table 3.7 Customer satisfaction in trade finance under Letter of Credit 48 transaction from 2018 to 2020 Table 3.8 Revenue and Profit Statement of trade finance under Letter of 50 Credit transaction from 2018 to 2020 1 INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale of the study With any economy, the trend of international trade and global integration is hugely urgent and we cannot deny its importance. Economic integration brings enormous benefits, but nowadays, Vietnamese businesses participating in international trade playground are still facing many difficulties. The differences in financial resources, the quality of human resources, and the capital needs of the countries are enormous.
Knowing this, Vietnamese commercial banks have also used and maximized their advantages to help Vietnamese enterprises be advantageous in trading with foreign businesses. Trade finance plays a vital foreign trade and other business transactions. They are used in almost every phase of the transaction between the buyer and the seller. With the advantage of accumulated capital, well–trained professional techniques, commercial banks have been holding an increasingly vital role in international trade and other business transactions.
Letter of Credit is used popularly in international transactions. At the same time, the relationship between exporters and importers is insufficient to ensure trust with the other party, which means the importer does not agree to pay in advance or the exporter does not open the account. Therefore, in developing countries like Vietnam, Letter of Credit is used highly in 80% of small and medium enterprises in trade finance, mainly import finance. Current international trade finance under the L/C method is a service that banks provide both financial and reputable support.
Enterprises, if they know how to take advantage of this, can expand the scale of capital, increase production and business efficiency. Moreover, businesses are inevitably being established associated with the need to finance capital to perform foreign trade contracts. Because they do not have many relationships with partners, do not have enough financial capacity, time to affirm their prestige, and trust each other. Therefore, banking is the ultimate solution to help businesses overcome this challenging period.
And Letter of Credit is one of the unique payment methods to allow enterprises to solve this problem. 2 In Vietnam, Vietcombank is one of the largest commercial banks; international payment services and trade finance are the key areas that have made Vietcombank's brand for more than half a century. Currently, the bank is constantly expanding its agent relationships with central banks in the region and the world, diversifying products and services to affirm its leading position in international payment services and trade finance. Trade finance under Letter of Credit is a service that Vietcombank focuses on enhancing the quality of this product to meet the market's needs and help the bank affirm its strengths in the banking sector.
The bank plays many roles like issuing bank, advising bank or confirming bank in this payment method; which leads to high potential risk with its bank. So, the development and expansion of international trade financing activities in terms of service quality, variety of products in general, and international trade finance development by L/C payment method, in particular, have a significant role in overcoming difficulties for businesses, as well as increasing business efficiency for the bank. Moreover, the need for enterprises from banks is more complicated in the booming trade period, and enterprises are usually customers of different banks. Hence, companies can compare trade financing instruments between banks.
As a result, banks are pressured to update new products and develop their own devices continuously. Realizing that importance, I have chosen the topic "Trade finance under Letter of Credit transaction – Recommendations for Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam". Research purpose This thesis is researched for the following purposes: - Give a general theory on trade finance under Letter of Credit transaction, its legal framework, criteria for assessing it, and experiences from commercial banks around the world that have used service successfully. - Surveying gives an overview of trade finance under Letter of Credit at Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam, thereby assessing the achievements and limitations.
3 - Proposing recommendations to help apply trade finance under Letter of Credit at Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam effectively. Research scope and objective This scope of the study is at Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam and focuses on trade finance under L/C transaction. Market analysis has been carried out in the following commercial banks in the world focus on trade finance under L/C transaction such as CBE bank, BRAC Bank, etc. The essay is researched with data from the period of 2017 – 2020.
It will give suggestions till the period of 2030 in which to offer trade finance under L/C transaction for Vietcombank. Research methodology To carry out theory research, I have used the statistic method, experimental research, and combined them with reference and comparison to highlight the research concerns. Statistic method: data collected from annual reports of some commercial banks, export-import enterprises, financial institutions, corporations like ICC, etc. Experimental research: collect information from related studies, compare the status of trade finance Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam.