Oxford Specialist Handbooks in Paediatrics Paediatric Nephrology Second edition Lesley Rees MD, FRCPCH Consultant Paediatric Nephrologist Gt Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust London, UK Paul A. Brogan MSc, PhD, MRCP, FRCPCH Senior Lecturer and Honorary Consultant Paediatric Rheumatologist Gt Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust London, UK Detlef Bockenhauer PhD, FRCPCH Consultant Paediatric Nephrologist Gt Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust London, UK Nicholas J. Webb DM, FRCP, FRCPCH Consultant Paediatric Nephrologist Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital Manchester, UK 1 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide.
Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Oxford University Press 2012 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted First edition published 2007 Second edition published 2012 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Paediatric nephrology / Lesley Rees. of: Paediatric nephrology / Lesley Rees, Nicolas J.
Includes bibliographical references and index. Rees, Lesley, 1951-II. Rees, Lesley, 1951-Paediatric nephrology. Series: Oxford specialist handbooks in paediatrics.
Kidney Diseases—Handbooks. WS 39] LC classification not assigned 618.92’61–dc23 2011033028 ISBN 978–0–19–960137–0 Printed in China on acid-free paper by Asia Pacific Offset Oxford University Press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct. Readers must therefore always check the product information and clinical procedures with the most up-to-date published product information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regulations. The authors and the publishers do not accept responsibility or legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of material in this work.
Except where otherwise stated, drug dosages and recommendations are for the non-pregnant adult who is not breast-feeding Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work. iii Preface to second edition Following on from the success of the first edition of our handbook, we have produced a second edition which has been totally updated. In par- ticular, we have brought in our colleague, Dr Bockenhauer.
We have used his expertise to ensure that this second edition is fully up-to-date in genetics. In addition, he has developed and simplified the concepts of electrolyte balance by going back to basic renal physiology. Our original aim in producing a handbook that is a comprehensive and clinically-orientated guide to the management of children with all forms of renal disease remains. We have continued to try to make the text as practical as possible in the expectation that this will become the first text that the paediatrician refers to when presented with a child with an acute or chronic kidney disorder.
The book provides up-to-date information for the general paediatrician and the paediatric nephrologist. It is pocket sized so that it is easily referred to in the clinical setting and uses a system of bullet points to facilitate this. It covers both common conditions seen by all paediatricians during the day-to-day care of patients on a general paediatric ward or in the outpatient clinic, and also those seen rarely and usually in specialized paediatric nephrology centres in collaboration with local units. The focus is heavily on investigation and management and there is intentionally little emphasis on basic pathogenesis and disease mechanisms.