ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG QUẢN TRỊ VÀ KINH DOANH --------------------- KHỔNG THỊ THẢO NON-PERFORMING LOAN MANAGEMENT AND LOAN LOSS PROVISIONS AT MILITARY COMMERCIAL JOINT STOCK BANK FOR THE PERIOD OF 2010-2021 QUẢN LÝ NỢ XẤU VÀ TRÍCH LẬP DỰ PHÒNG TẠI NGÂN HÀNG THƯƠNG MẠI CỔ PHẦN QUÂN ĐỘI GIAI ĐOẠN 2010-2021 LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH HÀ NỘI - 2022 ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG QUẢN TRỊ VÀ KINH DOANH --------------------- KHỔNG THỊ THẢO NON-PERFORMING LOAN MANAGEMENT AND LOAN LOSS PROVISIONS AT MILITARY COMMERCIAL JOINT STOCK BANK FOR THE PERIOD OF 2010-2021 QUẢN LÝ NỢ XẤU VÀ TRÍCH LẬP DỰ PHÒNG TẠI NGÂN HÀNG THƯƠNG MẠI CỔ PHẦN QUÂN ĐỘI GIAI ĐOẠN 2010-2021 Chuyên ngành: Quản trị kinh doanh Mã số: 8340101.01 LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC: TS. PHẠM THỊ HÀ HÀ NỘI - 2022 DECLARATION The author commits that the content in this thesis are the results of the author's own research, obtained during the study and research period and have not been published in any other publications. The results of research and other people's research (figures, tables, formulas, graphs and others) mentioned in this thesis have been quotes and agreed by the authors. I am responsible to Thesis Defense Council, Hanoi school of Business and Management and the law for the above commitments.
Hanoi, 20 November 2021 Author Khổng Thị Thảo ACKNOWLEDGE I wish to thank my family especially my husband and my mom for the support they have given to me. I also want to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Pham Thi Ha my supervisor for her guidance and encouragement in making this research. Her academic knowledge about the financial sector gave me direction when I started my research.
I really appreciate the time she made for me during the completion of this study. Author Khổng Thị Thảo TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES. i LIST OF FIGURES. ii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTTION.
5 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW OF NPL MANAGEMENT AND PROVISION. Literature review in NPL management. Overview in NPL. NPLs in commercial banks.
Banking NPL Management. Loan loss provision. The concept of LLP. The necessary of LLP.
LLP to prepare for crisis. LLP to strike a balance. LLP to develop organizational provisioning standards. Hypothesis development/Relationships among research variables.
Hypothesis 1: High NPL ratio has a positive influence on LLP ratio in MB bank. Hypothesis 2: Bank size has a positive influence on LLPs in MB bank 23 2. Hypothesis 3: There is significant effect of Return on Assets (ROA) on LLPs in MB bank. Hypothesis 4: Bank solvency has a negative influence on LLPs in MB bank.
Hypothesis 5: interactive relationship between time and LLPs in MB banks. Proposed research model. NPL management based on indicators. 27 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY.
Status of NPL management and provision at MB bank. The process of formation and development of MB bank. NPL management apparatus at MB bank. Procedure of NPL management apparatus at MB bank.
The status and classification of NPLs. The status of NPL management and provision. 43 CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH RESULTS. Trend analysis of LLP in MB bank.
Analysis of factors affecting LLP. 49 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS. Conclusion and implication. Limitation and directions for future research.
Limitation of the research. Directions for future research. 55 APPENDIX I: BUSINESS PERFORMANCE OF MB BANK FROM 2019 TO THE THIRD QUARTER OF 2021 .2 The loans to customers. 62 LIST OF TABLES Table 1.
Non-performing loan at MB bank from 2019 to the third quarter of 2021. Provision of MB bank from 2019 to the third quarter of 2021. Coefficients – Descriptive statistic. Capital mobilization of MB bank from 2019 to the third quarter of 2021.
Loans to customers of MB bank from 2019 to the third quarter of 2021. Number of customers of MB bank from 2020 to the third quarter of 2021. Business performance of MB bank from 2019 to the third quarter of 2021. 62 i LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.
NPL ratio of the banking sector in Vietnam from 2016 to the third quarter of 2021. The groups of debts. NPL ratio of some commercial banks from 2019 to the third quarter of 2021. Trend analysis of LLP in MB bank.
The growth of App and user of MB Bank from 2020 to the third quarter of 2021. 61 ii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTTION 1. Research background In Vietnamese financial history, the country has experienced two non- performing loan crises. The first was in the late of 1990s and early 2000s.The negative impacts of the Asian financial crisis coupled with the expansion of State-owned enterprises activities beyond their core business resulted in serious non-performing loans of the banking system in Vietnam.
In 2012-2013, there was another non-performing loan (NPL) crisis fueled by a real estate bubble. The bursting of the housing bubble led to the accumulation of non-performing loans that left negative consequences for the entire banking system so far. Since 2013, to settle with the NPL increment, the Government and the State bank of Vietnam gave out many solutions, including: Resolution No. 42/2017/QH14 on piloting NPL settlement of credit institutions, effective from August 15,2017 and implemented within 5 years from the effective date of implementation.
42/2017/QH14 amending pilot regulations on several policies on handling NPLs, handling collaterals of NPLs of credit institutions. After 5 years of application, the ratio of NPL on the balance sheet of the financial institutions in the period 2016-2020 decreased over the years and remained below 3%. NPL ratio of the banking sector in Vietnam from 2016 to the third quarter of 2021 (Source: Statistical report of the State Bank of Vietnam) Since the beginning of 2020, in the face of the devastating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the entire economy, the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) has drafted new regulations to ease the financial burden on businesses and support the handling of NPLs at banks. Specifically, the central bank proposed a new timeline for loan forbearance and extension of the scope of loans eligible for debt rescheduling.
Currently, under Circular 03/2021 which came into effect on May 17 this year, payments of principal and/or interest of loans allocated before June 10,2020 will be rescheduled; and the repayment obligation must be fulfilled before December 31, 2021. Currently, according to the State bank‘ s report, the ratio of NPL to total outstanding loans in the balance sheet increased from 1.7 per cent in the end of 2020 to 1.76 per cent in the end of September 2021. On July 30, The State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) officially issued Circular No.11/2021/TT-NHNN, replacing a previous circular from 2013 on asset classifications, risk provisioning, and utilization of provisioning by credit 2 institutions and foreign bank branches – a move reflecting the central bank‘s concerted efforts on handling soured loans. Assessing the delay of impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the banking industry until 2022, the SBV also forecasts that the ratio of on-balance sheet NPL and potential NPL of the banking system by the end of 2021 may increase from 7.7%; double that of the end of 2020.
Therefore, the SBV is also working with relevant parties to develop a comprehensive set of legal instruments to handle NPLs of credit institutions and foreign bank branches. Besides this, it is necessary for the SBV to amend the previous legal framework on debt structure. It can be seen that The SBV is trying to promote specific policies to support banks as well as businesses in handling NPLs during the epidemic situation that is still having a heavy impact on the entire economy. Research motivation In the market economy, the Bank is one of the important financial institutions, playing an essential role in the economy.
Banks perform various types of transactions and activities to support their business. Since the beginning of 2020, the global crisis related to the Covid-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on all aspects of Vietnam's social and economic life. The status of businesses and the economy are seriously affected. Business closures hit a record high this year of 101,700, 13.9 per cent higher than last year, according to the General Statistics Office.
The Covid-19 epidemic wave breaks out at the end of April 2021, the Delta variant is spreading fast, especially where vaccination rates are low and take place in many localities throughout our country. Due to epidemic, many businesses unable to meet or pay its financial obligations. It is becoming increasingly apparent that NPLs are likely to become one of the most profound consequences of the pandemic. 3 Banks have experienced a significant NPL formation while implementing strict provisioning to control NPLs amid pandemic struggles – however, debt-restructuring portfolios will slightly increase in 2021 because of related expanded conditions.
Over the past two years, at Military Commercial Joint Stock Bank, NPL ratio has fluctuated greatly, provisioning rate has also increased, Accumulated provision in 2020 increased by 41% compared to 2019. Under Circular No 03/2021/TT-NHNN dated April 2, 2021, for the first six months of 2021, provision for losses on impaired loans for the entire bank has been up equivalent to 74% in 2020 and expected to increase sharply by the end of the year. The leadership of Military Commercial Joint Stock Bank determined that management of NPLs is a subject that will be a hot topic for bank in the coming period. MB strive to continue improving credit quality, actively handling NPLs and implementation of classification of assets, levels, and methods of risk provisions, as well as the use of provisions against credit risks.
Therefore, as an officer of Military Commercial Joint Stock Bank, after studying and researching a master's program at HSB, the author chooses the topic ―non-performing loan management and loan loss provisions at Military commercial joint stock bank for the period of 210-2021‖. The author desires to apply theoretical knowledge to analyze and evaluate the current situation, thereby contribute some solutions to the credit activities of banks. Research objectives This study aims at making less severe the problem of NPLs in commercial banks. The objectives are specifically: - Evaluate NPL indicators, and review general principle of provisioning for NPLs 4 - Assessing the current situation of NPL management and provisioning at Military Commercial Joint Stock Bank in the period of 2010- 2021.
Research scope - Space: NPL management and loan loss provisioning at MB bank. - Time: Data is collected for research from 2010 to September 2021. The proposed solutions are expected valuable from 2022. - Research area: Nationwide.
Research structure The thesis includes five chapters: - Chapter 1: Introduction - Chapter 2: Literature review of NPL management and loan loss provision. - Chapter 3: Research design and methodology - Chapter 4: Research results - Chapter 5: Conclusion and suggestions. 5 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW OF NPL MANAGEMENT AND PROVISION 2. Literature review in NPL management 2.
Overview in NPL In recent decades, the topic of high NPL (NPL) ratios in national economies has been the focus of many research projects across the world; the time when banking sector experienced the increasing trend in the NPL and started facing crises. The relationship between NPL ratios and the overall health of a national economy is well established; a meta-analysis by a team of researchers in 2019 led by Professor Shihadeh, Gamage, and Hannon clearly showed the relationship between the increasing NPL ratios in select countries and the impact they had. In addition to that study, multiple studies conducted at universities round the world point to the fact that a high NPL ratio is a primary indicator for bank failure.