BANKING ACADEMY OF VIETNAM THE FACULTY OF FINANCE ---------- GRADUATION THESIS TOPIC: THE IMPACT OF FINTECH DEVELOPMENT ON DEFAULT RISK OF VIETNAM COMMERCIAL BANKS Student : Nguyen Le Thu Class : K22CLCB Course : 2019 – 2023 Student ID : 22A4010053 Thesis supervisor : Assoc. Tran Thi Xuan Anh Hanoi, May 2023 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The thesis topic "The impact of Fintech development on default risk of Vietnam commercial banks" is the content that I have studied and done after studying at the Faculty of Finance, Banking Academy of Vietnam. In the process of researching and completing the graduation thesis, apart from my efforts, the success of the project depends largely on the encouragement and guidelines of many others. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the successful completion of this project.
I would like to express a deep sense of gratitude to the Governor, the teachers of the Banking Academy of Vietnam and the Faculty of Finance, have created a favorable learning and training environment, providing me with useful knowledge and skills to help me apply and facilitate the implementation of the thesis. I would like to extend my sincerest gratitude to my supervisor Assoc. Tran Thi Xuan Anh for her delicated guidance and supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project and also for the support in completing the project. Finally, I would like to spend my heartiest thanks to my parents, friends, colleagues and well-wishers for always encouraging and creating the best conditions for me to make efforts to complete the graduation thesis.
COMMITMENT I ensure that the results in the graduation thesis are my own personal product, not copied, and with the support of Assoc. Tran Thi Xuan Anh. In the entire content of the thesis, the contents are presented either individually or synthesized from many sources. All references are clear, truthful and legally cited.
I take full responsibility and take all disciplinary measures as prescribed for my pledge. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .2 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.5 LIST OF TABLES .1 CHAPTER I: LITERATURE REVIEW. An overview of Fintech. Definition of Fintech.
Fintech’s products and services. Fundamentals of commercial bank’s default risk. The definition of commercial bank’s default risk. The measurement of default risk of a commercial bank.
The impact of Fintech on commercial banks’s default risk .30 CHAPTER II: DATABASE AND RESEARCH METHOD. Measuring bank’s default risk. Factors affecting default risk. FinTech development measure.
RESEARCH MODEL AND HYPOTHESE. 42 CHAPTER III: RESEARCH RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION OF VIETNAM COMMERCIAL BAKING SYSTEM IN THE PERIOD 2017-2022. FINTECH DEVELOPMENT SITUATION IN VIETNAM.
Overview of Fintech development in Vietnam. The development of Fintech products in Vietnam. Peer to peer lending. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH RESULTS.
Results of measuring default risk of the commercial banking system. The comparison of default risk of three different groups of banks with different forms of ownership. The comparison of default risk between listed and unlisted banks. Testing model defects.
Fixing the defects using the generalized least squares estimation model (GLS). DISCUSSING RESEARCH RESULTS .90 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS No Abbreviation Expansion 1 OLS Ordinary Least Squares 2 FEM Fixed Effect Model 3 REM Random Effect Model 4 ROA Returrn Over Assets 5 ROE Return Over Equity 6 NIM Net Interest Margin 7 CAR Capital Adequacy Ratio 8 NPL Non-performing loan 9 Agribank Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development 10 ACB Asia Commercial Joint Stock Bank 11 BID Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam 12 CTG Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade 13 EIB Vietnam Commercial Joint Stock Export Import Bank 14 HDB Ho Chi Minh City Development Joint Stock Commercial Bank 15 LPB Lien Viet Post Joint Stock Commercial Bank 16 MBB Military Commercial Joint Stock Bank 17 MSB Vietnam Maritime Commercial Join Stock Bank 18 OCB Orient Commercial Joint Stock Bank 19 SSB Southeast Asia Commercial Joint Stock Bank 20 STB Sai Gon Thuong Tin Commercial Joint Stock Bank 21 TCB Vietnam Technological and Commercial Joint Stock Bank 22 TPB Tien Phong Commercial Joint Stock Bank 23 VCB Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam 24 VIB Vietnam International Commercial Joint Stock Bank 25 VPB Vietnam Prosperity Joint Stock Commercial Bank 26 NCB National Citizen Bank 27 SHB Saigon Hanoi Commercial Joint Stock Bank 28 ABB An Binh Commercial Joint Stock Bank 29 BAB Bac A Commercial Joint Stock Bank 30 BVB Viet Capital Commercial Joint Stock Bank 31 KLB Kien Long Commercial Joint Stock Bank 32 NAB Nam A Commercial Joint Stock Bank 33 PGB Vietnam Thuong Tin Commercial Joint Stock Bank 34 VBB Vietnam Thuong Tin Commercial Joint Stock Bank 35 HSBC HSBC Bank Vietnam Limited 36 ANZ ANZ Bank Viet Nam Limited LIST OF TABLES Table Page Table 2. Variables definition and data sources 48 Table 3. Total assets of Vietnam's commercial banking system in the 53 period 2017-2022 Table 3.
Banking system of Vietnam in 2021 54 Table 3. Summary of performance indicators of commercial banks in 56 the period 2017-2022 Table 3. Descriptive statistics 65 LIST OF CHARTS Chart Page Chart 3. Ratio of non-performing loan and on-balance non- 57 performing loan of commercial banks in the period 2017-2022 Chart 3.
Number of Fintech companies operating in Vietnam in 2012- 58 9M/2022 Chart 3. Fintech startup companies and fields of activity over the 59 years Chart 3. Value of electronic transactions in Vietnam in the period 62 2012-9M/2022 Chart 3. Average Z-score of Vietnamese commercial banks in the 68 period of 2017 – 2022 Chart 3.
Z-score of the average commercial banks in Vietnam in the 69 period 2017 – 2022 Chart 3. Average Z-score of State-owned commercial banks, joint- 70 stock commercial banks, and foreign commercial banks in 2017-2022 Chart 3. Average Z-score of listed and unlisted banks in the period of 72 2017 – 2022 INTRODUCTION 1. Interest of research The financial technology sector has expanded and evolved, encompassing a large number of businesses providing a wide variety of financial services and functioning on a worldwide basis.
IoT, big data, artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, blockchain, and other new technologies of the fourth industrial revolution have had a significant impact on most socioeconomic activities in all nations of the globe. One of the very first industries where information technology was applied was the banking industry specifically or the financial industry in general. Thanks to the use of technologies, there have been significant changes with the introduction of a number of products and services as well as new distribution networks for financial services. In Vietnam, the application of financial technology (Fintech) is affecting most areas of banking activities such as deposits, payments, credit, etc., affecting the market structure and development strategy of financial institutions and banks.
Fintech companies have changed distribution channels and traditional banking products and services through the development trend of online transaction channels such as internet banking, mobile banking, social networks, electronic banking, etc. Fintech is increasingly developed and applied to solve financial problems, so it is extremely urgent to study the impact of this phenomenon, especially for a developing country like Vietnam. The results of the study could help policymakers find the right solutions to take advantage of this rapid development. Due to these above considerations, the author chooses the research topic: “The effect of FinTech development on default risk of Vietnam commercial banks”.
Research objectives In the context of rapid digital transformation in Vietnam, it can be seen that the impact of the development of financial technology on default risk is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the impact of Fintech on default risk through measuring the impact of this factor on the stability of commercial banks; Besides, the research also analyzes the impact of some internal factors of banks. In 1 addition, the study also has another goal, which is to compare the stability of financial institutions with different forms of ownership. Objects and scope of the research Currently, most of Fintech's activities are related to banking operations, so the object of the study is the default risk of commercial banks in Vietnam.
According to the annual report of the State Bank of Vietnam in 2021, there are currently 28 joint- stock commercial banks, 04 state-owned joint-stock commercial banks and 09 100% foreign-owned commercial banks. Because some commercial banks do not publish financial statements, in this study, the author selected 33 commercial banks to collect data for research including 4 state-owned commercial banks, 4 foreign commercial banks, and 25 joint stock commercial banks. The author collects data from 2017-2022 of these commercial banks. Research methodology To achieve the research objectives, the author uses some of the following methods: Descriptive and comparative statistics: the author uses to describe the basic characteristics and compare the changes over the years to the collected data.
In addition, this method also provides the simplest summary of variables in the research sample. Regression analysis includes Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (Pooled OLS); Fixed Effects Model (FEM); Random Effects Model (REM) and General Least Squares (GLS) regression models. The FEM model and the REM model are two widely used models for tabular data. The GLS model is used to correct if defects occur in the two models.
The data processing and calculation are carried out with the support of computers using Excel and Stata 16 program. Structure of the research The research examines the impact of Fintech development on commercial banks’ default risk by examining the impact of this phenomenon on the default risk of commercial banks. In addition to studying the impact of Fintech, the author also studies the impact of a number of micro-factors affecting the default risk of banks. 2 Based on the above objectives, the study has 3 chapters: Chapter I: Theoretical Framework for Fintech's impact on commercial banks’ default risk Chapter II: Databases and Research Methods Chapter III: Research Results and Recommendations 3 CHAPTER I: LITERATURE REVIEW 1.
An overview of Fintech 1. Definition of Fintech Fintech is a term that derives from the combination of the words finance and technology and is defined as an interdisciplinary field that combines finance, technology management and innovation, describes the connection of internet-related technology with commercial service activities of the financial sector such as banking transactions and money lending. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) (2018) defined fintech as "advances in technology that have the potential to transform the provision of financial services by stimulating the development of new business models, applications, processes and products". The Financial Stability Board (FSB) (2019) described the term “Fintech” as “the technology that has enabled innovation in financial services and could lead to new business models, applications, processes or products with a material effect associated with the provision of financial services”.
In addition, The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2018) defined Fintech as “innovative applications of digital technology for financial services". Besides, the World Economic Forum (WEF) (2016) stated that Fintech is a broad category that refers to the innovative use of technology in the design and delivery of financial services and products. In comparison with the definition provided by WEF, the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) claimed that "Fintech is not only about the application of digital technologies to financial services but also the development of business models and products based on these technologies and more generally on digital platforms and processes" However, until now, there is no unified legal definition for this term. The definition of it is described in many academic researches and in business journals.
Specifically, Duong Tan Khoa (2019) described fintech as the use of technology to automate the provision and use of financial services, thereby better responding to financial transactions and trade. In a broader understanding, Arner et al.