VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL ============ LE DIEU LINH THE IMPACTS OF OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE ON PROFITABILITY OF FIRMS LISTED IN VIETNAM Field: Financial Management Code: 8340202.01 Hanoi, 2024 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL ============ LE DIEU LINH THE IMPACTS OF OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE ON PROFITABILITY OF FIRMS LISTED IN VIETNAM Field: Financial Management Code: 8340202. Tran Tat Thanh Hanoi, 2024 LETTER OF DECLARATION -----🙡🕮🙣----- I hereby declare that the thesis is the results of my own research and has never been published in any work of others. During the implementation process of this thesis, I have seriously taken research ethics; all findings of this thesis are results of my own research; all references in this thesis are clearly cited according to regulations. I bear full responsibility for the fidelity of the number and data and other contents of my graduation thesis.
Hanoi, May 10th, 2024 Student Le Dieu Linh i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -----🙡🕮🙣----- It is with immense gratitude that I acknowledge the support of Dr. Tran Tat Thanh for his hearty guidance and invaluable critics, which are much important to my thesis. I would also like to thank other professors for their guidance in whole program. Special thanks to my friends and colleagues who support and encourage me to focus on researching and completing this thesis.
Last but not least, thank my family for their caring and sacrifice, I have more motivation and try by heart to complete the course. ii ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to examine the impact of capital structure and ownership structure on the profitability of enterprises listed on the Vietnamese stock markets from 2010 to 2022, including both linear and nonlinear relationships. The research used three regression analysis models, including Pooled OLS, Fixed Effect, Random Effect, and GMM, based on panel data obtained from a sample of 587 publicly listed firms. The findings suggest that there is a negative correlation between debt levels and corporate profitability.
Moreover, this study demonstrates the presence of a causal association between capital structure and profitability. Furthermore, the research also illustrates the existence of a U-shaped correlation between capital structure and profitability. This research also reveals the favorable impact of ownership structure on profitability. Based on the aforementioned analysis, governing boards possess the capacity to make judicious decisions regarding the allocation of financial resources within the capital structure, hence facilitating advantageous outcomes for the respective enterprises.
iii TABLES OF CONTENTS LETTER OF DECLARATION. iii LIST OF TABLES. Background of the study. Significant of the study.
Scope of the research. Structure of the thesis. Definition of ownership structure. Resource dependence theory.
Managerial Ownership and Firm Performance. Government Ownership and Firm Performance. Foreign Ownership and Firm Performance. How ownership structure affects firms’ operation.
Impacts of Ownership structure to financial performance. Impacts of Ownership structure on operating efficiency. ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Further direction for future studies.
45 v LIST OF TABLES Table 5-1: Descriptive statistics of dependent variables. 30 Table 5-2: Descriptive statistics of Independent variables. 31 Table 5-3: Descriptive statistics of control variables. 31 Table 5-4: Correlation table.
32 Table 5-5: Impacts of capital and ownership structure on business performance. 33 Table 5-6: Impacts of business performance and ownership structure on capital structure. 34 Table 5-7: The u-shaped relationship of ownership and corporate profits with D/E represents capital structure. 35 Table 5-7: The u-shaped relationship of ownership and corporate profits with D/A represents capital structure.
Background of the study The selection of capital sources and ownership for financing operations is a primary consideration for companies, since these selections have a significant impact on the market value of the firm, as shown by the average cost of capital (Arnold, 2013). The determination of whether equity capital or loan capital should be used, as well as the identification of the most suitable collaborator to optimize the company owner's profit, are crucial considerations. This is in line with Arnold's (2013) assertion that the primary objective of every firm is to maximize the profits of its owners. The existing literature on corporate partnerships in organizations encompasses a wide range of ideas, including M&M (Modigliani & Miller, 1958; 1963), agency theory (Jensen & Meckling, 1976), collaborator trade-off theory (Myers, 1984), and pecking order theory (Myers, 1984), among others.
Each theoretical framework presents a distinct viewpoint about the influence of ownership, although these ideas mostly fail to definitively establish the actual effect of ownership on corporate profitability. The industry under consideration is subject to differing perspectives and opposing opinions, as shown in the works of Abdullah and Tursoy (2019), Dalci (2018), and Le and Phan (2017). Hence, more investigation and empirical evidence are required to establish the influence of ownership on corporate profitability. Additionally, it has been shown via empirical research conducted by Dalci (2018) that there are variations in the association between ownership and the financial gains of businesses.
Several research have shown a favorable relationship between capital structure and business earnings (Bistrova, Lace, & Peleckiene, 2011; Chang et al. Empirical research have shown evidence supporting the unfavorable relationship between ownership and business earnings (Abor, 2005; Leon, 2013; Mouna et al. The variability shown in empirical study findings demonstrates that the influence of ownership on profitability exhibits rapid and intricate fluctuations throughout specific time periods. Furthermore, the aforementioned research mostly concentrate on the unidirectional association between ownership and 1 profits, neglecting to evaluate the reciprocal nature of this interaction (Margaritis et al.
Indeed, the profitability of a corporation also influences the selection of corporate partners, and the precise nature of this influence remains a topic of considerable scholarly discussion (Margaritis et al. Consequently, investigating the correlation between profitability and corporate ownership is a subject of interest. The juxtaposition of these two elements has substantial theoretical and practical implications. In contrast, there has been a growing focus in recent empirical research on the non-linear association, sometimes referred to as the u- shaped impact, between ownership and business profitability (Margaritis et al., 2010; Le et al., 2017; Dalci, 2018; Yang et al.
The findings of these research indicate that collaborative efforts have a positive impact on business profits up to a specific threshold. However, once the loan ratio of the firm exceeds a particular level, there is a subsequent decline in earnings. Nevertheless, the variations in findings across these studies necessitate the need for more study on the u-shaped correlation between collaboration and corporate profitability in various market contexts and across extended timeframes (Margaritis et al., 2010; Le et al. According to the World Bank (2021), Vietnam is categorized as a frontier market and is seen to possess considerable prospects for future growth.
This is precisely why doing research on the influence of ownership may assist businesses and government agencies in decision-making and collaborator management, particularly in the case of publicly traded companies. The existing literature on the correlation between collaborative efforts and corporate profitability in Vietnam exhibits a considerable range of studies (Le et al., 2017; Nguyen & Ramachandran, 2006; Nguyen, 2020; Nguyen & Nguyen, 2020). The existing body of research on this topic presents divergent findings, indicating that the association between ownership and financial gains is contingent upon several variables, necessitating more comprehensive investigation. This study makes significant contributions to both theoretical and practical domains.
(i) This study aims to reevaluate the influence of agency theory on the correlation between ownership and corporate profits in Vietnam. (ii) The objective of this research is to investigate the reciprocal association 2 between ownership and enterprise profits in order to gain a deeper understanding of their interdependence and subsequently determine the optimal capital structure. (iii) The purpose of this study is to ascertain both the linear and non-linear connection between ownership and corporate profits, thereby reinforcing the findings related to the agency theory's impact on this relationship. (iv) By integrating and examining the effects of ownership structure on shareholders and business profits, this study seeks to elucidate the disparities in shareholders and profits among businesses with varying levels of domestic ownership, foreign ownership, and home country ownership.
(v) This study aims to analyze the correlation between ownership and company profitability by examining data including all enterprises listed on the two main stock markets in Vietnam during a certain timeframe. The duration of the observation period exceeds that of earlier investigations. Hence, the outcomes of empirical investigations provide the most evident depiction of the correlation between these two variables. To answer the above questions, the thesis "The Impacts of Ownership Structure on Business Performance of Publicly Listed Companies in Hochiminh Stock Exchange" has been selected for analysis, evaluation and empirical research, as a basis for making recommendations for corporate governance and capital structure policy.
Research objectives Objectives of the study: • Measuring the influence of ownership structure on financial leverage of companies listed on the Ho Chi Minh City stock exchange. • Compare the level of leverage used in enterprises with and without state capital; • Enterprises with different ownership structures will make different decisions about financial leverage. From the research results, the author proposes a number of recommendations for 3 businesses and entities related to the impact of ownership structure on the company's financial leverage decision. • Question 1: The ownership structure of listed businesses in the Vietnamese market has an inverse relationship with profits • Question 2: There exists a reverse cause and effect in the linear relationship between capital structure and corporate profits • Question 3: Ownership structure has an impact on the capital structure and profits of listed enterprises in Vietnam.
Significant of the study In Vietnam, the equitization process has been undertaken since 1992, wherein shares of state-owned corporations are sold to both local and international investors. This initiative has played a significant role in altering the ownership structure of these enterprises. The use of water-related strategies is intended to enhance operational efficiency. Consequently, the incorporation of private entities into the ownership framework of state-owned enterprises has had a significant influence on the advancement of Vietnam's economy.
The 3rd Plenum of the 11th Central Committee reached the decision in October 2011 to implement an economic restructuring plan through 2020. This plan primarily emphasizes investment restructuring in three key areas. The proposed measures include the reorganization of the financial market, specifically targeting the reform of the commercial banking system and financial institutions. Additionally, there is a plan to restructure state-owned firms, with a particular emphasis on economic groupings and state-owned corporations.
The ownership structure of organizations has garnered considerable attention from investors due to the varying approaches to company operations associated with various ownership arrangements. According to the findings of Dewenter and Malatesta (2001), private enterprises exhibit a higher valuation compared to state- owned companies. This disparity in valuation may be attributed to private companies' ability to generate more profits while using less debt and labor. The production process refers to the sequence of activities and operations involved in the creation of goods or services.
Hence, it can be inferred that companies with a significant amount of State ownership tend to exhibit lower levels of operational efficiency and a 4 relatively greater debt ratio compared to enterprises characterized by a substantial proportion of private ownership. The impact of private ownership or state ownership on financing choices is contingent upon the prevailing capital structure of the majority. Numerous constraints persist. Limited study has been conducted on this particular topic within the Vietnamese market.
Furthermore, as stated by Vo Xuan Vinh (2014), there exists a positive correlation between the percentage of organizational ownership structures inside firms and their levels of operational efficiency and value. Companies that possess high debt ratios are likely to exhibit reduced levels of operational efficiency; whereas Companies that possess significant investment prospects tend to exhibit greater levels of operational efficiency. There exists a positive correlation between a company's revenue and its operating efficiency, wherein companies with larger revenue tend to exhibit greater levels of operational efficiency.