THE STATE BANK OF VIETNAM BANKING ACADEMY FOREIGN LANGUAGE FACULTY GRADUATION THESIS TOPIC: CREDIT RISK AND SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE CREDIT RISK IN BANK FOR INVESTMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF VIETNAM - BAC NINH BRANCH Student: Nguyen Thi Kim Dung Student ID: 13A7510022 Class: ATCB-K13 Supervisor: Ms. Can Thuy Lien (MA) Hanoi, May 26, 2014 THE STATE BANK OF VIETNAM BANKING ACADEMY FOREIGN LANGUAGE FACULTY GRADUATION THESIS Topic: CREDIT RISK AND SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE CREDIT RISK IN BANK FOR INVESTMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF VIETNAM - BAC NINH BRANCH Student: Nguyen Thi Kim Dung Student ID: 13A7510022 Class: ATCB-K13 Supervisor: Ms. Can Thuy Lien (MA) Hanoi, May 26, 2014 DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my family who has never failed to give me moral and financial support from the beginning of my study Also, this thesis is dedicated to the lecturers and students in Faculty of foreign language. Finally, this thesis is dedicated to Banking Academy of Vietnam.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I want to express my sincere thanks to my teachers, who directly teach and transfer the knowledge to me. The knowledge is the basic foundation, the invaluable luggage, the first step for me to start my career confidently. Especially, I want to convey my deeply sincere thanks to Ms. Can Thuy Lien for her great help during the period I write my graduation thesis.
It is clear that I can not finish this thesis successfully without her support. In addition, I also thank the working staff of Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Investment and Development of Viet Nam-Bac Ninh Branch for their whole-hearted supports: providing useful and effective materials as well as creating the best conditions for me to work and to apply my knowledge during doing research. Hanoi, 26th May, 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .1 CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF CREDIT RISKS IN THE OPERATION OF COMMERCIAL BANKS. Credit risk in banking activities.
Classification of credit risk. Characteristics of credit risk. Reasons for credit risk. Consequences of credit risk.
Standards to evaluate credit risk. Credit risk management. The necessity of credit risk management. Techniques to manage credit risk .10 CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER 1 .12 CHAPTER 2: REAL SITUATION OF CREDIT RISK IN BANK FOR INVESTMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF VIET NAM - BAC NINH BRANCH.
Overview of Bank for Investment & Development of Viet Nam - Bac Ninh Branch. Summary of establishment and development history. The organizational structure of the branch. Functions and duties of the branch.
Status of raising capital in Bank for Investment and Development of Viet Nam - Bac Ninh Branch. The status of credit activities in Bank for Investment and Development of Viet Nam-Bac Ninh Branch. Outstanding loans classified by the term loan. Outstanding loans classified by economic sector.
Outstanding loans classified by currency. Outstanding loans classified by collateral. Outstanding loans classified by business sector. Status of credit risk management in Bank for Investment and Development of Viet Nam - Bac Ninh Branch.
Credit risk management policy. The status of overdue debts and bad debts of Bank for Investment and Development of Viet Nam - Bac Ninh Branch. Evaluation credit risk status and credit risk management in Bank for Investment and Development of Viet Nam - Bac Ninh Branch. Implemented methods and achieved results.
Drawbacks and reasons .31 CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER 2 .33 CHAPTER 3: SOLUTIONS TO PREVENTING AND REDUCING CREDIT RISK IN BANK FOR INVESTMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF VIET NAM - BAC NINH BRANCH. Development orientations of credit activities in the near future (until 2015). Solutions to reduce credit risk in Bank for Investment and Development of Viet Nam - Bac Ninh Branch. Increasing the quality of credit information management system to meet needs of credit risk limitations.
Improving the quality of human resources; building up investment and labor forces strategies. Strengthening credit testing and supervision. Recommendations to Government. Recommendations to SBV.
Recommendations to BIDV .38 CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER 3 .42 TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS ABBREVIATION MEANING BIDV Bank for Investment and Development of Viet Nam CB Commercial Bank CIC Credit Information Center IT Information Technology NPL Non-performing loan SVB The State Bank of Vietnam VND Vietnam Dong LIST OF TABLES Pages Table 1 : Total mobilized capital from 2011 to 2013. 17 Table 2: Outstanding loan classified by term loan. 19 Table 3: Outstanding loan classified by economic sector. 20 Table 4 Outstanding loan classified by currency.
21 Table 5: Outstanding loan classified by collateral. 22 Table 6: Outstanding loan classified by business sector. 27 Table 8: Bad debts. 27 Table 9: Standard loan ratio, overdue loan ratio and bad debt ratio.
30 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Pages Diagram 1: Classification of Credit risk. 4 Diagram2: Operation structure. 14 Figure 1: Outstanding loan classified by term loan. 19 Figure 2: Outstanding loan classified by economic sector.
20 Figure 3: Outstanding loan classified by currency. 21 Figure 4: Outstanding loan classified by collateral. 22 Figure 5: Outstanding loan classified by business sector. 24 Figure 6: Bad debts.
28 Figure 7: Standard loan ratio, overdue loan ratio and bad debt ratio. 29 Figure 8: Provision ratio. 30 Banking Academy Graduation Thesis INTRODUCTION 1. The importance and necessity of the theme The deep and wide integration background between Viet Nam’s economy and the world’s economy has created good conditions for Viet Nam’s financial activities.
The bank market is developing in a better trend that has marked a new development step in both quality and quantity of Viet Nam banking system. However, because banking is a field of sensitive business suffered from direct and indirect factors, banking risks are unavoidable and are able to seriously affect the sustainable development of banks in particular and financial markets as well as economy system in general. In banking activities, the credit activity is the most basic and important one that brings main income for CBs. Through their lending activities, banks have contributed to supplying funds for enterprises and helping the circulation of the economy system operate smoothly and effectively.
Although the credit activity brings potential income for banks, it also includes big risks as economic rule: “the higher risk, the higher return”. Credit risk causes higher costs, slow profit recovery; influences on prestige, position, even existence and development of banks and also affects the whole banking system and the economy. Nevertheless, credit risk is an unavoidable risk in credit activity. We can not totally erase this risk and we just apply methods to prevent or minimize the damage when credit risk happens.
Preventing and decreasing credit risk are always the top priority in BIDV Bac Ninh. That is the reason why I have chosen the topic “Credit risk and Solutions to reduce credit risk in Bank for Investment and Development of Viet Nam - Bac Ninh Branch”. Objectives of the study The thesis is going to resolve three main issues as follow: - Systematizing the theoretical issues of credit risk in banking activities. - Analyzing and assessing the status of credit risk in Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam - Bac Ninh branch.
- Providing suggested solutions in order to limit credit risk in Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam - Bac Ninh branch. Nguyen Thi Kim Dung 1 Class: ATCB - K13 Banking Academy Graduation Thesis 3. Subject and scope of the study - Study subject: Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam - Bac Ninh branch - Scope of study: Issues related to credit activities and credit risk from 2011 to 2013 in Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam - Bac Ninh branch. Study questions - In terms of theory: What is the core of credit risk? What reasons result in credit risk? How do they affect Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam - Bac Ninh branch and the economy? - In terms of reality: How is the practice of credit risk management at Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam - Bac Ninh branch? What could Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam - Bac Ninh branch, the State Bank of Vietnam and Vietnamese Government do to enhance credit management and reduce the loss caused by credit risk? 5.
Methods of the study - Using qualitative methods including statistics, comparison, analysis, synthesis, dialectical materialism. - Basing mainly on the secondary data. Thesis structure Structure of thesis consists of three chapters, namely: Chapter 1: Theoretical background of credit risk in the operation of commercial banks. Chapter 2: Real situation of credit risk in Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam - Bac Ninh Branch.
Chapter 3: Solutions to preventing and reducing credit risk in Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam - Bac Ninh Branch. Nguyen Thi Kim Dung 2 Class: ATCB - K13 Banking Academy Graduation Thesis CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF CREDIT RISKS IN THE OPERATION OF COMMERCIAL BANKS 1. Credit risk in banking activities 1. Definition According to Decision No 493/2005/QĐ - NHNN on 22rd, Apr, 2005 of the Governor of SBV, Credit risk is the capacity in which the loss can happen in banking activity of credit institutions because customers do not carry out or they do not have ability to carry out their responsibilities as commitment.
In "Financial Institutions Management - A Modern perspective" by A. Lange, Credit risk is considered potential loss of bank when granting credit to customers that the projected income stream brought from the bank's loans can not be fully implemented both in quantity and duration. In “Principles for the Management of Credit Risk - consultative document” by Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, credit risk is most simply defined as the potential that a borrower or counterpart will fail to meet its obligations in accordance with agreed terms. In general, “Credit risk” can be known as risk from borrowers, in which customers fail to comply terms in the credit contract signed by two sides, for example, customers’ slow repayment, incomplete repayment or no repayment at the expiration period of loans and interests that causes losses of finance and difficulties in business activities of commercial banks.
Classification of credit risk Basing on causes, credit risk is classified into transaction risk and portfolio risk. Nguyen Thi Kim Dung 3 Class: ATCB - K13 Banking Academy Graduation Thesis Credit risk Transaction Portfolio risk risk Underwriting Concentration Selection risk Operation risk Intrinsic risk risk risk Diagram 1: Classification of Credit risk Transaction risk has three components: selection risk, underwriting risk and operation risk. Selection risk is the risk that a bank accepts bad risks because it has not put enough effort in investigating the client’s creditworthiness. Underwriting risk is the risk that a bank has not safeguarded itself against (the consequences of) payment problems and defaults.
A bank can secure itself by demanding collaterals and by reinsuring its business. Operation risk is the risk that revenues are missed because of errors in recording loan transactions. Portfolio risk is composed of intrinsic and concentration risk. Intrinsic risk is determined by factors that are unique for specific lenders or industries, such as clientele, solvency and earning power.
Concentration risk occurs when a bank’s credit portfolio is concentrated in groups of lenders, industries or regions. Characteristics of credit risk 1. Credit risk is unavoidable It always exits and connects to credit activities. Credit risk acceptance is natural in banking operation.
CBs need to evaluate business opportunities based on “risks- profits” relationship in order to find out chances to get worthy benefits towards the acceptable risk level. Banks will successfully operate and develop if the risk level is reasonable, controllable within their financial capacity. Nguyen Thi Kim Dung 4 Class: ATCB - K13 Banking Academy Graduation Thesis 1. Credit risk is indirect It happens after CBs disburse loans and in the using loans of customers.
Because of asymmetric information, CBs are often in passive situation.