VLETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOL UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST - GRADUATE STUDIES. BÙI VĂN TỰ A Contrastive Analysis of Tense-Aspect Combinations in English and the Vietnamese Equivalents (with Possible Applications to Teaching and Learning English) (Phân tích đối chiễu sự kết hyp Théi-Thé trong tiếng Ánh và Lương đương trong tiếng Việt với ứng dung trong day va hoc tiéng Anh) M. MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Lingui Code: 60.15 HANOT- 2009 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOT UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INFERNATIONAL STUDLES FACULTY OF POST - GRADUATE STUDIES. BÙI VĂN TỰ A Contrastive Analysis of Tense-Aspect Combinations in English and the Vietnamese Equivalents (with Possible Applications to Teaching and Learning English) (Phân tích đối chiéu sự kết hợp Thời-Thể trong tiếng Anh và tương dương trong tiếng Việt với ứng dụng trong dạy và học tiéng Anh) MLA.
MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 6.15 Supcrvisor: Nguyễn Hương Giang, M. TIANOI - 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. ABSTRACT: TABLE OF CONTENTS. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.
¬ tees nee eee LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES, vi. Llypotheses Scope of the study woe wy Significance of the study. wn Methods of the study. Design of the study.
= PART + DEVELOPMENT Chapter 1: Theoretical backgraund. LL Time in language LLL. Diagrammatic representation of properties of time. Deixis and Temporal Referenec.2, Yense and Aspect in English: A general outline 1.
Tense in English 1. Delinitions of tense. Aspect in English. Definitions of tense.
Classifications of tense 1. Tense-aspect combinations in English 1. Present simple vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. error analysis event time T.
infinitive LL the first language 12 - the second language MT. smother tongue NP. cả noun phrase PP - prepositional phrase RT. reference time st speech-act time SLA - scvard language sequisiLion 1.
time line TL cả target language VP. verb phrase vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. error analysis event time T. infinitive LL the first language 12 - the second language MT.
smother tongue NP. cả noun phrase PP - prepositional phrase RT. reference time st speech-act time SLA - scvard language sequisiLion 1. time line TL cả target language VP.
verb phrase vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. error analysis event time T. infinitive LL the first language 12 - the second language MT. smother tongue NP.
cả noun phrase PP - prepositional phrase RT. reference time st speech-act time SLA - scvard language sequisiLion 1. time line TL cả target language VP. verb phrase Jearner language is analyzed first and then attempts are made to find explanations for the errors, which wright include differences bebween the MT and the TS.
of the learner, This the contrastive approach is incorporated into exror analysis as an explanatory element, but it is not the only possibility to explain learner errors and it is not employed to predict errors. RA pursues the same intention as CA, thal is lo provide feedback for language toaching, and addilionally socks to attain insight into how languages arc acquired, In shot, C.A is an effective method for language teachers. We-the English teachars should pay attention to the points where there are structural differences between the languages, prodicting the difficultics the learners may face. We also make the Icarners awars of the contrast so that they will understand the causes of the errors and avoid committing them 6.
Design of the study. ‘The thesis has three main parts as follows ‘The first part - Introduction composes of the rationale, the hypothesis, the scope, the significance, the methodology and the design of the study The second pat Development includes three chapters. Chapter 1 shows the theoretical background of English tense and aspect system in chapter 2, the author presents the English Aspeel combinations which will be contrasted wilh the Vietwm equivalents; In chapter 3, an empirical research of etror analysis is conducted to find out how the Vietnamese high-school learners deal with the present progressive — one of the verb forms frequently used in written and spoken forms of Engtish. Then some conclusions and implications for instruetion strategies are drawn in the last part of the study.
vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. error analysis event time T. infinitive LL the first language 12 - the second language MT. smother tongue NP.
cả noun phrase PP - prepositional phrase RT. reference time st speech-act time SLA - scvard language sequisiLion 1. time line TL cả target language VP. verb phrase PART 1: INTRODUCTION 1.
Rationale of the stuily. [inglish is the most popular language in the world. In Vietnam, Unglish has been more and more important since Vietnam beeame an official member of the World Trade Organization. That is why every Viemamese desires to master this language to communicate with the rest of the world, which seems to be far ftom easy for all Vietnamese learn af Engtisl a foreign language To communicate eftzctively in English, it involves many aspects in which grammar is one of the basic and central points.A thesis focuses on the acquisition of the English Tonsc-Aspocl combinations by Vietmnase learners, with the primary aim to what extent it is possible to achieve competence in the field of Tense and Aspect of Euglish and their combinations, Pursuing this aim tho paper conooulrates on thre major aspects: firstly, a generat introduetion of time and a general outline of Tense and Aspect are presented; secondly, an overview of the English Tense-Aspect combinations is shown, which will be contrasted with the Vietnamese equivalents; thirdly, an empirical research of error analysis is conducted to find out how the Victnamesc high-school Icamers deal with the Tense and Aspect system in English in general and the present progressive in particular.
In this thesis, two research hypotheses are formulated as followed 4. Tha English Tense-Aspect combinations, especially the present progressive may not properly be acquired by the Viemamese high school learners of English 2. Interference of the first language ix significant in the foreign language acquisition of ihe present progressive of English, 3. Scope of the study Both a primary research and the secondary one are conducted to meet the target of the thesis.
In the primary rescarch, the author draws out a general outline of tense and aspect system in English and the Vietnamese equivalents. Though there exist many opinions of linguists and granmmarians in terans of lense- aspecl systems in English, the author fatlows v 1. Past Perfect Progressive. Expressions to future time in English.
Chapter 2: The Expressions of the Equivalents to Tense and Aspect in Vietnamese.1, Literature review of the equivalents to Tense-Aspect System in Vietnamese. Vietnamese- an isolating language 2. The cquivalents to tenses in Vietnamese. The equivalents to aspect in Vietnamese.
The use of Lense - aspecl markers in Vietnaroese 2. Examples of English Tense-Aspect combinations to the Vietnamese equivalents. Chapter 3: An empirical study.4, Rescarch design and procedures 3. Results and discussion.
Past Perfect Progressive. Expressions to future time in English. Chapter 2: The Expressions of the Equivalents to Tense and Aspect in Vietnamese.1, Literature review of the equivalents to Tense-Aspect System in Vietnamese. Vietnamese- an isolating language 2.
The cquivalents to tenses in Vietnamese. The equivalents to aspect in Vietnamese. The use of Lense - aspecl markers in Vietnaroese 2. Examples of English Tense-Aspect combinations to the Vietnamese equivalents.
Chapter 3: An empirical study.4, Rescarch design and procedures 3. Results and discussion. Rationale of the stuily. [inglish is the most popular language in the world.
In Vietnam, Unglish has been more and more important since Vietnam beeame an official member of the World Trade Organization. That is why every Viemamese desires to master this language to communicate with the rest of the world, which seems to be far ftom easy for all Vietnamese learn af Engtisl a foreign language To communicate eftzctively in English, it involves many aspects in which grammar is one of the basic and central points.A thesis focuses on the acquisition of the English Tonsc-Aspocl combinations by Vietmnase learners, with the primary aim to what extent it is possible to achieve competence in the field of Tense and Aspect of Euglish and their combinations, Pursuing this aim tho paper conooulrates on thre major aspects: firstly, a generat introduetion of time and a general outline of Tense and Aspect are presented; secondly, an overview of the English Tense-Aspect combinations is shown, which will be contrasted with the Vietnamese equivalents; thirdly, an empirical research of error analysis is conducted to find out how the Victnamesc high-school Icamers deal with the Tense and Aspect system in English in general and the present progressive in particular. In this thesis, two research hypotheses are formulated as followed 4. Tha English Tense-Aspect combinations, especially the present progressive may not properly be acquired by the Viemamese high school learners of English 2.
Interference of the first language ix significant in the foreign language acquisition of ihe present progressive of English, 3. Scope of the study Both a primary research and the secondary one are conducted to meet the target of the thesis. In the primary rescarch, the author draws out a general outline of tense and aspect system in English and the Vietnamese equivalents. Though there exist many opinions of linguists and granmmarians in terans of lense- aspecl systems in English, the author fatlows vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.
error analysis event time T. infinitive LL the first language 12 - the second language MT. smother tongue NP. cả noun phrase PP - prepositional phrase RT.
reference time st speech-act time SLA - scvard language sequisiLion 1. time line TL cả target language VP. verb phrase vil LIST OF FIGTRES AND TABLES Figure]: Diagrammatic representation af time as a time line Figure2: Diagranmatic representation of “Mrs Lan cooked” Figure 3: Diagrammatic representation of a situation in the past which is referred to from the speech-act tine Figure 4: Present tense Figure 5: Past tense Figure 6: Present simple Figwe 7: Present progressive Figure 8: Present perfect Figure 9: Prasent perfect progressive Figure 10: Past simple. Figure 11: Past progressive Figure 12: Past perfect Figwe 13: Past perfect progressive Table 1: Percentages of subjects’ options for items 1, 4, 7 and 15.
Table 2: Percentayes of subjects’ options for items 5 and 12. ‘Table 3: Percentages of subjects’ aptions for items 6, 8, 10. 11 Table 4: Percentages of subjects’ choices far items 2, 3,9 13 and 14. the ones in which English has two tenses: present and past tenses.
Therefore, there is no future tense mentioned i Lhe sludy, bul a various expressions to future tin Shown. For the secondary research, an empirical study is investigated on the exrors of applying the English tense-aspect system in written tests ‘This study does not cover all areas discussed in the primary research but, only focuses on the present progressive - one of the verb forms frequently cmployed in both written and spoken forms in English 4, Significance of the study. Learning a forcign lguags is different from learuing our mative language, Fach language has its own features in terms of phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics. 68) states that “Learning a second language differs qualitatively from learning a first language because of various factors: psychological, physical and sociological.
They aust be considered in addition to the linguistic structure of the second language and how it differs from the native language.” ‘The question is why foreign language leaning and teaching rai ¢ so many problems. Many linguists and malhodologists suppose (hat Iho tain cause is in the differences between the languages in which the characteristic features are highly complex. productive and arbitrary. 102) suggests: "Consrastive comparison of the mother tongue of the learner and the second language will offer an account of the differences between L1 and L2 or predict learning problems or learning len” Tn fact, English and Victmamese have their own siruelures.
Vichnmmese is Iypielly classified as an isolating language in which all the words are invariable and grammatical relationships are shown through the use of word order, English, on the other hand, is classified as partially synthetic and analytical.