MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND MINISTRY OF JUSTICE TRAINING NAME: Pham Đức Minh STUDENT CODE: 453317 Functional Approach —A Legislative Approach in the Law of Secured Transactions: International Experience and Suggestion for Reforms in Vietnam GRADUATION THESIS MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND MINISTRY OF JUSTICE TRAINING NAME: Pham Đức Minh STUDENT CODE: 453317 Functional Approach —A Legislative Approach in the Law of Secured Transactions: International Experience and Suggestion for Reforms in Vietnam Subject: Comparative Law GRADUATION THESIS SUPERVISOR: Nguyễn Toàn Thắng, PhD it GUARANTEE I guarantee that the thesis is a research independently conducted by myself All the findings and statistics within the thesis are authentic and reliable./ Approval of the Sipervisor Author of the thesis 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Rationale of the Research 2. Literature Review —The Overview of the Research Scenario. Scientific and Practical Significance of the Dissertafiom.
Aimsofthe dissertation 5 Methodology. Structure of the đisserfafio1. nhi 7 CHAPTER 1: THE THEORY OF THE LAW ON SECURED TRANSACTIONS AND THE FUNCTIONAL APPROACH. An Overview of Secured Transaction and Related Concepfs.
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A Brief History of Origin of the Functional Approach. Definition of the Functional Approach. Doctrinal Couflicts Cansed by the Functional Approach 1. The Outer Limit of the Functional Approach: How far can it PECK? c2 20220000000 006001600162 06106120001304060206602036668 2g.
The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Functional Approach C20 tri rirrrrtytrdrdrrreirrer ray die 35 CHAPTER 2: THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR SECURED 2. TREPOR RC ESTs ssccsascssssssssscessuscascvesceasessassscesasesssaassoavavamiaussoussssseuece 39 2. Definition of Secured Transactions under the law of Vietnam. Objects of Security Device.
The Secured Obligafiens. Kinds of Security Device. The Creation of Security Devices. The Perfection of Security Device.
Realization of the Collateral. Methods of Collateral Realization CHAPTER 3: POTENTIAL IMPLEMENTATIONS OF THE FUNCTIONAL APPROACH TO REFORM THE LAW ON SECURED TRANSACTIONS IN VIETNAM: SUGGESTIONS FROM THE EXPERIENCED JURISDICTIONS. Mischaracterization and the Multitude of Security Devices: Experience from the United States. The Mischaracterization and the Multitude of Security Devices Vv 3.
Reform Suggestious for Vietnam. Amendments to the Civil Code to Overcome Doctrinal Conflicts: Experiences from Louisiana aoa 3. Experience front Lowisiaud. Reform Suggestions for VĩefiiamL.
The Recognition of Ownership-based Security Devices: Experience from .1, Experience front Ïapam. A Dynamic Body of Rules Trapped in The Civil Code: Experience 3. Unreasonable Location of the Rules ou Secured Transactions fIRiN the Civil COME sissivcsssissisessaicsoscuiasisasasisaessassuivasassonsossaaviotesstaanaineniseed 66 3. Experience from Thailand and ‘PPSA Jurisdictions’.
Reform Suggestions for Vĩiefuami. [Bì XS TC TC he nợ G1 n0 0 cô Ơi 72 INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale of the Research The Functional Approach in the legislation of the law of secured transaction is now being promoted around the world as a principle of modern reform. It is created to fix two principal problems of the law of secured transactions around the world.
Firstly, the fragmentation and inconsistency in the law caused by different rules for multiple kinds of security interest, and secondly, the unsatisfied growing demand for credit caused by the inadequate kinds of security interest provided by law. In other words, it is a means to two ends: (i) unifying and harmonizing the law of secured transactions, and (ii) promoting the diversity of security interests, especially the interests over personal property, to facilitate the flow of credit, which is an important leverage for economic development. Arguably, the functional approach has the potential for adoption in Vietnam because the country is facing the problems that gave rise to the approach. Firstly, it has been recognized by experts in the field that the current law of secured transactions in Vietnam that the current legal framework is illogically unorganized, and overwhelmingly complex, which creates many difficulties in compliance and enforcement!.
In the current Civil Code of Vietnam, there are nine security devices, of which seven are security interests, and each of these works by a separate set of rules. Additionally, there are at least 04 mechanisms resembling a security interest but nonetheless are not recognized as security interests. Similarly, a right to an asset that arises in a contract to secure an obligation is not recognized as a security interest by courts if it is not one of the kinds given by lew”. Secondly, since the functional approach can promote the diversity of security interests in personal property, it is significantly worth considering its adoption in Vietnam.
The SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) still occupy a hefty proportion of the total firms (97%) in the country and they are now contributing to 40% of the ` Trương Thanh Đức, 9 Biển pháp bảo dim thực liện nghita vụ hop đẳng - Quy din, từne tế và thiết kế giao dich theo Bồ luật dân su hiện hành [9 Security Devices for Contractual Obligation - Lavré:Practice and Structre of transactions by the Civil Code], Nxb, Chính trị Quốc ga Sr thật [National Poltical and Truth Publisher] , Hanoi, p. 22-23 ld 2 national GDP and employing about half the workforce? The approach can utilize their most valuable assets — personal property — to make loans more accessible to them and promote the lending environment in Vietnam to become less dependent on real property. By those effects, the approach can facilitate the flow of capital to the biggest contributor to the economy and therefore can enhance the social welfare in the bigger picture All in all, Vietnam has both economic and ‘legal’ reasons to demand research about the adoption of the functional approach into the legal system of secured transactions. This dissertation is a small effort to make that end meet 2.
Literature Review —The Overview of the Research Scenario The literature review provides an overview of the following research categories: (i) the theoretical studies on secured transaction, its governing law, and the functional approach, (ii) the research about its implementation in foreign jurisdictions, (iii) the studies about the legal framework of secured transactions in Vietnam. The categories indeed correspond to the structure of the dissertation, which reflects the research scenario of the topic worldwide and particularly in Vietnam. (i) ‘The theoretical studies on secured transactions, their governing lw, and the functional approach On the theoretical framework of secured transaction, the following works can be considered, inter alia: William Warwick Buckland (1939), A Manual of Roman Private Law (2nd Ed), Cambridge University Press, R. Melville (1915), A Manual of the Principles of Roman Law relating to Persons, Property an Obligations, Edinburgh W.
Green & Son Publisher; Andrew Borkowski, Paul du Plessis, Borkowskis Textbook on Roman Law oh Ed), Oxford University Press, Hendrik LE. Verhagen (2022), Seciaity and Credit in Roman Law — The historical evolution of pignus and Iypotheca, Oxford University Press, New York; Richard E. White (1993), Secured Transactions: Teaching Material (S* Ed), West Publishing Co, United States of America; Ross > Huyen Plum, “Secured Transactions Refomm in Vietruma: Prominent Achievements, Experiences, and Lesson Leamt” from Louise Gullifer Ed.) and Dara Neo (Ed) (2021), Secured Transaction Law in Asia: Principles , Perspectives and Reform, Hut Publishing, Grest Britain,p. Cranston (2002), Principles of Banking Law (2th Ed), Oxford University Press, New York; Sir Roy Goode, Ewan McKendrick (2020), Goode and McKendrick on Commercial Law (6% Ed), LexixNexis and Penguin Books Ltd, United Kingdom; Hugh Beale, Michael Bridge, Louise Gullifer, Eva Lomnicka (2018), The Law of Security and Title-Based Financing (#" Edition), Oxford University Press, New York.
These studies have provided a comprehensive theoretical framework for the concept of secured transactions and the cornerstone concept of security interest based on the doctrine of private Roman law. They provide the perception of security interest in common law and civil law jurisdictions and suggest that both jurisdictions share a common theoretical understanding of security interest in general. On the law of secured transaction and the functional approach, these following publication can be taken into account, inter alia: UNCITRAL (2010), UNCITRAL Legislative Grade on Sectred Transactions, United N ations Publication, New York, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), “Core Prinicples for a secured transaction law”, Grant Gilmore (1968), “Security Law, Formalism, and Article 9”, Nebraska Law Review, Volume 47, Issue 4; Michael G Bridge, Roderick A Macdonald Ralph L. Simmonds, Catherine Walsh (1999), “Formalism, Functionalism, and Understanding the Law of Secured Transactions, (1999) 44 McGill Law Journal 567; Michael Bridge, “The Scope and Limits of Security Interest” from Horst Eidenmuller Ed), Eva-Maria Kieninger (Ed) (2008), The Future of Secured Credit in Europe, De Gruyter Recht Publisher, Berlin, Grant Gilmore (1965), Secwity Interests in Personal Property, Little, Brown and Company, United States and Canada, Volume 1; Ray D.
Henson (1972), Serwcred Transacions under the Uniform Commercial Code, West Publishing Co, United States These studies first laid down an overview of the law of secured transaction, set boundaries for its scope, and provided key characteristics of the regime. Secondly, they have served to forge a definition of the functional approach as a legislative approach in the law of secured transactions. The approach’s scope, as well as its advantages and drawbacks, all have been discussed by those research. (i) The studies on the implementation of the functional approach in different countries This topic matter includes the following materials, inter alia: Louise Gullifer (Ed) and Orkun Akseli (Ed) (2016), Secured Transactions Law Reform — Principles, Policies, and Practice, Hart Publishing, US and Canada; Louise Gullifer (Ed) and Dora Neo (Ed) (2021), Secured Transaction Law in Asia: Principles, Perspectives and Reform, Hart Publishing, Great Britain, Spyridon V Bazinas and N Orkun Akseli (2017), International and Comparative Secured Transactions Law, Hart Publishing US and Canada; Philip R Wood (1995), Comparative Law of Security and Guarantees, Sweet and Maxwell Publisher, London, Yoram Keinan, “The Evolution of Secured Transactions”, WorldBank Group; Jacob S.
Ziegel (1991), “The New Provincial Security Law Regimes”, (1991) 70 Canada Bar Review 681; Grant Gilmore (1965), Seciaity Interests in Personal Property, Little, Brown and Company, United States and Canada, Volume 1. The given material has provided valuable insights into how the functional approach is developed in its home country (the US) and adopted in different countries in the world They also provide propositions of how the approach could be implemented in jurisdictions that have not incorporated the idea, especially the civil law counties.